2013高考总复习英语语法专项训练(五)

1、语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词英语数词即表示数目多少或顺序先后英语数词即表示数目多少或顺序先后的词的词. 数词有两种数词有两种: 基数词和序数词基数词和序数词. 表示数量多少的叫基数词表示数量多少的叫基数词, 表示次序表示次序的叫序数词的叫序数词. 注意以下数词的拼写注意以下数词的拼写: 语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词one, the first；two, the second；three, the third；four, the fourth；five, the fifth；nine, the

2、 ninth；twelve, the twelfth；fifteen, the fifteenth；nineteen, the nineteenth；twenty, the twentieth；twentyone, the twentyfirst；thirty, 语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词the thirtieth；forty, the fortieth；eighty, the eightieth；ninetynine, the ninetyninth；etc.语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词考点一基数词考点一基数词1基数词的形式基数词的形式基数词中基数词中112是独立单

3、词是独立单词, 1319的基数词以后缀的基数词以后缀-teen结尾结尾, 2090八个整十位数数词以后缀八个整十位数数词以后缀-ty结尾结尾. 表示其他两位数词表示其他两位数词, 十位与个位十位与个位之间用连字符之间用连字符“-”: 语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词twenty-three, seventy-five, etc.百位数与十位数之间百位数与十位数之间, 英式英语英式英语用用and连接连接, 美式英语一般不用美式英语一般不用: three hundred and sixty-five days；eight hundred and twenty-two students, e

4、tc.2基数词的用法基数词的用法语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词用法用法例句例句作主作主语语The four of us were too frightened to say a word.Its said that thirteen is an unlucky number in the western countries.作定作定语语Fifty thousand London workers are on strike.语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词用法用法例句例句作宾语作宾语How many do you want?I want four.作表语作表语 The boy

5、is ten.作同位作同位语语They three joined the school team.作状语作状语 I hate riding two on a bike.语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词3.基数词的复数形式基数词的复数形式(1)表示确切数字时表示确切数字时, ten, hundred, thousand, million只用单数形式只用单数形式, 不能不能加加-s. (2)dozen(十二十二), score(二十二十), head(一一头头)等表示确切数字时不用复数形式等表示确切数字时不用复数形式, 但在表示不确切数字时要用复数但在表示不确切数字时要用复数: 语法专项训

6、练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词two dozen bottles of beer；dozens of times；four score and six years；scores of students(3)表示表示“几十几十”的数词的复数形式可用的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代来表示人的岁数或年代. She died in her forties.This story took place in the 1950s.语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词考点二序数词考点二序数词1序数词的形式序数词的形式规律规律例词例词(1)序数词中除了前三个序数词中除了前三个(first, seco

7、nd, third)形形式特殊以外式特殊以外, 其余都以其余都以-th结尾结尾fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth, fifth, ninth, twelfth, etc.语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词规律规律例词例词(2)以以-ty结尾的基数结尾的基数词变成序数词时词变成序数词时, 须须将将-y改为改为-ie再加再加-thtwentieth, thirtieth, eightieth, ninetieth, etc.语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词规律规律例词例词(3)两位数的基数词两位数的基数词变为序数词时变为序数词时, 只须只须将个位数变成序数将个位

8、数变成序数词词, 十位数不变十位数不变twenty-onetwenty-first；seventy-fiveseventy-fifth, etc.语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词规律规律例词例词(4)序数词的缩写序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词最后字加序数词最后两个字母构成两个字母构成first1st, second2nd, third3rd, fourth4th, thirtieth30th, etc.语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词2.序数词的基本用法序数词的基本用法规律规律例句例句(1)序数词在句中序数词在句中主要用作定语主要用作定语, 前前面要加定冠词

9、面要加定冠词theOn the first day, I followed my mothers advice and kept the door shut all the time.(2)序数词前有时序数词前有时可加不定冠词可加不定冠词a/an, 表示表示“再一再一次次, 又一又一”Well have to do it a second time. Shall I ask him an eighth time？语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词规律规律例句例句(3)序数词有时可用序数词有时可用来代替来代替“第第个个(批批)人人/物物”Shes always the first to c

10、ome and the last to leave.(4)定冠词定冠词the序序数词形容词最高数词形容词最高级级Jane is the second tallest girl in this class.语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词规律规律例句例句(5)序数词作状语序数词作状语时时, 不加定冠词不加定冠词The team ranks third in its own country. When did you last see him？(6)序数词可作主序数词可作主语、宾语语、宾语The first is better than the second.语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五

11、)数词数词规律规律例句例句(7)序序数词数词的其的其他惯他惯用法用法She is the third best student in her class. The first three pages of the book are very good.Business first and pleasure afterwards.First come, first served. Dont give it a second thought.He liked her from the first.She is second to none inspoken English in herschool

12、.语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词考点三倍数考点三倍数1倍数既可以表示增加倍数既可以表示增加, 也可以表也可以表示减少示减少, 分数也在此列；表示增加、分数也在此列；表示增加、减少时包括基数减少时包括基数, 相当于相当于“乘、除乘、除”. (1)通常说通常说“增加了增加了X倍倍”, 不包括基数不包括基数, 纯增加；若是纯增加；若是“增加到增加到X倍倍”或或“是原是原来的来的X倍倍”, 则包括基数则包括基数. 语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词The machine improves the working conditions and raises efficiency four

13、 times.这种机器改善了工作条件这种机器改善了工作条件, 提高了提高了4倍的工作效率倍的工作效率. 语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词(2)分数的构成分数的构成: 基数词序数词；基数词序数词；基数词基数词(分子分子)大于大于1时时, 序数词序数词(分母分母)用复数用复数. one third 1/3, one fifth 1/5, one twentieth 1/20, two fifths 2/5, three sevenths 3/7, five ninths 5/92倍数比较的表示法倍数比较的表示法语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词规律规律例句例句(1)倍数倍数as形容词

14、形容词/副词副词原级原级asThis material reacts three times as fast as that one.The blue box is four times as light as the yellow one.(2)倍数形容倍数形容词词/副词比较副词比较级级thanI noticed a tiger which was twice bigger than mestaring at me from the corner of my yard！语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词规律规律例句例句(3)倍数倍数the length(width等名等名词词of)Th

15、is river is twice the width of that lake.The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.(4)(times) as much (many, large, etc.)asI have half as many books as she does.语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词规律规律例句例句(5)timesthe/onesn.It is worth seven times the value.(6)increase/reduce.by倍倍数数/百分比百分比The output of steel has go

16、ne up by three times over the past ten years.语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词.单句填空单句填空用括号里适当的单词或短语完成下用括号里适当的单词或短语完成下面的句子面的句子1It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park.It was _(a three-hours, a three-hour)journey.a three-hour语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词解析解析: 考查考查“不定冠词基数词连字不定冠词基数词连字符单数名词符单数名词”的用法的用法. 连字符连

17、接的连字符连接的词作定语且其中的名词用单数词作定语且其中的名词用单数. 语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词2It is reported that the floods have left about _(two thousand, two thousands) people homeless.解析解析: hundred, thousand, million等等前面有具体的数字表达具体的数量前面有具体的数字表达具体的数量时时, 这些词不用复数这些词不用复数, 后面不加后面不加of；运；运用复数时用复数时, 后面加后面加of则表达则表达“概数概数”. two thousand语法专项训练语

18、法专项训练(五五)数词数词3Several _(million, millions)people in the world are sending information by e-mail every lion语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词4He has read _(hundred, hundreds)of books in his life.解析解析: hundred 前面没有具体数字前面没有具体数字, 后后of 应用复数应用复数, 表示表示“概数概数”. hundreds语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词5_(Two fifth, Two fifths)o

19、f the land in that district _ (is, are)covered with trees and grass.解析解析: 考查分数表达考查分数表达. 分子大于分子大于1时时, 分分母要加母要加s. 分数表示整体的一部分分数表示整体的一部分, 谓谓语用单数语用单数. Two fifthsis语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词6He did it _(one-third time, one-third the time)it took me.解析解析: 考查倍数考查倍数the名词名词. one-third the time语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词7L

20、ouise Brown, the _(worlds test-tube first baby, worlds first test-tube baby)is 70 years old now.worlds first test-tube baby语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词8I hear _ (quite a few, quite a little) boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball.解析解析: 根据后面的根据后面的“boys”

21、是可数名词是可数名词, few 修饰可数名词修饰可数名词, 故填故填quite a few. quite a few语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词9It is not rare in the _ (90,90 s) that people in their _(fifty, fifties) are going to university for further education.解析解析: 前者指年代前者指年代, 用用“the基数词的基数词的复数复数”；后者指年龄；后者指年龄, 用用“ones基数基数词的复数词的复数”. 90sfifties语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数

22、词10She went to the bookstore and bought _(dozens of books, dozen books)解析解析: dozen 意为意为“一打一打, 十二个十二个”, 与与数词连用时要用单数数词连用时要用单数, 与与 of 连用时要连用时要用复数形式用复数形式. dozens of 意为意为“若干若干, 许许许多多许多多”. dozens of books语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词.语篇填空语篇填空根据括号内的汉语提示用适当的数词根据括号内的汉语提示用适当的数词完成下面的短文完成下面的短文. Have you ever seen 1._(一个

23、一个) chimpanzee (黑猩猩黑猩猩) in a zoo？If not, better run and see one.Why？Because theyre in danger and there may soon be none left.a/one语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词Chimpanzees were once found in 2._ (许多许多) African countries.But, last week a United Nations report said that they are disappearing from some countries

24、 fast.In Senegal, for example, many/a great number of语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词there are only 3._ (二二百百) left.There used to be 4._(几千几千)Chimpanzees are also in danger in other parts of the world.Chimpanzees are a kind of great ape.There are three other kinds of great ape: gorillas,two hundredseveral thous

25、and语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词 gibbons and orangutans, which are all in danger.There are about 5._ (四十万四十万) great apes in the world.“They all face extinction, some soon, others within 6._(五十五年五十五年), ”four hundred thousandfifty-five years语法专项训练语法专项训练(五五)数词数词says Klaus Topers, head of the UN Environment programme.“Over 7._(百分之百分之九十六九十六) of great apes DNA is like ours.If