独立主格整理文档

1、独立主格结构精讲精练独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语构成的一种独立主格成分。With( without) 的复合结构可以看作是独立主格结构中的一种形式。一、独立主格结构的特点1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2） 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 二、独立主格结构的构成: 1名词（或代词） + 现在分词He sitting at the des

2、k, his mother began to tell him a story. Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.注意：现在分词being或having been在独立主格结构中可以省略。The weather（being）fine, we decided to go on an outing. 独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，一是在“There being + 名词”结构中， 二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。T

3、here being no bus, we had to walk home. It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 2名词（或代词） + 不定式（短语） 不定式表示将来的动作。He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. Many flowers and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 3名词（或代词） + 过去分词 过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成

4、的动作。The girls lay on her back, her hands crossed under her head.The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.4名词（或代词） + 形容词（短语）在独立主格结构中说明前面名词或代词的性质、状态The floor wet, we had to stay outside for a whil

5、e. He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.5名词（或代词） + 副词 副词在独立主格结构中也多是说明名词或代词的状态。The meeting over, we all went home. School over, we all went home.6名词（或代词） + 介词短语A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. He left the office, tears in eyes. 注意：在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里，当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何修饰成分。但with 的复合结构不受

6、此限制。例如：The teacher came in, with a book in his hand三、独立主格结构的作用： 多用作状语1.表示时间His homework done（=After his homework was done），he went back home. 2.表示原因 There being no buses（=Because there were no buses），we had to walk home. 3.表示条件 Weather permitting（=If weather permits），well go to play basketball. 4.表示

7、方式或伴随 He sat at the table, head down. 不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，动词-ing形式表示动作正在进行。The manager looks worried，many things to be settled. The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.The man lay there, his hands trembling.四、With( without) 的复合结构的构成以及句法功能 （一）with / without +宾语+宾语补足语构成复合结构的几种情况:1.

8、 with+名词/代词+形容词He doesnt like to sleep with the windows open. = He doesnt like to sleep when the windows are open.2. with+名词/代词+副词The boy was walking, with his father ahead. = The boy was walking and his father was ahead.With the lights on, we can study.3. with+名词/代词+介词短语He stood at the door, with a

9、 computer in his hand.= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.4. with+名词/代词+动词过去分词With his homework done, Peter went out to play. = When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.5. with+名词/代词+现在分词Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.= When no one was noticing, h

10、e slipped through the window.6. with+名词/代词+动词不定式The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.= because he has so much homework to do.（二）With (without) 的复合结构的句法功能：定语和状语1. There is a magazine with a modern girl on its cover. (定语) 2. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. = He stood in th

11、e rain, and his clothes were wet. (伴随状语)3 The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. =The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.（原因状语）4With the signal given, the train started.= After the signal was given, the train started. （时间状语）I.指出下列句子中的独立结构1.In

12、front of the house was a tall tree, its top well above the tops of the other trees.2.The mid-term examination was over, the final examination to come in two months.3.The boy stood there, his eyes full of tears.4.A young policeman stood in the street, holding a little red flag, his face red with cold

13、.5.The teacher sat in her chair, surrounded by her students, a happy look in her eyes.6.With nothing to eat, he died of hunger. 7.Mary left left the office with tears in her eyes.8 Such being the case, you have no reasons for dismissing him. II.用独立结构改正下列句子中的错误1.Being freezing cold, she had to dress

14、herself in warm clothes.2.Having finished his homework, we went home.3.A young mother was taking a walk in the schoolyard, followed her little son.4.His bike wrong, he has to walk to school.5.Tom rushed into my room, with his clothes covering with snow.6.They were angry with their money to be stolen

15、.独立主格结构巩固练习(一)1. Everything _ into consideration, they ought to have another chance. A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking 2. An expert _ to help them tomorrow, they are sure to work out the problem. A. will come B, coming C. to come D. having come 3. The meeting _ over, he went to pick up hi

16、s son directly A. to be B. is C. was D. being 4. - They sat still in the room, _. - Why did they do like that?A. drawing the curtains B. with the curtains drawn C. with the curtains drawing D. having the curtains drawn 5. The sun _ , they continued their way. A. has risen B. having risen C. has rais

17、ed D. having raised 6. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched7. Here are two volumes, the third one _ next month. A. comes out B. came out C. coming out D.

18、 to come out8. With his son_ , the old man felt unhappy.A. to disappoint B. to be disappointing C. disappointing D. being disappointed9- Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. -Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 10

19、John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ , he gladly accepted it .A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 11. _ , I had to ask for two days leave. A. Mother being ill B. Mother ill C. As mother was ill D. A, B and C12. With so many books _ , I couldnt go to surf

20、 the Internet. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. read13. The thief stood before the policeman _ admitting what he had done . A. with his dropping head B. dropping his head C. raising his head D. with his head down 14. Winter _ , it is time to buy warm clothes . A .has come on B. is coming on C.

21、 coming on D. comes on 15. The old man lay on his back at the corner of the street, his eyes _ and his hands _. A. close, tremble B. closed, trembling C. closing, trembling D. closed, trembled 16. With nothing _ to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out . A. leaving B. leave C. left D. to l

22、eave 17. It was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished . A. for B. with C. of D. from18. I couldnt do my homework with that noise _ on. A. to go B. went C. going D. goes 19. _ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. A. Because of B. With C. As for D. Besi

23、des20. Tom came home, _ . A. a dog following him B. a dog followed him C. being followed him D. a dog was followed him独立主格结构巩固练习(二)1The thief stood before the policeman，_, admitting what he had done Awith his drooping head Bdrooping his head Craising his head Dwith his head down 2_ ，he cant go out f

24、or a walk as usual AWith so much work to do BWith so much work doing CWith so much work done DWithout so much work to do 3Its quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth _ and his eyes _ Aclosed；open Bclosed；opened Cclosing；open Dclosing；opening 4All things _ ，the plan trip will have to be call

25、ed off Abe considered Bconsidered Cconsidering Dhaving considering 5_ ，we have to get down to business right away AAs there was no time left BThere is no time left CThere being no time left DThere to be no time left 6_ yesterday，we went out for a walk AAs a fine day BIt was a fine day CIt being a fi

26、ne day DFor it was a fine day 7The old man stood there，_ Awith back against the wall Bwith his back against the wall Cwith back against wall Dhis back against wall 独立主格结构巩固练习(三)1. _ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being2. _, Ill go there with you tomorrow af

27、ternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Times permitting3. _, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said 4. _, we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fin

28、e weather D. It being a fine weather 5. _, the bus started at once. A. The signal was given B. The signal giving C. The signal given D. When the signal given 6. She stood there, _ from her cheeks. A. tears rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down7. _, the leaves are turning green. A. When spring coming on B. Spring coming on C. Spring came on D. Spring being come on8. _, I had to buy a new one. A. My dictionary losing B. My dictionary having been lostC