1819 Unit 3 Section Ⅲ　Grammar——被动语态

1、Section Grammar被动语态语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句后自主感悟1.Both the headsets and the gloves are connected to a computer network in the VR studio.2.In one case，a teenager who was afraid of talking and playing with his schoolmates was treated with VR.3.To achieve this，special VR headsets are designed to allow the use

2、rs to see in 3­D and hear the sound all around them.4.Engineers can enter the design of a neighbourhood into a computer，and then use VR to“walk”around the neighbourhood，see how it looks and make changes before construction is carried out.5.Besides this，VR can be used to practise skills in a sec

3、ure environment that otherwise would be quite dangerous.6.However，with VR we are able to do things that could never be achieved in real life.1.在被动语态的句子中主语是动作的承受者。2.在被动语态的句子中谓语的基本构成形式为：助动词be及物动词的过去分词。3.在被动语态的句子中谓语可以有各种时态或含有情态动词。 语 法 精 要 点 拨一、语态的概念英语中动词有主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)之分。如果主语是动作

4、或状态的发出者，动词就用主动语态；如果主语是动作或状态的承受者，动词就用被动语态。Our English teacher encouraged Mary.我们英语老师鼓励了玛丽。Mary was encouraged by our English teacher.玛丽受到了我们英语老师的鼓励。上面第一句中的动词encouraged是主动语态；第二句中的动词was encouraged是被动语态。二、被动语态的基本构成形式被动语态的基本结构是：“助动词be/get及物动词的过去分词”。被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化，以动词take为例，其常见时态的被动形式如下表：一般现在时am/is/are

5、taken一般过去时was/were taken现在进行时am/is/arebeing taken过去进行时was/werebeing taken现在完成时have/hasbeen taken过去完成时had beentaken一般将来时will/shallbe taken过去将来时would/shouldbe takenThe disabled are respected in our country.残疾人在我们国家受到尊敬。Tom's legs were badly injured in an accident last year.在去年的一次事故中，汤姆的双腿严重受伤。A pr

6、esentation will be given on the new products.将会有一场关于新产品的介绍会。Besides，many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats.此外，大量的海洋生物正被捕捞船赶尽杀绝。The advantages and disadvantages of this machine were being discussed when I went into the meeting room.当我走进会议室的时候，这台机器的优缺点正在被讨论。The news would be sent to t

7、he soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.那个消息一到就会被传达给那个士兵的妈妈。Over the years several similar theories have been put forward.几年来已经有好几个类似理论相继被提出。But to our surprise，the next morning，we were told that the money had been stolen.但令我们吃惊的是，第二天早上，我们被告知那些钱被偷了。即时训练1用所给词的适当形式填空I was given(give)a new book o

8、n my last birthday.The room had been cleaned(clean)before we came.The physics lesson will be taught (teach)in the lab tomorrow.The flowers are being watered(water)by them now.The giant panda is loved(love)by people throughout the world.We won't start the work until all the preparationshave been

9、made(make)三、被动语态的特殊结构形式1情态动词(may，might，can，could，should，ought to，must)be过去分词，构成被动语态。Nowadays，solar energy can be used to produce electricity in many countries.现在太阳能在许多国家可以被用来发电。A real sense of achievement and happiness may be felt.一种真正的成就感和幸福感可以被感觉到。The pollution must be stopped.必须停止污染。2使役动词和感官动词的被动

10、语态(1)在使役动词have，make，get以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加上to。get，leave，cause等使役动词的宾语补足语是带to的不定式，变为被动语态时该不定式不变。My father made me stay up late to finish my homework.(表示主动)I was made to stay up late to finish my homework by my father.(表示被动)(2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用

11、于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday.He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.他妈妈送给他一份生日礼物。3短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉它后面搭配的介词或副词。It is said that a new railway station will be set up in my hometown.据说一个新的火车站将在我的家乡建起来。The baby i

12、s being taken care of by his grandmother.这个婴儿正由他祖母照顾。Such a strange story has never been heard of.这样奇怪的事情还从没有听说过。即时训练2句型转换(每空一词)Teachers can use RealCine in the classroom.RealCine can be used in the classroom by teachers.You needn't do it now.It needn't be done(by you)now.I didn't notice

13、 her enter the office.She wasn't noticed to enter the office.Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.A stranger was seen to walk into the building.My sister gave me a big cake.I was given a big cake by my sister.We should make good use of every chance.Every chance should be made good use o

14、f四、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题1主动形式表示被动意义(1)当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等系动词后面接形 容词/名词构成系表结构时；当cut，read，sell，wear, write，wash，cook，shut，dry，drink等表示某种属性且带有修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、运动”等意义时。The fish smells good.鱼闻起来很香。The book written by that famous writer sells very well.那位著名作家写的书很畅销。(实际上是被卖得畅销)Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很柔软

15、。These cups clean easily.这些杯子很容易洗。The museum doesn't open on Monday.博物馆星期一不开放。名师点津下面的短语经常使用主动语态：come out，come into being，go off，run out，give out，give in。(2)want，require，need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，或用不定式的被动形式。These flowers want/require/need watering/to be watered.这些花需要浇水。(3)“beadj.to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主

16、语，用主动形式表示被动含义。He isn't easy to get along with.他不容易相处。即时训练3翻译句子我的房子需要修理了。My house needs repairing/to be repaired.老年人需要细心照料。The old require looking after carefully.这个问题容易回答。This question is easy to answer.这个包背起来很重。The bag is very heavy to carry.2含被动语态的句型及其转换“It is过去分词that从句”这一句型的常见形式有：It is believ

17、ed that.人们相信It is said that.据说It is hoped that.人们希望It is thought that.人们认为It is reported that.据报道It is(well)known that.众所周知It is supposed/considered that.人们认为It is agreed that.人们一致同意It is judged that.据判断It is proved that.据证实It is estimated that.据估计It is believed that he has been working hard.大家相信他一直

18、努力工作。It is reported that he has been driving while drunk.据报道，他醉酒驾车。名师点津以上句式大多数可转换为Sb./Sth.is said/believed/thought/reported to.句型。It is said that she is the richest woman in the city.She is said to be the richest woman in the city.据说她是这个城市里最富有的女人。即时训练4句型转换(每空一词)People say you are a real hero.You are

19、 said to be a real hero. It is said that you are a real hero.People said Edison had invented the first light.Edison was said to have invented the first light. It was said that Edison had invented the first light.3被动语态和系表结构的区别“动词be过去分词”可能是被动语态，也可能是系表结构，其区别是：被动语态表示动作，句子主语是动作的承受者；系表结构说明主语所处的状态，过去分词相当于形

20、容词。The cup was broken by my brother.(被动语态)这个茶杯是被我弟弟打碎的。The cup is broken.(系表结构)这个茶杯破了。即时训练5判断下列句子属于A(系表结构)还是B(被动语态)The gate of the garden was locked by the girl. The gate of the garden was locked. I am interested in computer studies. The old man was surrounded by the children. This picture was drawn

21、 long ago. 【答案】BAABB语 法 应 用 落 实.语境填词根据语境在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1They are going to be sent (send)to work in Tibet for two years.2Do you have any problems if you are offered(offer)this job?Well，I'm thinking about the salary.3Though we don't know what was being discussed，yet we can feel the t

22、opic has been changed (change). 【导学号：52352020】4Much progress is being made (make)in China with the help of the people's hard work.5Nowadays，more new technologies are being applied (apply)in the field of IT.6The shop assistant was dismissed as she was accused (accuse)of cheating customers.7You ar

23、e not allowed to go into the meeting room.A secret plan is being discussed (discuss)there.8The surface of this table feels so smooth.I think it is well worth buying (buy)9The manager was happy to learn that four­fifths of the tickets had been booked (book)10When and where to go for the on­

24、salary holiday hasn't been decided (not decide)yet.把下列句子变为被动语态1People use a great deal of water in this city.A great deal of water is used in this city.2Can I answer this question in simple English?Can this question be answered in simple English?3You should pay more attention to your table manners