船舶常用短句

1、第一章1.How long have you worked on board ?你在船上工作多久了？ I have worked on board for 2 years.我在船上工作两年。2. Which certificate do you have now ?现在你持什么证书？ Now I have a second engineers certificate.我有机工证书。3. What is your marital status ? How many departments are there on board ?你的婚姻状况和在船上有多少个部门？Im married/single

2、. There are two.我已婚/单身。有三个部门。4. How many people are there in your family? Are you married?你家有几口人？你结婚了吗？There are 3 . Yes, Im married/single. 有三个人。我已婚/单身5. How many countries have you ever been to ?你去过多少个国家？2 (countries).两个国家6. When did you begin to work on board ? What kind of ship have you worked o

3、n ?你什么时候开始工作？你在什么类型的船上工作过？ I began to work in 2009. I have worked on bulk carriers. Container ship我在2009年开始工作。我在散货船上工作。7. How many important canals are there all over the world ?世界上有多少条重要的运河？ There are two. They are Panama Canal and Suez Canal.有两条。他们是巴拿马运河和苏伊士运河。8. Can you tell me what is the most i

4、mportant thing for a seafarer ?请你告诉我对船员来说什么是最重要的事情？Yes. The most important thing is safety.可以。最重要的是安全。9. What kinds of main engine and generator engine have you worked on ?你工作中使用的是什么类型的主机和发动机？Main engine is _B&W /2-stroke/low speed_ and generator engine _Surlzer/4-stroke/medium speed_主机是_B&W /二冲程/低速

5、。发电机是Surlzer/四冲程/中速10. Which classification society is your ship registered with ?你们船在什么船级社登记？CCS 中国船级社11.Have you worked any ship that caused damage in critical equipments ?你有没在关键设备损坏的船上工作过？No, I havent.不，我没有。12. How do you make your maintenance schedules ?你怎样安排维修保养？According to PMS.(维修保养计划)按照维修保养计

6、划13. Could you list international conventions concerning marine shipping ?你能列出关于海上航行的国际公约吗？Yes. SOLAS, STCW, MARPOL, and so on.14.Could you tell the usages of the STCW convention ?请你说出STCW公约的用途Yes. The usages are in seafarers training, certification and watch keeping.可以。它使用在船员培训，发证和值班上。15.What is th

7、e purpose of Classification Society ? Could you list some of them ?船籍社的作用。你能列出其中的一些吗？To carry out surveys is to ensure safety. Some are CCS, LR, BV and ABS.进行检验以确保安全。他们是CCS，和ABS。16. Could you list different kinds of ships surverys?你能列出各种船的检验名称吗？Yes. Annual survey, intermediate survey, and special su

8、rvey.可以。岁检、中间检验和特殊检验。17.What does UMS stand for ? Have you served UMS ?代表什么意思？你服务过吗？Unattended machinery space. No, I havent.无人机舱。不，我没有。18.Have you even experienced PSC inspection? Where and when was your last inspection?你经历过PSC吗？上次检查是在什么地点什么时间？Yes. The last inspection was in Singapore in 2009.有。上次检

9、查是在2009年新加坡。19.What should be paid attention to the overhaul of a cylinder ?在大修气缸是要注意什么？Pay attention to the safety and the special tools.注意安全和特殊的工具。20.Before entering an enclosed space such as ballast tank , what action will you take ?在进入一个密闭的空间比如说压载舱，你要采取什行动？ I will vent the space and check the ox

10、ygen content.我将通风和检查含氧量。21. Please tell me the minimum safe oxygen percentage for the safety of the workers in an enclosed space.请告诉我在密闭空间里工作的工人最低的安全含氧百分比是多少？18 percent.18%第二章 问答1 Please introduce one type of the main engine请介绍一种主机。 Slow speed two-stroke marine diesel engine.低速二冲程船用柴油机。2 Please intr

11、oduce fuel injection process of electronically controlled main engine请介绍电子控制的主机的燃油喷射过程。The fuel oil is pumped into “common rail” then injected into the cylinder by an electronic control unit.燃油被泵入“共轨”装置然后通过电子控制装置被喷射入气缸。3 Please introduce dual fuel technology of main engine 请介绍主机双燃料技术This kind of mai

12、n engine can burn fuel oil and Cargo Natural Gas.这种主机可以燃烧燃油和天然气。4 Why is the two-stroke engine widely used on board ship?为什么二冲程机被广泛用于船上？Because a two-stroke engine can produce more power than a four-stroke engine of the same size.因为二冲程机能比相同尺寸的四冲程机产生更多的功率。5 Why is the air exchanging quality of four-s

13、troke engine more than of two-stroke engine为什么四冲程机的换气质量比二冲程机好？Because the time for air exchanging of the four-stroke engine is longer.因为四冲程机的换气时间更长。6 Please introduce three moving parts of marine main engine请介绍船用主机的三个运动部件Piston, connecting rod and crankshaft.活塞，连杆和曲轴。7 Whats the sequence of the four

14、 strokes?四冲程的顺序是什么？Suction, compression, expansion and exhaust吸气，压缩，膨胀和排气。8 Please introduce four fixing parts of marine main engine 请介绍船用主机的四个固定部件。Bedplate, frame, cylinder block and cylinder cover机座，机架，汽缸体和汽缸盖。9 What is called a working cycle of diesel engine?什么叫做柴油机的一个工作循环？The operation between t

15、wo injections is called a working cycle.两次喷射之间的操作叫做一个工作循环。10 What is the foundation of diesel engine?柴油机的基础是什么？Bedplate机座。11 What are the function and feature of the tie rods?贯穿螺栓的作用和特点是什么？To secure the bedplate, frames and cylinder blocks together. The feature is long and good tensioning strength.固

16、定机座、机架和汽缸体在一起。特点是长和好的拉力。12 What is the function of the governor?调速器的作用是什么？ To regulate the speed of the engine.调节发动机的速度。13 What is the feature of the governor?调速器的特点是什么？ To ensure the remote and automatic control.确保远程和自动控制。14 What is used for connecting the piston rod and connecting rod?什么用来连接活塞杆和连杆

17、 The crosshead.十字头15 What is used for sealing between the crankcase and scavenging air box?什么用来密封曲柄箱和扫气箱 The stuffing box .填料箱16 What are the two types of the cooling system?两种冷却系统Fresh water/ closed cooling system and sea water/open cooling system.淡水/闭式冷却系统和海水/开式冷却系统。17 Whats the function of the he

18、ad tank in the cooling water system?高置水柜在冷却系统的作用是什么？To release air, allow water expansion and make-up.为了放气，允许水的膨胀和补水。18 Please introduce the open cooling system.请介绍开式冷却系统The open cooling system is the sea water cooling system. There is some corrosion in it.开式的冷却系统是海水冷却系统。存在腐蚀。19Please introduce the

19、close cooling system请介绍闭式冷却系统。The closed cooling system is the fresh water cooling system. There is little corrosion in it. 闭式冷却系统是淡水冷却系统。极少腐蚀。19 Please introduce the central cooling system.请介绍中央冷却系统。The central cooling system has two separate fresh water circulation systems: the high temperature sy

20、stem for cooling the main engine; the low temperature system for cooling high temperature fresh water and various coolers.中央冷却系统有两套独立的淡水循环系统：用于冷却主机的高温系统；用于冷却高温淡水和各种冷却器的低温系统。20 Whats the advantage of the central cooling water system?中央冷却系统的优点是什么？With less equipment in contact with sea-water, the corr

21、osion problems are much reduced in the central cooling system.因为中央冷却系统中和海水接触的设备较少，腐蚀问题极大减少。21 How to control fuel oil viscosity of main engine?如何控制主机的燃油粘度？By regulating its temperature.通过调节它的温度。22 Please introduce two sub-systems of the fuel oil system？请介绍燃油系统的两个子系统。The fuel supply system and the fu

22、el injection system.燃油供应系统和燃油喷射系统。23 Please speak out the function of the fuel oil viscosity regulator.请说出燃油粘度调节器的作用。To control oil viscosity.为了控制油的粘度。24 How does the fuel oil viscosity regulator work?燃油粘度调节器是如何工作的？To regulate the temperature of fuel oil by controlling the steam.通过控制蒸汽调节燃油的稳定。26Plea

23、se tell at least three composition of fuel oil.请说出燃油的至少三个主要成分 Carbon, hydrogen, sulphur.碳，氢，硫27 Please name at least three of main factors to select a fuel oil.请说出选择燃油的至少三个主要因素。The cetane number, viscosity, water content and so on.十六烷值，粘度，含水量。28 What is the usual coolant in marine diesel engine?船用柴油

24、机的常用冷却剂是什么？They are fresh water, sea water and lube oil.他们是淡水，海水和滑油。29 Why seawater is not used directly as a coolant in diesel engine?为什么海水不能直接在柴油机中用作冷却剂?Because seawater can cause corrosion.因为海水会引起腐蚀.30 What s the advantage of oil-cooling piston?油冷活塞的优点是什么？Any leakage into the crankcase would not

25、cause the corrosive problem.31 Whats the disadvantage of water-cooling piston?水冷活塞的缺点是什么？There is risk of water leaking into the lube oil system.有水泄漏到滑油系统的风险。32 Whats the function of the lubricating oil in main engine?滑油在主机中的作用是什么？Reducing friction, cooling and cleaning.减少磨损，冷却和清洁。33 How do you clea

26、n the lube oil filters?你如何清洁滑油滤器Dismantle the filter ,clean it and then blow it by compressed air.拆卸滤器，清洁它和用压缩空气吹洗。34 When do you clean the fuel oil filters?你什么时候清洁燃油滤器？When the pressure drop is excessive. 当压降过度。35 Why must the cylinder oil have alkalinity?为什么汽缸油要碱性Because the cylinder oil has to ne

27、utralize acidic condition.因为气缸油能中和酸性环境。36 Whats the function of the cylinder oil?气缸油的作用是什么？Lubrication, cooling, cleaning and sealing.润滑，冷却，清洁和密封。37 How do you start the air compressor?你如何启动空压机？Check lube oil and cooling water first, then open the unloading valve, start the air compressor.首先检查滑油和冷却水

28、，打开卸载阀，启动空压机。38 What do you pay attention to when you stand by engine?当你启动主机你要注意什么？Pay attention to the power supply, the preparations of the lube oil, fuel oil, cooling and starting systems./ Checked various pressure and temperatures, warm up the engine, turn the engine with turning gear and so on注

29、意功率供应，准备滑油，燃油，冷却和启动系统。/检查各种压力和温度，暖机，用盘车机盘车等。39Do you know the reasons why the engine does not start on air?你知道发动机不能用空气启动的原因吗？Yes. Starting air system hasnt been ready yet.是的。启动空气系统没有准备好。40 What should you periodically do for the air reservoir?对空气瓶要定期做什么事情？Drain water from the air reservoir.从空气瓶放残。41

30、 whats the function of gas exchange in diesel engine?换气在柴油机的作用是什么？To supply fresh air into and remove exhaust gases from the cylinders more effectively.提供新鲜空气进入气缸和从气缸去除废气更加有效。42 Whats the function of supercharging in diesel engine?增压在柴油机的作用是什么？To increase the pressure of air charged into the cylinde

31、rs.增加进入气缸的压缩空气的压力。43 How do you operate the main engine in cold weather?在寒冷的天气里如何操作主机？Warm up the main engine gradually.逐渐暖机。44 How do you heat the main engine?你如何加热主机？By circulating the cooling water which is heated to proper temperature.通过循环加热到合适温度的冷却水。45 How do you change diesel oil into fuel oil

32、?你如何将柴油换成燃油I will heat the fuel first and then open the fuel oil valve ,close the diesel oil valve.我将先加热燃油，然后打开燃油阀，关闭柴油阀。46How do you change fuel oil into diesel oil?你如何将燃油换成柴油？I will decrease the fuel oil temperature, open diesel oil valve and close the fuel oil valve.我将先降低燃油温度，打开柴油阀和关闭燃油阀。47 What

33、is the function of the steering gear?舵机的作用？To control the ships course.控制船的方向。48 How do you measure the clearance of the main bearings?你如何测量主轴承的间隙？We use lead wires.我们使用铅丝。49 How do you measure the crank deflection of the main engine?你如何测量主机的拐档差。We use a crank deflection gauge. 我们使用拐档表50 Do you know

34、 why the diesel engine exhausts black smoke?你知道为什么主机冒黑烟？Yes. Because the air supply is too low.是的，因为空气供应太低。51 Do you know why the diesel engine exhausts blue smoke?你知道为什么主机冒蓝烟？Yes. Because lube oil is being burnt.是的。因为滑油在燃烧。52 Do you know why the diesel engine exhausts yellow smoke?你知道为什么主机冒黄烟？Yes.

35、Because of too much sulphur in the fuel oil.是的。因为燃油有太多的硫。53 Do you know why the diesel engine exhausts white smoke?你知道为什么主机冒白烟？Yes. Because the fuel oil contains too much water or cooling water leakage.是的。因为燃油含水太多或冷却水泄漏。54 What is the function of the steering gear?舵机的作用是么？To control the ships course

36、.舵机用来控制船的方向。55 What does CPP stand for?代表什么？Controllable Pitch Propeller.可控螺距螺旋桨。56 What does VIT stand for?代表什么？ Variable Injection Timing.可变喷射定时。57 Whats the type of the freshwater generator?造水机的种类Vacuum boiling type (Distilled type/ Flashing type)真空沸腾式 蒸馏式 闪发式58 Whats the type of the fuel oil sep

37、atator?燃油分油器的种类Centrifugal type.离心式59 Whats the function of the fuel oil separator?燃油分油器的作用是什么？To separate impurities and water from the fuel oil.从燃油中分离杂质和水。60 Whats the type of the oily water separator?油水分离器的种类？Gravity separation type.重力分离式。61 Whats the function of the oily water separator?油水分离器的作用

38、是什么？To separate the oil from the bilge water.从污水分离油。62 Whats the function of the incinerator?焚烧炉的作用是什么？To burn up oil sludge, waste oil and some solid wastes.燃烧油污，废油和一些固体杂质。63 What is the oil content limit when pumping out the bilge?当排出污水时的油含量的限度是多少？No more than 15 ppm.不超过15PPM64 What is the hot wor

39、k?什么叫做热工作？Hot work is work with sparks. It includes gas welding , electric welding and gas cutting.热工作就是会产生火花的工作。它包括气焊，电焊和气割。65 Why do you often carry out the water treatment for the boiler?为什么你要经常对锅炉进行水处理？Because it can reduce scale formation, prevent corrosion and water carry-over by steam.因为他可以减少

40、水垢形成，防止腐蚀和气携。66 What boiler is used on a motor ship at sea?当船在海上时用什么锅炉？Exhaust gas boiler.废气锅炉。67 What boiler is used on a motor ship in port?当船在港口时用什么锅炉？Donkey boiler.辅锅炉。68 How do you decide to overhaul the main engine generally?一般来说你怎样决定要大修主机？According to its running hours and working condition.按

41、照它的运行时间和工作情况。69 What is the function of the soot blower?吹灰器的作用是什么？It is used to blow away soot (and combustion products away from the tube surfaces).它用于（从管子表面）吹灰（和燃烧产物）70 How do you grind the valve plate of air compressor?你怎样研磨空压器的阀片？I will use coarse grinding material and then fine grinding materia

42、l. /Grind it in the path of “8” shape.我将使用粗研磨材料然后使用细研磨材料。/以“8”字形路径研磨它。71 What is used to connect a diesel engine and a generator?什么用来连接柴油机和发电机？A coupling .联轴节。72 What type is the most common marine refrigeration?最常见的船用制冷机的类型？Compression type.压缩式73 Please introduce four components required for a comp

43、ression refrigeration system.请介绍压缩式制冷系统的四个部件Compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator.压缩机，冷凝器，膨胀阀和蒸发器。74 How do you fill Freon 22 into the refrigeration system?你如何往制冷系统加氟利昂？Through the charging valve.75 Why does the refrigerating compressor start and stop frequently?为什么制冷压缩机频繁启停？Because

44、 it is low-pressure controller differential set too close, lack of refrigerant, dirty or iced evaporator.因为低压控制器压差设定太接近，缺少冷剂，脏了或冰塞。76 What equipment is used to handle the anchors?什么设备用来处理锚？The windlass .锚机。77 Please name at least three items of deck machinery.请说出至少三种甲板机械The capstan, deck crane and w

45、indlass.绞车、甲板起重机和锚机。78 How do you drain off air of the injection pump.你怎样排出喷射泵的空气？ We loose the screw nut by using screwdriver/ Open the air relief valve and pump the oil我们通过使用螺丝刀松开螺栓。79 How do you clean the disc of an oil separator?你如何清洁分油器的分离盘？Dismantle the oil separator and clean it with diesel o

46、il or with disc cleaner.分离盘清洗剂80 What should be prepared before disassembly of cylinder for main engine/anxiliary engine?在拆卸主机或辅机汽缸之前，要做什么准备？Various tools, hoisting devices and so on.各种工具，天车等等。81 How do you manage sewage?你如何处理污水？Drop in treament chemicals regularly.定期投药第三章 问答1. What may happen if th

47、e communication between the engine room and the bridge fails?如果机舱与驾驶台之间的通信失败将会发生什么情况？Accidents will happen.将会发生意外。2 .When do you need to communicate with the bridge?什么时候需要与驾驶台联系？When in standby engine and in emergency situation.在备车以及紧急情况下3 .What methods and ways can be used to communicate with the b

48、ridge?可以用什么方式/方法与驾驶台进行联系？By telephone and telegraph. 通过电话或者车钟。4 .Why do you think the records of the communication should be maintained?为什么你觉得应该保持通讯纪录？Because records can be used as evidence in the event of accidents因为在发生事故的情况下纪录可以作为证据。5. Do you think English is very important during the communicati

49、on?你认为在通讯联系期间英语重要吗？Yes, I think so. Because English is an international language.是的，我是这样认为的。/是的，因为英语是一门国际语言。6 .When should you check the engine telegraph?什么时候应该检查车钟？Check the engine telegraph one-hour before “stand-by engine” .当离港前备车时需要对车钟。7 .How do you check the engine telegraph?你怎样检查车钟？Every posit

50、ion ordered from the bridge.根据驾驶台的命令检查每一个位置。8 .When must you test the steering gear?什么时候测试舵机？Before departure from or arrive at a port./ When stand-by engine9.What items of the main engine should you check before starting?启动主机前你应该检查哪些项目？The vatious systems of the engine, especially the reversing and

51、 control gear.检查主机系统，尤其是换向齿轮和控制机构。10 .How do you test main engine?怎样测试主机？Blow the main engine by air, run the engine ahead and astern after getting the permission from the bridge.得到驾驶台的许可之后对主机注入空气，并对主机进行前后试车。11 .What should you prepare for cooling water system when“ stand by engine”?备车时你应该对冷却系统做什么准备

52、？We will check the water level in the expansion tank, open the valves and start the cooling water pump.我们将检查膨胀水柜的水位，打开各个阀件并启动冷却水泵。12 .What should you prepare for lube oil system when“stand by engine”?备车时你应该对滑油系统做什么准备？We will check the oil level in the sump tank, open the valves and start the lube oi

53、l pump.我们将检查沉淀柜的水位，打开各个阀件并启动滑油泵。13 .How are you going to change fuel oil over to diesel oil?你打算怎样把燃油换成柴油？I will gradually decrease the fuel oil temperature.我将逐渐增加燃油的温度。14 .Why does the engine speed rise up by using fuel oil instead of diesel oil?在用燃油代替柴油时为什么主机速度会上升？Because the special gravity of fue

54、l oil is higher than that of diesel oil.因为燃油的比重值比柴油的高。15 .What should you do when “finished with engine”?当接到完车指令后你应该做些什么工作？We will shut down the air system, open all drains and indicator cocks, and keep the cooling water and lube oil system running for at least 15 minutes.我们将关闭空气系统，打开所有的排水口及示功旋塞，并且保

55、持冷却水系统、滑油系统继续运转至少15分钟。16 .What shall we have to do when the ship is sailing in the cold zone?当船舶在寒冷区域航行时，我们必须要做些什么工作？We should keep the engine room warm.我们应该使整个机舱保持暖和。17 .What are duty engineer going to do when “full astern” is ringing up?当全速倒车车钟响起时，值班轮机员将要做什么？The duty engineer should quickly operat

56、e the main engine astern. 值班轮机员应该快速反向操作发动机。18 .How does the duty engineer correct the clock in engine room?值班轮机员如何在机舱正时？Correct the clock according to the clock on the bridge.根据驾驶台的时钟来校正时间。第四章 问答参考1 .The engine does start on air, but combustion does not immediately begin. What is the possible cause?发动机能够空气启动，但是不能立刻开始燃烧，可能原因有哪些？Low air comression, failure in the fuel oil system.燃油系统失败2 .The engine may l