直接引语和间接引语表格对照

1、直接引语和间接引语相关表格、直接引语和间接引语的概念“7比较直接引语间接引语定义直接引用别人的原话用自己的话转述别人的话小同点直接引语前后要加引号间接引语不用引号相同点直接引语和间接引语都是宾语从句（由祈使句转化而来的间接引语除外）例句Tomsaid,ImafraidthatIcantfinishthework.”MarytoldmethatshewouldleaveforLondonthenextmorning.二、直接引语变间接引语的时态规律1.直接引语变间接引语的时态变化类条件直接引语一间接引语例句间接引语谓语变化（主句中谓语动词的时态是过去时）一般现在时一一般过去时Heinsisted

2、,Imthehappiestfatherallovertheworld.”Heinsistedthathewasthehappiestfatherallovertheworld.现在进行时一过去进行时Johnexplained,Tmoperatingthewashingmachinenow.Johnexplainedthathewasoperatingthewashingmachinethen.现在完成时一过去完成时Thewomanexclaimed,“Ihaslostcontrolofmyson.Thewomanexclaimedthatshehadlostcontrolofherson.一

3、般过去时一过去完成时OldBensaid,“Iexperiencedthewell-knowncivilwar.”一OldBensaidthathehadexperiencedthewell-knowncivilwar.过去完成时一过去完成时Carlaanswered,“Ihadpassedthedrivingtestlastyear.Carlaansweredthatshehadpassedthedrivingtesttheyearbefore.一般将来时一过去将来时LittleTonypromised,Tllfinishmyhomeworkontime.LittleTonypromised

4、thathewouldfinishhishomeworkontime.must-hadto/mustThebossshouted,“Allofyoumustleavehereatonce.Thebossshoutedthatallofthemhadto/mustleavehereatonce.can/maycould/mightJoywhispered,“Imaynotobeyyourdirectionatthistime.”Joywhisperedthatshemightnotobeymydirectionatthattime.shall/will一Theteacherrequired,“Y

5、oushalldependonyourselfonthewayshould/wouldtosuccess.Theteacherrequiredthatweshoulddependonmyselfonthewaytosuccess.2.直接引语变间接引语的时态不变、养件种类a.直接引语的性质例句间接引语谓语/、变表示客观、永恒的真理、规律或格言时Theteachersaid,“Everythinghastwosidesjustlikeacoin.fTheteachersaidthateverythinghastwosidesjustlikeacoin.表示习惯性、反复性的动作或状态时“Myfat

6、heralwayshasacupofmilkaftersupper,“saidAnn.fAnnsaidthatherfatherhasacupofmilkaftersupper.表示谈话时动作仍然在继续时Tonyintroduced,“BothofmysistersareEnglishteachers.fTonyintroducedthatbothofhissistersareEnglishteachers.表示过去完成时态的概念时Theministerrecognized,“Ihadntrealizedtheseriousnessbeforetheeruptionofviolence.fTh

7、eministerrecognizedthathehadntrealizedtheseriousnessbeforetheeruptionofviolence.”表示明确的过去时间概念时Theengineersaid,“Istartedtoworkherein1980.”fTheengineersaidthathestartedtoworktherein1980.Wtk含有when,while,since等从句时“WhenIwasabay,Ioftenwentfishinginthisriver,”saidDad.fDadsaidthatwhenhewasaboy,heoftenwentfis

8、hinginthisriver.表示含有wish,wouldrather,itstime等虚拟概念时LittleMikesaid,“IwishIknewthekeysbeforeexamination.fLittleMikesaidthathewishheknewthekeysbeforeexamination.”表力、含有must,hadbetter,need,should,would等情态动词（组）时Mymotherpersuaded,“Youhadbetteraskyourfatherforhelp.fMymotherpersuadedthatIhadbetteraskmyfatherf

9、orhelp.”b.主句的性质例句主句中谓语动词的时态是现Thepitifulgirlsays,“Iwillneverforgetthose在时或将来时warm-heartedpeople.fThepitifulgirlsaysthatshewillneverforgetthosewarm-heartedpeople.”三、直接引语变间接引语的代词、状语、动词的变化规律条件词类直接引语间接引语直接引语是特殊疑问句、一般疑问句时或陈述句指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthentodaythatdaythismorningthatmorningtonightthatnig

10、httomorrowthenext/followingdayyesterdaythedaybeforelastnightthenightbeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforeagobeforenextthenext/following地点状语herethere方向性动词comegobringtake直接引语是特殊疑问句实义动词sayask四、直接引语与间接引语的人称的变化规律直接引语变间接引语间接引语变直接引语规律一变主、二变宾、二不变同主变一、同宾变二、小同小及7E义a）直接引语的引号内的人称改为引号外主句的主语b）直接引语的引号内的第二人称改为引号

11、外主句的宾语c）直接引语的引号内的第三人称不变a）间接引语的宾语从句中的人称代词和主句的主语一致，则直接引语的人称代词改为第一人称b）间接引语的宾语从句的人称代词和主句的宾语一致，则直接引语的的人称代词改为第二人称c）间接引语的宾语从句的人称代词和主句的主语、宾语都不一致，则直接引语的的人称/、变例句TomsaidtoJenny,“IandyourbrotherwillgotoParisforthesummervocationwithhisprivateplane.fTomtoldJennythatheandherbrotherwouldgotoParisforthesummervocatio

12、nwithhisprivateplane.UncleAlfredaskedmeifIhadenteredtheofficewithhissonthedaybefore.fUncleAlfredaskedme,“Hadyouenteredtheofficewithmysonthedaybefore?释例a）引号内的第一人称I改为引号外主句的主语Tom（he）b）引号内的第二人称your改为引号外主句的宾语Jennys（her）c）引号内的第二人称his/、变a）间接引语的宾语从句中的人称代词his和主句的主语UncleAlfred致，则直接引语的人称代词改为第一人称myb）间接引语的宾语从句中的

13、人称代词I和主句的宾语一致，则直接引语的人称代词改为第二人称you注思单、复数和主、宾、所有格仍然保留与原人称一致。五、不同类型的直接引语变为间接引语的规律直接引语的类型间接引语的变化例句陈述句间接引语的引导词that可以省略；主句的弓1述词有say,tell,report,answer,reply,explain,announce,think等；主句一般位于句首；间接引语用陈述句语序。ImleavingforTokyoonbusinesstomorrow”,Mr.Smithsaidme.一Mr.SmithtoldmethathewasleavingforTokyoonbusinessthen

14、extday.疑问句间接引语必须将疑问一般疑问句由if/whether引导从句Hesaidtome,“Doyouoftengotothecinema?”fHeaskedmewhetherIoftenwenttothecinema.句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号；主句的引述词由say改为ask反意疑问句由if/whether引导从句Jakesaid,“Youhaveseensuchalovelysight,haventyou?.”-JakeaskedmewhetherIhadseensuchalovelysight.选择疑问句由whetheror引导从句Iaskedmyson,“Willyoustayathomeorgowithus?”fIaskedmysonwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgowithus.特殊疑问句由原来的疑问词引导从句Studentsasked,“Whenwillweattendthesportsmeeting?”Studentsaskedwhentheywouldattendthesportsmeeting.祈使句间接引语必须将肯定或否定祈使句的谓语动词相应地变为肯定或否定的不定式；主句的引述词由