大学英语四级 翻译语法归纳

1、 四级翻译部分辅导材料一.常用词组和句型归纳1. When it comes to- 当谈到-时候2. It is commonly believed that-人们普遍认为3. With the development of-随着-发展4. -begin to realize the importance of 开始意识到-重要性5. have the responsibility of 有-责任6.have some difficulty of 做某事有困难7. asfaras.beconcerned就.而言8. as a consequence of -结果9. aside from 除

2、了-之外10atsbsdisposal任.处理11.atthecostof以.为代价12.atthemercyof任凭.摆布13.bymeansof用,依靠14.forthesakeof为了,为了.的利益15.inaccordancewith与.一致,按照16.inadditionto除.之外(还)17.inchargeof负责,总管18. have-incommon共用的,共有的19.inconsequence(of)因此;由于20. infavorof支持,赞成21.inhonorof为庆祝,为纪念22.inmemoryof纪念23. inregardto关于,至于24.inrelatio

3、nto关于,涉及25.inreturnfor作为对.报答26.inspiteof尽管27.inthecourseof在.期间/过程中28. intheeventof如果.发生,万一29.in(the)lightof鉴于,由于30. onaccountof由于31.onbehalfof代表32.onthegroundsof根据,以.为由33.onthepointof即将.的时刻34.regardlessof不顾,不惜35.thanksto由于,多亏36.underthecircumstances这种情况下37.withtheexceptionof除.之外38. at the thought of

4、一想到39. as a whole (=in general) 就整体而论40.(be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 41.on ones own account 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益(=at ones own risk) 自行负责(=by oneself)依靠自己42.takeinto account(=consider)把.考虑进去43.give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由) 44. account for (=give an explanation or reaso

5、n for) 解释, 说明.45. accuseof(=chargewith; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告46.be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于. 47.be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉48.act on 奉行,按照行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理49.adapt oneself to(=adju

6、st oneself to) 使自己适应于50.adapt(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)51.adjust.(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;52. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) 的可能，留有的余地.53. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由

7、于处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事 take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, ) 利用.54.ahead of 在之前, 超过;. ahead of time 提前.55.above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的.56.allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到.57.amount to (=to be equ

8、al to) 总计, 等于.58.answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对负责.59.apologize to sb. for sth. 为向道歉60.appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力61.apply to sb. for sth. 为向申请; apply for申请; apply to 适用.62. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree t

9、o, consider good, right) 赞 成, approve vt. 批准63arise from(=be caused by) 由引起.64. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排做65. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以为羞耻66.assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向保证, 使确信.67.attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join

10、) 缚, 系 ,结68. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做69.attend to (=give ones attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料70.attributeto(=to believe sth. to be the result of)把.归因于.认为.是.的结果71.(be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or conscio

11、usness)意识到,知道.72.turn ones back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背 弃,抛弃73.be based on / upon 基于74. on the basis of 根据, 在基础上76.benefit (from) 受益,得到好处. for the benefit of 为了的利益(好处)77.get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败, 胜过.78. blame sb. for sth. 因责备某人 . blame sth. on sb. 把推在某人身上7

12、9. be capable of 能够, 有能力 be capable of being +过去分词:是能够被的80. be cautious of 谨防81.center ones attention on(=focus ones attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在上 input in education 教育投入communal participation 社会参与enhance the moral awareness of 提高的思想品德professional ethics 职业道德credit system 学分制guarantee job assignments 包分

13、配multidisciplinary 多学科的key university 重点大学national expenditure on education 国家教育经费account for% 占百分比intercultural communication 国际文化交流equal stress on integrity and ability 德才兼备to become educated through independent study 自学成材compulsory education 普及教育preschool/elementary/secondary/higher/ education 学前

14、/初等/中等/高等教育adult education 成人教育vocational and technical education 职业技术教育institutions of higher learning 高等学校inservice training course 在职进修班compulsory/optional course 必修/选修课record of formal schooling 学历diploma 文凭， 学历证明二 重点语法 虚拟语气 1. If 引导虚拟语气的用法 If从句 过去时， 主句 would do (与现在事实不符) if had done, would have

15、 done (与过去事实不符) If were/ should do/ were to do, would do (与将来事实不符)例：If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary_（就不会被大雨淋了）. 例：You would not have failed if_(按照我的指令去做). 参考译文：you had followed my instructions. 参考译文：would not have been caught in the heavy rain. 2. suggest, advise, propose, move(提议），recomme

16、nd, urge, vote, demand, order, command, desire, require, prefer, arrange 等动词后的that分句中，should+ 动词原形构成，should 可以省略3. 在主语从句it + be + suggested/ demanded/ ordered/ required/ important/ necessary/ strange/ natural / it is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder +that should+动词原 形构成，should 可以省略4. 在for fear that, in ca

17、se, lest 引导的目的状语从句中， 句中的谓语动词是由 should+动词原形构成，should 可以省略；5. 在it is high/about time+(that)从句中，谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形 6. 在wish, would rather, if only, as if, as though引导的从句中， 在without, but, but for, otherwise 等介词短语引导的条件从句中，如果表示对 现在事实的虚拟，谓语动词用一般过去时；如果表示对过去事实的虚拟，谓语动词用过去完成时。 例：The professor required that_(

18、我们交研究报告)。 参考译文：we (should) hand in our research report(s). 倒装结构 1.so, such, nor, neither 放在句首时如：I dont know the answer, nor do I care about it.2.否定词放在句首时 （，never，seldom，not until, in no way, by no means， no sooner-than, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, barely等例：_ (直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was serious

19、ly ill. 参考译文：Not until he had finished the mission.本题考查的是“not until”位于句首时 3.虚拟语气省略if时如：Had I met her, I would have told her about the good news.4. only 放在句首时如：Only when you have lost something will you know how precious it is.5. as, “尽管”如：Hard as he works, he makes no progress.比较结构 比较结构是四级考试翻译题型的重要考

20、点。它可分为三类：同级比较，差级比较和最高级比较。同级比较的常用表达有asas，the same as，not soas，be equal to 等；差级比较限于两者之间的比较，常由more/less than 表示，除此之外，inferior to，superior to，junior to，senior to，prior to，preferable to，the morethe more 等特殊的结构也可用于差级比较；最高级比较用于三者或三者以上的比较，常用the+形容词或副词的最高级形式来表达。此外，perfect，excellent，topmost，summit 等词也可表示最高级比较

21、。 例：The more you explain, _ (我愈糊涂) 参考译文：the more confused I am. 例：It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are_ （更有可能增加体重）. 参考译文：more likely to gain /put on weight. 从句 英语从句可分为定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句三大类。 定语从句。定语从句又称为形容词性从句，是指在句中做定语，修饰名词或代词的从句，由关系词来引导。掌握定语从句的关键在于把握关系词。一般来说，关系词that 既可代表事物也可代表

22、人；which 代表事物；who 和whom 引导的从句用来修饰人；whose 修饰名词作定语；where 用来表示地点；when 表示时间；why 表示原因等。 例：The prevent and treatment of AIDS is_(我们可以合作的领域). 参考译文：a field where/ in which we can cooperate. 例：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _（他 们至今还没有答案）. 参考译文：(which/that) they have not c

23、ome up with answers to. 状语从句。状语从句是指在句子中作状语，可以修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的从句。它可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、行为方式和比较关系等。 例：Leaving ones job, (不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who lookforward to retiring. 参考译文：whatever it is/ no matter what it is. 待译部分是一个让步状语从句，应用whatever/ no matter what句型。本题也可译为what

24、ever job it is/no matter what the job is, 但因主语中已经提到job，为了避免重复，所以用it 来代替。 名词性从句。名词性从句在句子中起名词的作用，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词有（that，whether，what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，whichever，whomever，when，where，why，how，how many， how much，if，as if，asthough 等。 例：In my sixties, one change I notice is that_(我比