外研社必修4module

1、Module4 Great Scientists重点单词1.quantity n.数量 观察思考 The printing firm buys papers in quantities.那家印刷公司成批买纸。 Great quantities of fish are caught at this time every year.= A great quantity of fish is caught at this time every year.每年这个时候都捕获大量的鱼。It was a bad year for films, in terms of both quantity and q

2、uality.今年的电影无论从数量上还是质量上都说不上好。 归纳拓展a quantity of 许多;大量quantities of许多;大量in large quantities 大量地in quantity大量地in large amount大量地注意 a quantity of和quantities of既可修饰可数名词复数,也可修饰不可数名词;其作主语时,a quantity of+名词,谓语动词应视名词的具体情况而定,即:跟可数复数应用复数动词,跟不可数时应用单数动词;后者用复数,即和quantity一致。 活学活用As a result of the earthquake, a l

3、arge _ of earth _ blocked several rivers there.A.number;has B.quantity;has C.number;have D.quantity;have 解析 a number of 只修饰可数名词复数形式,而earth是不可数名词,故选B项。 2.brief adj.简短的;简洁的;短暂的 His book A Brief History of Time was published in 1988 and is still a best seller.他的书时间发展简史于1988年出版, 而且现在还是畅销书。 观察思考 Could I

4、have a brief word with you, sir?先生,我能和你说几句话吗？ In brief, we should invest heavily in digital system.简而言之,我们应该对数字化系统大量投资。 归纳拓展in brief简单地说to be brief简单地说,一句话(用作插入语)be brief with sb.简单地和某人说几句话易混辨异in brief/in short(1)in brief “简单地说”,着重于重点突出,不拖泥带水。(2)in short“总之”,多用来指在较长的叙述后,长话短说,带有“综上所述”的意思。活学活用He stood

5、 up and made a _ speech, short but to the point.A.simple B.brief C.easy D.dull 解析 根据句中的short but to the point知应用 brief表示“简短的”。 3.escape n.& v.逃跑;逃脱;逃避 The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.中国人发现从竹筒里漏出的气体可以使其飞向空中。 观察思考 The party was boringwe couldnt

6、 wait to make our escape. 聚会很无聊,我们迫不及待地要溜走。 Four prisoners who escaped from the jail in Mongolia have been caught. 从内蒙古监狱逃出的四名罪犯已经被抓住。The dog escaped through/from the back window of the bus.狗从公共汽车的后窗逃走了。归纳拓展make ones escape逃跑have a narrow escape九死一生a fire escape紧急出口;安全门have ones escape cut off被切断逃路e

7、scape (doing) sth.逃脱(做)某事escape from (out of)+sp.从逃脱/逃走escape from reality逃避现实 escape后常接动名词作宾语。 易混辨异escape/escape from/flee三者都含有“逃,逃跑”的意思,但侧重点有所不同。(1)escape强调“逃避,逃脱(不愉快的事)”,含有成功逃脱的意味,这个意义不用被动式。(2)escape from指“从(监禁,管制中)逃脱,逃走” 或是指“(气体,液体等)漏出,泄漏”,也含有成功逃 脱的意味。(3)flee“逃离”,不表示逃跑的结果成功与否。 活学活用How did your f

8、ather deal with you?We were lucky to _ being punished.A.admit B.escape C.consider D.stop 解析 根据语境知是“幸运地逃过了惩罚”,故用 escape doing sth.。 4.clear v.(烟雾等)消散;清除;adj.易懂的;明白的 When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.当烟散去时,万虎和椅子都不见 了。 观察思考 After supper, my younger brother often helps mother c

9、lear away the dishes. 晚饭后,弟弟经常帮母亲收拾碟子。 They cleared up the misunderstanding and made up.他们消除了误会,和好了。I made it clear to him that I rejected his proposal.我清楚地告诉他我拒绝了他的建议。We spent all Saturday morning cleaning up.我们整个星期六上午都在打扫卫生。 归纳拓展clear away把清除掉;收拾clear up整理,收拾;天气放晴;消除(疑虑,误会等)clear off迅速逃离clear out除

10、掉;整理clear ones throat清嗓子make.clear讲清楚;弄明白 易混辨异clear/clean二者都含有“使干净”的意思,为同义词。(1)clear adj. clear water清澈的水;v. clear the table收拾桌子(除去不必要的东西)。(2)clean adj. clean water干净的水;v. clean the table擦干净桌子。活学活用The mystery was _ when he admitted he had been there all the time.A.cleared out B.cleared awayC.cleared

11、 up D.cleared off解析 clear up消除(疑虑,误会等)；clear out除掉；整理;clear away把清除掉；clear off迅 速逃离。 重点短语与句型5.bring in请来;引进;赚钱;收割庄稼 Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system. 全国的研究者都被召集来开发这个新的体系。 观察思考 Theyve brought in experts to advise on the project.他们已请来专家对该项目提供意见。 They have broug

12、ht in some advanced equipment.他们引进了一些先进设备。He was out all day in the rain yesterday and this brought on/about a bad cold.他昨天一整天都在外面淋雨,因此患了重感冒。 归纳拓展bring on导致,促成;使发展/进步bring out阐释;出版(书籍等);发挥bring up教育;养育;提出;呕吐bring about引起;导致bring back归还;使记起;使恢复bring down使落下 活学活用(1)His idea of having weekly family mea

13、ls together,which seemed difficult at first, has _ many good changes in their lives.A.got through B.resulted fromC.turned into D.brought about解析 句意为:他的每周一次的家庭团聚的主意,一 开始似乎困难,但现在已给他们的生活带来了巨大变化。get through通过,完成;result from (作为原因)产生,发生;turn into变成;bring about导致。 (2)The policeman _ a thief caught _ in th

14、e supermarket.A.brought up;stealing B.brought in;stealing C.brought out;stolen D.brought on;stolen 解析 bring in带进来;catch sb.doing sth.抓住某人在做某事。 6aaae to/into power (开始)掌权;上台 Albert Einstein left Germany when Hitler came to power and went to work in the US. 当希特勒上台后,爱因斯坦离开德国到美国工作。 观察思考 The masses put t

15、he Labor Party into power.群众让工党上台执政。 The communists seized/took power in 1962.在1962年共产党取得政权。 归纳拓展in ones power为某人力所能及in power当权的,掌权的beyond ones power力所不能及within ones power力所能及do all in ones power尽力,竭尽全力fall from power下野,下台take/seize power夺取政权o power使执政;使上台活学活用Which political party _ in France

16、 currently?A.came to power Baaaes into powerC.is in power D.was put into power解析 由时间状语currently知表示“目前,法国哪 个政党当权？”,故C项正确。 7.Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.它的产量比巴基斯坦所种植的其他水稻的产量都要高很多。 句式分析 本句是一个用much修饰比较级的句型。much修饰比较级,意为“得多”。修饰比较级的常见词还有:a little, a bit

17、, a lot, rather, by far, far, even, still, any, no等。 She is feeling a lot better today.今天她感觉好多了。The patient looked still worse today than yesterday.病人看上去比昨天状态更差。She speaks English far better than her classmates.她比她的同学们英语说得好。 活学活用(1)What did you think of your visit to the museum? I thoroughly enjoyed

18、 it.It was _ than I expected. A.some more interesting B.a lot interesting C.far more interesting D.even much interesting 解析 由空后的than知应用比较级,而some不能用来修饰比较级,far则可以。 (2)After several yearsresearch, scientists now have a _ better understanding of the HIV. A.very B.far C.fairly D.quite 解析 far better under

19、standing更好的理解。 8.Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the worlds first astronaut? 或者他被带到数英里的太空,成为世界上第一 个宇航员？句式分析 句中的becoming the worlds first astronaut是现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语 常表示一种自然结果或意料之中的结果。 He beat all the other players, winning the first award.他击败了所有其他的选手,获得了一等奖。The fire lasted nearly a

20、week, leaving nothing valuable.大火持续了近一周,没剩下什么值钱的东西。 归纳拓展不定式也可以充当结果状语,往往指意料之外的或偶然的结果,特别是和only连用时。He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起了石头,结果砸了自己的脚。 活学活用Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,_ record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.A.have reached B.reaching C.to

21、reach D.to be reaching解析 reaching短语作结果状语。 9.2/3 of the worlds population regularly eat rice.世界人口中有三分之二的人经常吃大米。观察思考 Three quarters of the workers are young.工人中的四分之三都是青年人。 Two thirds of the earths surface is covered by water.地球表面的三分之二被水覆盖。归纳拓展(1)分数或百分数修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由名词决定。若是不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;若主语是可数

22、名词复数,则谓语动词要用复数。(2)表达分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于一时,分母的序数词加s。one/a half二分之一one fourth/a quarter四分之一one fifth五分之一four fifths五分之四three fourths/three quarters四分之三 活学活用Dr.Smith,together with his wifeand daughters, _ visit Beijing this summer.A.is going to B.are going toC.was going to D.were going to解析 当主语后出现to

23、gether with/as well as等介词短语时,谓语动词的数与介词短语前的主语保持 一致,故可排除B、D两项;根据时间状语this summer可知应用一般将来时态。 高考链接【例1】A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little men. (福建高考) A.under B.with C.on D.by 解析 句意为:伟人通过他对待小人物的方式显出其伟大。四个选项中,只有by能表示“通过方式”。 【例2】Did the book give the information you needed? Yes.But _

24、it,I had to read the entire book. (北京高考) A.to find B.find C.to be finding D.finding 解析 空格处所在的句子句意为:是的,但是为了找到它,我不得不阅读了整本书。表示目的要用动 词不定式形式。由于不表示正在进行,故不用进行时态。 【例3】The government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. (江西高考) A.forced B.forcin

25、g C.to be forced D.having forced 解析 force所表示的动作和其逻辑上的主语the new laws之间是主动关系,故可排除A和C;又因为force表示的动作和谓语动词plans是同时发生的, 所以用现在分词形式。【例4】The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. (江西高考) A.in it B.in C.in that D.in which 解析 分析句子结构可知house后面有一个限制性定语从句,而且定语从句的引导词已经省略，那么该引导词一定在

26、定语从句中作宾语,所以此空中要填介词in,且其后不能再有宾语。 【例5】It is often _ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. (全国高考) A.said B.to say C.saying D.being said 解析 句意为：经常听人说人类天生有说话的能力。It is said that.为固定句式，意为“据 说”。 课后练习1._ from Columbia University,Obama went to Harvard University for further study. A.Graduating B.

27、Graduated C.Having graduated D.Having been graduated 解析 句意为:从哥伦比亚大学毕业后,奥巴马去了哈佛大学继续深造。graduate的逻辑主语是 Obama,为主动式,因此排除B、D两项,又因毕业发生在前,因此应选用完成式。 2.Why was John arrested by the police? It is said that _ drugs were discovered hidden in his house. A.a great amount of B.a plenty of C.a large quantity D.quant

28、ities of 解析 当“a quantity of+n.”或“quantities of+n.”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数和quantity 一致。A项只修饰不可数名词;B项应用plenty of, 谓语动词的单复数和名词一致,故选D项。 3.If immigrants are given the right to stay in Britain，some say it would _ up to 1 billion in extra tax revenue. A.bring in B.bring about C.bring up D.bring out 解析 bring in赚得(钱);

29、bring about引起,造成;bring up抚养;bring out拿出。 4.In the end,the _ prisoner was caught in the desert. A.escape B.escaping C.escaped D.escapes 解析 escaped作定语修饰prisoner,表示动作完成,即“已经逃掉的罪犯”。 5.The old lady came in,_ herself with a walking stick. A.raising B.supporting C.lifting D.rising 解析 考查动词辨析。raise举起,升高;supp

30、ort 支撑;支持;lift举起;rise升起。句意为:老妇人 拄着拐杖进来了。 6.He didnt pass the exam _ his long absence from school. A.as a result B.after all C.as a result of D.because 解析 分析句子知空处需一个表示原因的介词,即C项正确。7.The survey shows that driving under the influence of alcohol _ many traffic accidents. A.results from B.brings out C.ans

31、wers for D.leads to 解析 句意为:研究表明，酒后开车会导致很多的交通事故。lead to导致;result from由于;bring out生产;拿出;answer for得到的报应。 8.At the sight of her mother,the surprise in her face was _ by joy. A.taken place B.replaced C.in place of D.instead of 解析 replace替代;take place发生;in place of代替;instead of代替。但句中空处需一个动词的过去分词。 9.Mr. Wang has written some short plays,but he is better known _ his paintings. A.for B.as C.to D.with 解析 be known for以而出名,为固定搭配。be known as作为而出名,as后常接表示职业 的名词。 10.The fox was lucky enough to escape _ the hunter. A.from B.catching C.from catching D.being caught 解析