专四语法易错题整理

1、1. A lot of traffic accidents from carelessness.A) arouseB) ariseC) raiseD) rise【答案】B【译文】许多的交通事故是由疏忽大意引起的。【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考试掌握几个形似，意似的词语的差别。【详细解答】arouse指唤起，引起；arise(from)指发生，起因于；raise是及物动词指提高，饲养；rise是不及物动词，指升起。2. The teacher me for disobedience.A) called .down B) called.upon C) calledoffD) calledout【答

2、案】A【译文】因我不听话，老师训斥了我【试题分析】短语辨义题，要求考生掌握几个跟call组成短语的意思。【详细解答】call down指挑剔、找麻烦，斥责；call upon指命令；要求；call。仟指取消；call out指召集使集中；召唤。3. He criticized everything and everybody, and even his teachers.A) ran overB) ran down C) ran againstD) ran into【答案】B【译文】他批评所有的事，所有的人，甚至还诋毁自己的老师。【试题分析】短语辨析题。【详细解答】run.over指撞到，碾过

3、；run.down指批评，贬低；run.against指违反，偶遇；o指进入，偶遇。4. In this experiment, they are wakened several times during the night, and asked toreport what they.A) had been dreaming B) have been dreaming C) are dreaming D) had dreamt【答案】B【译文】在实验期间，他们被叫醒几次，报告他们刚刚梦到了什么。【试题分析】语法题，要求考生掌握现在完成进行时的用法。【详细解答】此句要求用现在完成进

4、行时，表示一直进行到现在的动作。5. Frequent cultural exchange will certainly help friendly relations between our twouniversities.A) foster B) utilize C) cherish D) raisea)【答案】A【译文】经常的文化交流肯定有助于发展我们两校之间的友好关系。【试题分析】词语辨析题，要求考生掌握几个动词的意思和运用。【详细解答】foster指培养，助长；utilize指运用，利用；cherish指珍爱，怀抱(希 望)；raise指提高，饲养。6. I'm afraid

5、 I will have to her invitation to the party.A) refuse B) refute C) ignore D) decline a)【答案】Db)【译文】我恐怕不得不谢绝她的晚会邀请。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】decline意为 婉谢，谢绝”，指对别人的邀请、帮助等比较委婉地回绝。refuse意为拒 绝”，指对别人的要求、请求等比较直率的，有时比较不客气的拒绝。refute意为驳斥，反驳。ignore意为 忽视，忽略，不7. He can 't start the car because the battery has.A） run

6、upB） run down C） run overD） run off【答案】B【译文】由于电池耗尽了，他的汽车发动不了。【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。【详细解答】run down意为“（动力等）耗尽；（身体）衰弱，疲乏；（钟表）停了，（使） 失灵”。run up意为 升起（旗帜）；欠下（钱财）"。run over意为 撞倒，辗过“。run off 意为撵走，吓跑”。8. Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for we need to have factual knowledge ourthinking.A） upo

7、n which to base B） which to base upon C） which to be based on D） to base on which【答案】A【译文】如果没有事实依据，我们就不能形成正确的主张，因为我们要把想法建立在事实的基础上。【试题分析】介词+关系代词+不定式作后置定语。【详细解答】此句需要一个后置定语来修饰factual knowledge ,根据句意应是baseourthinking （upon） on factual knowledge ,因此应使用 介词+关系代词+不定式 ”的结 构作后置定语。D) didn 't speak9. I'

8、d rather you so rudely to her.A) don't speak B) won 't speakC) should not speak【答案】D【译文】我宁愿你不对她这么无礼。【试题分析】would rather后宾语从句的虚拟语气。【详细解答】would rather表示愿望，后接的宾语从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气。表示 与现在事实相反的愿望时，用过去时；表示与过去事实相反的愿望时，用过去完成时。10. Today many kinds of electrical are available, which has made housework muchea

9、sier than before.A) facilities B) appliances C) instruments D) equipment 【答案】B【译文】如今可供使用的电器很多，这使得做家务事比以前容易多了。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】appliance 意为 器具，器械"，electrical appliance 意为 电器"。facility 意为设备，设施 instrument意为仪器”，尤指用于精致工作的工具或仪器。equipment 意为 设备，装备 ”。11. I'm afraid I can 't you; you '

10、ll have to go to a hotel.A) put .up B) pick . up C) pull . up D) wake . up【答案】A【译文】恐怕我不能给你提供住处，你得去住旅馆。【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。【详细解答】put . up意为 留住宿；举起；搭建“。pick . up 意为 拾起，拿 起；学会，学到"。pull . up意为 使(车子)停下"。wake . up意为 叫醒”。12. We must try our best to lower the cost of our products. Otherwise the high cos

11、t willour profit.A) cut offB) cut in C) cut short D) cut into【答案】D【译文】我们必须全力降低产品的成本，否则高成本将使利润大打折扣。【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。【详细解答】cut into意为 减少，降低；插嘴，打断 "。cut off意为 切断；隔绝，挡 住；切下来”。cut in意为插嘴，夹塞"。cut short意为打断(谈话)，中断(活动)”。13. American women were the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard str

12、uggle.A) ignoredB) neglected C) deniedD) refused【答案】C【译文】美国妇女很长时间都未被赋予选举的权利，经过多年的斗争，直到 1920年 她们才争取到了这一权利。【试题分析】同义词语辨析题。【详细解答】deny sb. sth.表示拒绝给予 "。ignore意为忽视，忽略，不理睬”。neglect意为疏忽，忽视"。refuse意为拒绝”。14. The factory has several workers because of the drop in sales.A) laid off B) laid out C) laid

13、 asideD) laid down【答案】A【译文】由于销售量下降，这家工厂已经解雇了一些工人。【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。【详细解答】lay off意为解雇“。lay out意为设计，布局；花费，使用“。lay aside意为“放在一边"。lay down意为 放下；规定，说明15. so few people in the street was unusual.A) For there to be B) As there to be C) For there being D) As there being.【答案】A【译文】街上人这么少，真奇怪。【试题分析】句法结构【详细解答】

14、there to be句型做主语时，通常用for做引导词。所以选择 A项。16. I'm the impression that youve told me about it.A) intoB) onC) ofD) under【答案】D【译文】我模糊记得你给我谈过此事。【试题分析】考查短语。【详细解答】to be under the impression that表示有模糊印象发生过什么事情。17. Many of the imported planes have been lying for years because of the restrictions on the forei

15、gn spare parts.A) idleB) vacant C) emptyD) hollow【答案】A【译文】因为对外国零件的限制，许多进口飞机已经闲置了数年。【试题分析】近义词辨析。【详细解答】idle空闲的，无用的，懒散的； vacant空缺的，未占用的；empty空无 一物的；hollow 中空的18. The rain came on time and would certainly ease the feat the people of inland.A) to faceB) faceC) facingD) faces【答案】C【译文】这场雨下得及时，它将缓解内陆地区的人们面临

16、的高温。【试题分析】考查分词短语的用法【详细解答】分词短语作定语，它的作用相当于定语从句。现在分词短语表示动作是由前面的名词发出的，既可以表示进行中的动作，又可以表示习惯性动作。过去分词短语表示前面的名词是受动者。19. The new cars of the Volkswagon Company are now being at the rate of 1,000every week.A) turned outB) turned down C) turned up D) turned on【答案】A【译文】大众公司的新车正在以每周1 , 000辆的速度生产出来。【试题分析】动词短语的辨析。【

17、详细解答】turn out表示生产，制造；turn down关小，调低，拒绝；turn up出现, 出席，被发现；turn on打开，开启。20. The meeting drew to a late in the afternoon.A) nearB) close C) pointD) tail【答案】B【译文】会议在下午结束。【试题分析】考查短语。draw to a close 表示快要结束。come to an end /a close 也可以表达同【详细解答】样的意思。21. If you don 't put the food in the refrigerator, it

18、may go.A) offB) over C) wrongD) out【答案】A【译文】你要是不把食物放进冰箱，食物会坏的。【试题分析】词组搭配题。【详细解答】go off意为“(食品)变坏，(疼痛)消失”，符合句意。gooversth.,浏 览，检查，复习"；go out ,消灭，参加社会活动"；go wrong ,出错，(机器)坏了，(事情)进展不顺利”，均不符合句22. Ifthis university such a good reputation, I would not have come here.A) didn 't haveB) hadn '

19、;t hadC) doesn 't have D) hasn 't had【答案】A【译文】如果这所大学没有一个好声誉，我也不会来了。【试题分析】语法分析题。【详细解答】这是错综时间条件句，是虚拟语气的一种。从句所陈述的条件是与现在事实相反的一种假设，所以动词用一般过去时；而主句表示的动作与过去的事实相反，所以用 wouldhavedone.的结构。23. The weather is highly at this time of the year and it is hard to know what to wear.A) variousB) variantC) variab

20、leD) varied【答案】C【译文】每年的这时候，天气特别多变，都不知道穿什么好。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】various意为各种各样的“；variant意为 不同的"；variable意为 多变的，变化异常的"；varied意为 变化了的，色彩丰富的”。根据句子意思，应选 C。24. You can 't see through a telescope unless it is correctly to your sight.A) adapted B) adopted C) adjusted D) accustomed【答案】C【译文】你没法用望远镜

21、观察，除非你把它调好。【试题分析】句义理解和词语辨析题。【详细解答】adjust (to)意为 调整；使适应”，符合句意。adapt sth. to ,改写以适应 ,使适应(新用途)adopt ,采用，收养，通过(法案)accustom sb. to,使某人习惯于 ：均不符合句意。25. His discovery counts nothing though he tried very hard.A) onB) forC) inD) up【答案】B【译文】他的发现毫无价值，尽管他非常努力。【试题分析】词组辨析题。【详细解答】count for意为 宥价值，有重要性"，count fo

22、r nothing即为 没有价值”符 合句意。count on 指望，依靠count in 把 算进去count up 把加起来“，均不符合句意。26. On cloudy nights it is not possible to see the stars with eye.A) nakedB) bareC) fleshD) pure【答案】A【译文】在多云的夜晚，不可能用肉眼观察到星星。【试题分析】词语搭配题。【详细解答】naked eyes ”是固定搭配，即肉眼。27. At the first of twelve everyone stopped for lunch.A) soundB

23、) strokeC) momentD) minute【答案】B【译文】刚敲十二点，每个人都停下来去吃午饭。【试题分析】词语搭配题。【详细解答】钟的敲响声或鸣响用stroke。28. The map was drawn to the standard of 1/100,000 so there was not much detail.A) baseB) lineC) rateD) scale【答案】D【译文】地图是按1: 100,000的标准比例绘制的，所以不是很详细。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】rate是一般意义上的比率，而实物与图表之间的比例是 scale ,所以scale是正确答案

24、。29. Her skirt had been so in packing that she had to iron it before going out.A) crushedB) torn C) dirtyD) untidy【答案】A【译文】她的裙子在包里给压得很皱，出门前她只好把它熨一下。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】衣服给压皱了是crushed , torn是弄破了，dirty是脏了，untidy则是不整齐，没有条理性，所以只有 crushed符合句意。30. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two of paint

25、 on a clean surface.A. coatsB. levelsC. times D. coursesA） 【句意】为获得一个满意的结果，你必须在一个干净的表面上涂两层油漆。【难点】coat意为 覆盖物，层”;level意为（建筑物）楼层”;times意为 次，回”;courses 意为（一层）砖面；一排”。31. The beach is in an ideal to draw tourists.A） conditionB. situationC. stateD. publicityB） 【句意】这片海滩所处位置理想，吸引了很多游客。【难点】condition意为状况；形势situ

26、ation意为位置，地点，环境”;state意为 状态，情形"publicity意为 公众的注意，名声”。32. Our sensitivity decreases with age. By age 60, most people have lost 40percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.A. sensible B. senselessC. sensitive D. sensorya） D）【句意】我们的感官能力随着年龄的增长而下降。比如说，到60岁的时候，多数人失去了他们 40%

27、的嗅觉能力和50%的味觉能力。【难点】 sensible意为明智的，合情理的 senseless意为失去知觉的，不省人事的 sensitive意为 敏感的”;sensory意为 感觉的，传递感觉的“。33. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, the atmosphere. A. as it is B. so isC. the same asD. and so is8） 【句意】正像土壤是地球的一部分，大气层也是。【难点】Just as. , so.为一固定结构,意为 正如，也”。34. If a substance is dissolved in

28、 water or heated, it may a gas.A. give intoB. give overC. give offD. give awayC）【句意】如果一种物质溶解在水里或被加热，它可能释放出一种气体。【难点】give into为非固定搭配；give over意为 托付，交托”；give off意为 散发”;give away意为 送掉，分发（奖品）等”。35. This organization brought Western artists together in the hope of making more of an impact on the art commu

29、nity any of them could individually and to promote Western art by women.A. rather thanB. ratherC. thanD. other thanC） 【句意】该组织把西部艺术家聚集在一起，希望他们比任何个人都能更多地影响艺术界，并由妇女来促进西部艺术。【难点】选项C）的than与句中的more形成正确搭配，意为比都：故为答案。36. You should have your eyes tested every year in case the of your spectacles need changing.

30、A.lensesB. glasses C. sightsD. crystalsA）【句意】你应该每年检查一次自己的眼睛，因为你的眼镜镜片也许需要更换。【难点】lenses意为镜片"；glasses意为眼镜”；sights意为视野；风景”；crystals 意为水晶，晶体37. The school committee hoped that their choice of play would be with thestudents and their parents.A. recognized B. popularC. favorableD. fascinatedB）【句意】校董会希

31、望他们选择的那出剧会受到孩子和家长的欢迎。【难点】 popular意为讨人喜欢的；得人心的；受欢迎的“。recognized意为被赏识的；受表彰的"。favorable意为 赢得赞许的；讨人喜欢的“，但后面不能接with。fascinated意为 被迷住的，被弄得神魂颠倒的”。38. My father is so deaf that he has to use a hearing A. helpB. aidC. supportD. toolB）【句意】我父亲耳聋得厉害，不得不使用助听器。【难点】 aid意为辅助器具"；help意为帮助"；support意为支持“

32、；tool意为工 具”。39. On New Year 's Eve, there will be a firework at People 's Square.A. displayB. performance C. showD. exhibitionA）【句意】新年除夕，人民广场将举行焰火表演。【难点】 display意为展示性表演"；performance意为文艺演出；表演“；show意 为展览；展览会"；exhibition也是展览会“，属销售性质。40. It was during summer breaks that we first taste

33、the satisfaction work that intohard currency.A. translatesB. transfersC. transplantsD. transmitsA）【句意】暑假期间，我们第一次尝到了把劳动变成货币的滋味。【难点】 translate意为变换，把转化成transfer意为移交，迁移transplant意为 移植（器官）"；transmit意为 传染（疾病），传达（知识）”。A. than take41. . Mr. Milton prefers to resign part in such dishonest business deals

34、.B. than to takeC. rather than takeD. rather than to takeC）【句意】米尔先生宁愿辞职也不参加这种不诚实的商业交易。【难点】prefer意为 宁愿”，其后接名词或动词不定式；prefer to dosth. rather than dosth.意为 宁愿而不愿"，rather than后接不带to的不定式。42. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything going on inthe world.A. it is B. as isC.

35、 there is D. what isC）【句意】大家都没有时间去读或去听有关世界上正在发生的一切事件的描述。【难点】在以there be为谓语动词的定语从句中，如关系代词作主语，则关系代词便可省略。43. You should have put the milk into the icebox, I expect it undrinkable.A. becameB. had become C. has becomeD. becomesC）【句意】你本该把牛奶放到冰里。我想现在这牛奶不能喝了。【难点】从句意分析，牛奶已经变质，不能喝了，属过去发生的动作对现在造成影响，再加上by now是现在

36、完成时的典型时间状语，故选 C）44. She always put her medication on the top of the shelf lest the children it by mistake.A. tookB. should takeC. had taken D. would takeB）【句意】她总是把自己的药放到搁架上以免孩子错拿。【难点】lest意为 以免”，后接虚拟语气 should+动词原形。45. Many automobile accidents were careless driving.A. attributed toB. resulted in C. c

37、ontributed toD. raised fromA）【句意】许多汽车交通事故都起因于莽撞驾车。【难点】 attribute to 意为 把归因于；contribute to 意为 宥助于，促成"；result in 意为 导致，结果造成"；raise from不是固定搭配。46. It takes a lot of to put on a school play such as King Lear.A. organization B. arrangement C. management D. preparationA【句意】上演李尔王这样一部校园剧需要大量的组织工作。

38、【难点】 organization 意为 组织（行为）“；arrangement 意为 安排"； management 意为 经营，管理"；preparation意为 准备（状态）；准备工作”。47. Tom has been a vegetarian principle for years.A. in B. on C. for D. byB）【句意】多年来，汤姆一直是一个按原则行事的素食者。【难点】 on principle意为 根据行为准则；按照原则"；in principle意为 原则上；基本上；大体上“。for和by不与principle搭配。48. th

39、e water left in the kettle, the doctor put several things he unwrapped from a handkerchief.A. At B. To C. Within D. IntoD）【句意】那位医生打开手帕里包着的几样东西，放入了壶内剩下的水里。【难点】为强调放入水中，把地点状语放到了句首。49. The of AIDS has led to an expansion in research seeking a cure.A. innovation B. selection C. proliferation D. convictio

40、nC）【句意】爱滋病的扩散使得人们做更多的研究工作去寻找治疗的方法。【难点】proliferation 意为激增；扩散"；innovation 意为革新，创新“;selection意为选择；选拔"conviction意为定罪，判罪”。50. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment.A. which they are happeningB. they are happeningC. which they happenD. they have happenedB）【句意】电视使我

41、们能够在事情发生的那一瞬间就看到它们是如何发生的。【难点】moment后接的是省略关系副词when的定语从句。B）符合题意要求。51. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we grab a bite at the snack bar.A. may wellB. just as wellC. might as wellD. as wellC）【句意】既然火车一个小时以后才开，我们不妨到快餐店吃口东西。【难点】might as well后接动词原形，意为 不妨，何不”。52. It is with the customer not

42、to let the shop assistants guess what she really likesand wants until the last moment.A. in her honor B. on her honor C. a point of honor D. an honorC）【句意】对于顾客来说，直到最后时刻才让售货员猜出她真正喜欢什么，真正想买什么，这是一个涉及面子的问题。【难点】a point of honor 意为 涉及名誉的事情”；in one 's honor意为 为某人的荣誉"；on one 's honor意为以名誉担保&quo

43、t;；an honor意为光荣的人或事”。53. This house will probably come on the next month.A. fair B. marketC.shopD. storeB）【句意】这座房子可能下月上市。【难点】 on the market意为 上市，出售"；fair意为 集市；庙会；交易会”;shop是 商店" ；store是储存；仓库”。54. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex in

44、stitution than any other kind of higher education.A. settlement B. establishment C. construction D. structureB）【句意】能称得上大学称号的机构是一个比其他种类高等教育机构都更复杂更综合的机构。【难点】 establishment 意为 企业，设施（公司，学校，医院，教会等）settlement意为 定居点；殖民地”；construction意为 建造；建筑物"；structure是 结构，构造“。55. .he's already heard the news.A.

45、Chances areB. Chance isC. Opportunities areD. Opportunity is B56. , a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A. Other things being equalB. Were other things equalC. To be equal to other thingsD. Other things to be equal57. A

46、 good many houses knocked down by the earthquake.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are B58. All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully the risks and benefits.A. weighingB. valuingC. evaluatingD. distinguishing A59. Columbus' decision to sail west to reach the East on

47、 his belief that the earthwas round.A. existedB. satC. relaxedD. rested D60. I like to go to the cinema when I am in the for it.A. more than to goB. than goingC. rather than to goD. more than going61. I'm sorry, but what he thinks is not of the important to me.A. worthyB. valuableC. valuelessD.

48、priceless B62. While being questioned on the court, the man denied the old lady's necklace.A. having taken B. takingC. to have taken D. to takeA）【句意】法庭传训他的时候，他否认拿了老太太的项链。【难点】 deny后需接动名词，由于动作是过去发生的，所以选 A）,动名词的完成式。63. It was dark in the cave so she a match.A. struck B. hit C. fired D. burnedA）【句意】

49、岩洞里很黑，她燃着了一根火柴。【难点】 strike意为擦（火柴）”，其它几个词不能和matches搭配。64. Mary will not be able to come to the birthday party as she is with a cold.A. laid out B. laid up C. laid by D. laid downB）【句意】玛丽不能来参加生日晚会了，因为她患了感冒，卧床在家。【难点】lay up意为 因痛（或伤残）卧床”，常用被动语态；lay out意为 摆出, 展开“；lay by意为 储存"；lay down意为 牺牲，献出“。65. Cl

50、assification is a useful to the organization of knowledge in any field.A. means B. approach C. mode D. mannerB）【句意】分类是组织任何领域知识内容的有效方式。【难点】 approach作 方式，方法；态度”讲时，后接介词to,其它几个词没有这种用法。66. The human race has already paid a heavy price for its slow to environmental threats.A. responseB. responsibilityC. r

51、esolutionD. resistanceA）【句意】人类已为他们对环境威胁作出的迟缓反应付出了重大代价。【难点】response 意为 反应”后接介词 to responsibility 意为 责任“；resolution 意为 决心，决定 “；resistance 意为 抵抗“。67. My grandfather accidentally fire to the house.A.putB. took C.set D. gotC【句意】我爷爷不小心放火烧着了房子。【难点】 词组set fire to意为 熏燃，使燃烧”。68. If you want children to work h

52、ard you must their interests instead of their sense of duty.A. appeal to B. look into C. give rise to D. go in forA）【句意】如果你要孩子们努力学习，你必须唤起他们的兴趣而不是责任感。【难点】appeal to意为 宥感染力，有吸引力”；100k into意为 调查，观察”；give rise to意为引起，导致"；go in for意为爱好；从事，参与”。69. Basically a robot is a machine which moves, manipulate

53、s, joins or processes in the same way as human hand or arm.A. charactersB. componentsC.cataloguesD. collectionsB【句意】机器人基本上是一台机器，它像人的手臂一样移动、操纵、结合或加工零件。【难点】component意为零件；成分“；character 意为 特性；人格"；catalogue意为目录"；collection意为收集“。70. The man sitting opposite me smiled dreamily, as ifsomething ple

54、asant in thepast.A. to rememberB. rememberedC. having been remembered D. rememberingA）【句意】坐在我对面的那个人梦幻般地笑着，好像回想起过去发生的某件高兴的事。【难点】asif+不定式”是一个常见的结构，意为好像”。71. and wage increases have not kept in step.A. Production B. Product C. Produce D. ProductivityD）【句意】生产率的提高和工资的提高没有保持同步。【难点】productivity 意为 生产力；生产率”

55、；production 意为 生产；制造"；product意为 产品"；produce意为 农产品”。72. The reason that his property was confiscated by the country, it, was that hewas involved in a lot offraudulent activities during the war.A. was turned out B. was being turned outC. being turned out D. turned outD）【句意】后来证明他的财产被国家没收的原因是，战争期间他参与了诈骗活动。run.【难点】it turned out （to be）这里作插入语，意为 证明 是”。73. With one leg broken in that car accident, he cannot even walk,A. let aloneB. that's to say C. not to speakD. not to mentionA）【句意】在车祸中，他的一条腿骨折，他连走路都不行，更不用说跑了。【难点】let