讲义1——谓语动词的形式

1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流讲义1谓语动词的形式.精品文档.2017.10.21高一第一学期讲义7本节课重点：1. 准确判断句中谓语动词的形式2. 综合题型练习Part 1 时态结构和谓语动词形式总结一、不同时态的结构1. 一般现在时(1) 主语 + do/does + 其他。(2) 主语 + be动词 (am/is/are) + 其他。(3) 主语 + 情态动词 (can/may/must/should / ought to) + do (动词原形) + 其他。2. 现在进行时主语 + be动词 (am/is/are) + doing (现在分词) + 其他。3. 一

2、般将来时主语 + will/shall / be going to + do (动词原形) + 其他。4. 将来进行时主语 + will be doing + 其他。5. 一般过去时(1) 主语 + did (过去式) + 其他。(2) 主语 + be动词(was/were) + 其他。(3) 主语 + 情态动词 (could/might/must/should / ought to) + do (动词原形) + 其他。6. 过去进行时主语 + be动词 (was/were) + doing (现在分词) + 其他。7. 现在完成时主语 + 助动词have/has + done (过去分词)

3、+ 其他。8. 现在完成进行时主语 + 助动词have/has + been + doing (现在分词) + 其他。9. 过去完成时主语 + 助动词had + done (过去分词) + 其他。10. 将来完成时主语 + will have done + 其他。二、被动语态及其用法【一】概念及构成1. 概念 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式就称为动词的主动语态；而当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式就称为动词的被动语态。 被动语态需要注意以下两点：时态和结构2. 不同时态的被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表

4、现出来的。(1) 一般现在/过去时的被动语态：am/is/are + done (一般现在时的被动语态)was/were + done (一般过去时的被动语态)(2) 现在进行时的被动语态：先考虑时态结构：am/is/are + doing再考虑语态结构：be + done am/is/are + being + done(3) 现在完成时的被动语态：先考虑时态结构：have/has + done再考虑语态结构：be + done have/has + been + done(4) 含有情态动词/助动词的被动语态：先考虑时态结构：情态动词/will/be going to + do再考虑语态结

5、构：be + done 情态动词/will/be going to + be + done【二】学习被动语态时需要注意以下考点。考点一：表示发生的词不能用于被动语态come true，consist of，take place，happen，belong，break out，例如：Great changes have taken place in my hometown.A big earthquake has happened in Chile this year.考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义，而且常与well, easily等副词连用。这些动词有wash，sell，write等，

6、例如：The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。考点三：连系动词不能用于被动语态，常见的有表示感官的连系动词（taste，smell，look，feel，sound）和表示变化的连系动词（become，turn，get，go，grow），例如：The coat feels soft.三、谓语动词形式总结 句子的时态体现在谓语动词的不同形式，综合分析不同时态的结构可以得出谓语动词的形式主要有以下几类：1. 动词原形：do2. 动词的第三人称单数形式：does3. 动词的过去式：did4. be动词：am/is/are；was/were5. 含情态动词的谓语形式：can/may/mu

7、st/should / ought to + do could/might/must/should / ought to + do6. 完成时态中的谓语形式：have/has/had + done have/has + been + doing will have done7. 被动语态中的谓语形式：am/is/are + done；was/were + done am/is/are + being + done；was/were + being + done have/has/had + been + donePart 2 S1A能力提升练习7II. Grammar and Vocabula

8、rySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A) Last Augu

9、st Susan and forty-two other students got wet and dirty while removing six tons of garbage (25) _ the river running across their city. (26) _ cleaned up the river as part of a weeklong environmental camp. Like one in three American rivers, this river is so polluted that its unsafe for swimming or fi

10、shing. Still, Susan, (27) _ has just completed her third summer camp on the river cleanup, sees a change in this river. “Since we started three years ago, the river is getting a lot (28) _ (clean),” she says. Environmental scientists praise the teenagers for removing garbage (29) _ can harm wild lif

11、e. Water birds, for example, can die of plastic bottle rings and get cut by tiny metals. Three years ago, when the cleanup started, garbage was everywhere. But this year the teenagers can row their boats fast. By the end of the six-hour cleanup, they (30) _ (remove) enough garbage to fill more than

12、two large trucks. “(31) _ (see) all that garbage in the river makes people begin to care about environmental issues,” Susan says. She hopes that when others read that, she and her peers care enough (32) _ (clean) it up, maybe they would think twice before they throw garbage into the river.(B) Dave F

13、uss lost his job (33) _ (drive) a truck for a small company in west Michigan. His wife, Gerrie, was still working in the local school cafeteria, and the price of everything was rising. The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years. Then Dave a

14、nd Gerrie received a timely gift - $7,000, a legacy (遗产) from their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch, who died in (34) _ accident. “It really made a difference (35) _ we were going under financially.” says Dave. But the Fusses werent the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive

15、 unexpected legacy from the Hatches. Dozens of other families (36) _ (touch) by the Hatches generosity. In some cases, it was a few thousand dollars; in others, it was more than $100,000. It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than $ 3 million they were an elderly coup

16、le who lived in an old house on (37) _ was left of the family farm. (38) _ _ the financial crisis, Ish and Arlene developed the habit of saving. They were fond of comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store, (39) _ (check) prices before making a new purchase. Through the years, th

17、e Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents (40) _ not afford it. “Ish and Arlene never asked whether you needed anything,” says their friend Sand Van Weelden, “They could see the things they could do to make you happier, and they would do them.”Section BDirections: Co

18、mplete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. cultivationB. farmedC. constantD. machineryE. plungedF. lightningG. envyH. preciousI. uncomfortableJ. aircraftK. consequence Modern inventions have speeded u

19、p peoples loves amazingly. Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour, _41_ cross the world inside a day, while computers operate at _42_ speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boasts of sa

20、ving _43_ seconds in handling tasks. All this saves time, but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the _44_ feeling known as jet-lag; our bodies feel that they have been left behind on another time zone. Again, spendin

21、g too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers. Mobile phones also have their dangers, according to some scientists; too much use may send harmful radiation into our brains, a _45_ we do not like to think about. However, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax,

22、or so it seems. We are so accustomed to _46_ activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world. There was a time when some pe

23、oples lives were devoted simply to the _47_ of the land or the care of cattle. No multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might _48_ a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestor fa

24、ced: they _49_ with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modern _50_ has freed people from that primitive (原始的) existence.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,

25、 B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Its believed that intelligent people are better at learning languages. Most language learning skills, _51_, are habits, which can be formed through a bit of discipline and self-awareness. But, some of them are not go

26、od enough. Here are the three most common _52_ language learners make and how to correct them. Not listening enough Theres a school of language-teaching experts that believe language learning _53_ a “silent period”. Just as babies learn to produce language by hearing and parroting sounds, language l

27、earners need to practise listening in order to learn. This can develop learned vocabulary and structures, and help learners see patterns in language. Listening is the communicative skill we use most in daily life, but it can be _54_ to practise unless you live in a foreign country or attend language

28、 classes. The solution? Find music, podcasts, TV shows and movies in the _55_ language, and listen, listen, listen, as often as possible. A single method Some learners are most comfortable with the listen-and-repeat drills of a language lab. Some need a grammar textbook to _56_ a foreign tongue. Eac

29、h of these approaches is fine, but its a mistake to rely on only one. Language learners who use _57_ methods get to practise different skills and see concepts explained in different ways. Whats more, the _58_ can keep them from working in a situation that never changes. When choosing a class, learne

30、rs should seek a course that _59_ the four language skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking). For self-study, try a _60_ of textbooks, audio lessons, and language learning apps. _61_ It doesnt matter how well a person can write in foreign script, or finish a vocabulary test. To learn, impro

31、ve, and truly use our language, we need to speak. This is the stage when language students should calm down, and feelings of _62_ or insecurity hinder (阻碍) all their hard work. In Eastern cultures where saving face is a strong social value, EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of

32、 studying English, simply will not speak it. Theyre too _63_ making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would _64_ them. The key is that those mistakes help language learners by showing them the limits of language, and correcting errors _65_ they become deep-rooted. The mor

33、e learners speak and practise, the more quickly they improve.51. A. howeverB. moreoverC. furthermoreD. therefore52. A. successesB. wondersC. mistakesD. contributions53. A. picks upB. begins withC. takes upD. meets with54. A. efficientB. difficultC. easyD. ideal55. A. nationalB. officialC. signD. tar

34、get56. A. make sense ofB. make use ofC. make profit ofD. make fun of57. A. commonB. educationalC. permanentD. multiple58. A. varietyB. changeC. improvementD. alternative59. A. postponesB. lacksC. assessesD. practises60. A. selectionB. preferenceC. combinationD. replacement61. A. ComplaintsB. FearC.

35、SecureD. Diligence62. A. humorB. shynessC. achievementsD. laughter63. A. confident inB. comfortable withC. keen onD. afraid of64. A. amuseB. informC. remindD. embarrass65. A. ifB. beforeC. in caseD. so thatSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several qu

36、estions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Miscioscio, 60, a marketing consultant in Pearl River, N.Y., says shes addicted to her Sony e-reader.

37、She buys or borrows a print book only when its not available digitally. Miscioscio says most of her friends and relatives have also switched to e-books for the convenience and lower prices. Last winter, she notes, she vacationed in Costa Rica and says “at least 75% of those reading were reading elec

38、tronically. I was shocked to see people taking their e-readers onto the loungers (躺椅) in the pool.”Meier, 43, a marketing director in Beaver Falls, prefers her books on paper, not screens. After working on a computer all day, she says, “I want a book in my hand. Turning over its pages is my way of k

39、nowing its time to relax and slow down.” Meier, whos sticking with physical books, doesnt consider herself any kind of digital “resister.” “Im comfortable with all forms of technology,” she says. “However, when it comes to books, I suppose Im a traditionalist. My preference will always be the real t

40、hing.”To her, part of the joy of reading is the book itself: “pulling it from the shelf, inspecting the cover, letting it fall open to a random page.”Both have lots of company. Statistics show that e-book sales grew 43% last year, but thats a slowdown compared with the triple-digit increases in rece

41、nt years. E-books remain the fastest-growing part of the book market but account for only about 20% of all sales, reported by publishers.Miscioscio and Meier are at opposite ends of a book business in transition. Even though e-book sales have grown more than 4,000% since 2008, its unlikely that phys

42、ical books will disappear the way records did in the music industry.66. Miscioscio will _ when a book is not available digitally.A. buy the book on paperB. switch to the book of lower priceC. take an e-reader onto the loungersD. give up reading such kind of books67. According to Meier, her “preferen

43、ce” refers to _.A. an e-bookB. part of joyC. a random pageD. a physical book68. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Records are unlikely to disappear in the music industry.B. Miscioscio and Meier are two opponents in book business.C. Physical books will remain to be accepted to some people.

44、D. The market share of e-books is bigger than that of paper books.69. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. E-books will dominate the book industry eventually.B. Readers go their own way in choosing books.C. New technology brings more benefits for readers.D. Physical books will disappear grad

45、ually in the future.(B)Welcome you toGRAND CANYON WESTwith Meal25/12/2013NON REFUNDABLE ALL SALES ARE FINAL Grand Canyon West (GCW) (美国西部大峡谷) is owned by the Hualapai Tribe (Tribe) and operated by Hwal Bay Baj Enterprises, Inc, dba Grand Canyon Resort Corporation (GCRC). You assume all risk and dang

46、er that happens in your visit. Directors, officers and employees are not responsible for any injuries, damages and liabilities, theft, or loss of any kind. Upon entering onto the Tribes land and the Colorado River, you have agreed to obey all the laws and customs, and waived (放弃) all claims arising

47、from the use of this ticket or your visit. Dated tickets are officially acceptable only on the date(s) printed above. This ticket is non-refundable. You will not use any photographs (including film, still, video or otherwise) of the Tribes land (including the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, and Skywal

48、k), directly or indirectly, for profit (including in any advertisement, news or publication), without first obtaining the necessary written approvals and permits. Management reserves all rights.Get your FREE visitationcertificate in theTerminal Gift Shop70. Where is the passage probably taken from?A

49、. A visiting ticket.B. A promotion advertisement.C. A geography book.D. A science fiction film.71. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. You can get the money back if you give up the trip.B. You neednt pay money for your meal that day.C. Officers from GCRC will bear responsibility if you get

50、hurt.D. You are sure to be familiar with all the laws and customs there.72. The word “liabilities” can be understood as “_”.A. traditional customsB. the amounts of debtC. trouble makersD. legal responsibilities73. The photographs taken in Grand Canyon West can be used if _.A. you advertise them for

51、a company indirectlyB. they are not for business and obtain formal approvalsC. you pay for the rights to the local governmentD. they are used for the latest publication(C) Moocs (massive open online courses) are free, but without tutoring, and are open to anyone, anywhere in the world. The courses a

52、re flexible normally three to five hours of study a week done at any time, short (5 to 10 weeks) and video-rich. They are also heavily dependent on crowd sourcing: you can discuss a course with fellow students through online forums, discussion boards and peer review. Students dont have to finish the

53、 courses, pass assessments or do assignments, but, if they do, they get a certification of participation. The Open University launched FutureLearn, the UKs answer to US platforms such as Coursera, EdX and Udacity, which have been offering Moocs from top US universities for the past two years. The re

54、sponse has been incredible, with more than three million people registering worldwide. Meanwhile, in 2012, Edinburgh University became the first non-US institution to join Courseras partnership, comprising 13 universities. “We already run 50 online masters degrees, so this was a logical expansion,”

55、says Professor Jeff Haywood, Edinburghs vice-principal. “Its an investment in teaching methods research. How am I going to teach introductory philosophy to 100,000 people? Thats what I call educational R&D.” He adds, “If you look ahead 10 years, youd expect all students graduating to have taken

56、some online courses, so youve got to research that. Our Moocs are no more in competition with our degrees than a lifelong learning course because they dont carry credits.” Cooperation is key, Haywood stresses. It is far better to offer 20-30 courses in your own areas of expertise (专门技能) and let other institutions do likewise. Professor Mike Sharples, FutureLearns academic lead, goes further: “Weve tied the elements available before into a package of courses offered by leading universities worldwide on a new software platform, with a new way of promo