材料专业常用词汇

1、材料科学 Material Science 材料科学定义Material Science Definition 强度 Strength 抗腐蚀及耐用 Corrosion & resistance durability 金属特性 Special metallic features 抗敏感及环境保护 Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection 化学元素 Chemical element 元素的原子序数 Atom of Elements 原子及固体物质 Atom and solid material 原子的组织图 Atom Cons

2、titutes 周期表 Periodic Table 原子键结合Atom Bonding 金属与合金 Metal and Alloy 铁及非铁金属 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 晶体结构，晶格及单位晶胞Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cell 金属晶格Metal space lattice 晶格常数 Lattice constant 米勒指数 Mill's Index 金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule 固熔体 Solid solution 置换型固熔体 Substi

3、tutional type solid solution 间隙固熔体 Interstitial solid solution 金属间化物 Intermetallic compound 相变 Transformation 相变点 Transformation Point 磁性相变Magnetic Transformation 同素相变Allotropic Transformation 热平衡状态 Thermal Equilibrium 自由度 Degree of freedom 临界温度 Critical temperature 共晶 Eutectic 包晶温度 Peritectic 亚共晶体

4、Hypoeutectic Alloy 过共晶体 Hypereutectic Alloy 塑性变形 Plastic Deformation 滑动面 Slip Plan 畸变 Distortion 晶体结构:晶胞中的原子数atoms per cell, 点阵lattice, 阵点lattice point, 密排六方hexagonal close-packed,六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell,体心立方body-centered cubic, 面心立方face-centered cubic, 晶系crystal system, 相变机理Phase transformation mec

5、hanism: 成核生长相变nucleationgrowth transition, 有序无序转变disordered-order transition, 马氏体相变martensite phase transformation， 成核势垒nucleation barrier, 晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal, 基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix, 子晶，雏晶matted crystal, 耔晶，晶种seed crystal,耔晶取向seed orientation, 籽晶生长seeded growth, 均匀形核homogeneous nucleation, 异质形核h

6、eterogeneous nucleation自恰场self-consistent field缺陷defect, imperfection, 点缺陷point defect,线缺陷 line defect, 位错 dislocation,位错排列dislocation arrangement, 位错滑移dislocation slip, dislocation movement by slip, 位错聚结dislocation coalescence, 体积膨胀volume dilation,体积收缩volume shrinkage,回火tempering, 退火annealing, 淬火qu

7、enching,淬火硬化quenching hardening, 正火normalizing, normalization, 人工时效artificial aging, 回复 Crystal Recovery 再结晶 Recrystallization形变热处理ausforming, 等温退火austempering, 奥氏体austenite, 奥氏体化austenitizing,贝氏体bainite, 马氏体淬火marquench, 马氏体退火martemper, 马氏体时效钢maraging steel, 渗碳体cementite, 铁素体 ferrite扩散系数diffusivity,

8、 烧结sintering, 相图与相结构phase diagrams and phase structures , 吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule, 吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy, 吉布斯函数Gibbs function, 相界phase boundary, 相界交联 phase boundary crosslinking, 共格相 phase-coherent, 相衬phase contrast, 相变滞后phase transition lag, 显微结构microstructures, 不混溶固溶体immiscible solid solution, 金属材料的性能及试

9、验 Properties & testing of metal 化学性能 Chemical Properties 物理性能 Physical Properties 磁性 Magnetism 比电阻 Specific resistivity & specific resistance 比重 Specific gravity & specific density 电导率和电阻率conductivity and resistivity,应力和应变stress and strain,弹性应变elastic strain, 塑性应变plastic strain, 最大抗拉强度ul

10、timate tensile strength, 延展性ductility,伸长率elongation, 断面收缩率reduction of area, 颈缩necking, 断裂强度breaking strength, 韧性toughness,硬度hardness,疲劳强度fatigue strength, 热脆性heat shortness,比热 Specific Heat 热膨胀系数 Coefficient of thermal expansion 热导率 Heat conductivity 屈服强度 Yield strength 屈服点yield point弹性限度、elastic l

11、imit, 杨氏弹性系数Young's module of elasticity 金属材料的试验方法 The Method of Metal inspection 无损检验 Non destructive inspections 渗透探伤法 Penetrate inspection 磁粉探伤法 Magnetic particle inspection 放射线探伤法 Radiographic inspection 超声波探伤法 Ultrasonic inspection 显微观察法 Microscopic inspection 损伤检验 Destructive Inspection 冲击

12、测试 Impact Test 疲劳测试 Fatigue Test 蠕变测试 Creep Test 蠕变强度 Creeps Strength 涡流检测 eddy current test 应力松弛试验 stress relaxation test声发射检测 acoustic emission inspection第一蠕变期 Primary Creep 第二蠕变期 Secondary Creep 钢铁的主要成份 The major element of steel 钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类 Classification of Steel according to Carbon

13、contents 铁相 Steel Phases 钢铁的名称 Name of steel 铁素体 Ferrite 渗碳体 Cementite 奥氏体 Austenite 珠光体及共析钢 Pearlite &Eutectoid 奥氏体碳钢 Austenite Carbon Steel 单相金属 Single Phase Metal 共析相变Eutectoid Transformation 连续铸造法 Continuous casting process 电炉 Electric furnace 均热炉 Soaking pit 镇静钢 Killed steel 半镇静钢 Semi-kille

14、d steel 沸腾钢Rimmed steel 钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart 钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压 及延轧 The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel 冲剪 Drawing & stamping 特殊钢以元素分类 Classification of Special Steel according to Element 特殊钢以用途来分类 Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage 易车(快削)不锈钢 Free Cutt

15、ing Stainless Steel 含铅易车钢 Leaded Free Cutting Steel 含硫易车钢 Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel 淬透性 Hardenability 钢的脆性 Brittleness of Steel 低温脆性 Cold brittleness 回火脆性 Temper brittleness 材料的加工性能 Drawing ability 表面处理 Surface finish 冷轧(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表 End usages, industrial standard, quality, condi

16、tion and hardness of cold rolled steel strip 厚度及宽度公差 Tolerance on Thickness & Width 弯度 Camber 防止生锈 Rust Protection 生锈速度表 Speed of rusting 焊接 Welding 气焊 Gas Welding 点焊 Spot welding 滚焊 Seam welding 埋弧焊 Submerged-arc Welding 电阻焊 Resistance Welding 电镀锌钢片或电解钢片 Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electroly

17、tic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet 上漆能力 Paint Adhesion 电镀锌钢片的焊接 Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet 电镀锌(电解)钢片 Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet 分析测试方法X射线衍射 :X-ray Diffraction (XRD)光学金相检验 optical metallographic examination 光谱分析spectral analysis吸收光谱仪absorption spectrometer 光谱学spectroscopy  拉曼光谱(

18、Raman spectrum) 红外光谱(Infrared spectrum)电子探针分析 electron probe microanalysis电子显微镜分析 electron microscopy 扫描电子显微镜 scanning electron microscopy(SEM) 透射电子显微镜Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)原子力显微镜 atom force microscopy(AFM)扫描隧道显微镜scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) 能谱分析 energy dispersive spectroscopy

19、(EDS)波谱分析 wave dispersive spectroscopy(WDS)热分析 thermal analysis (TA)差热分析(differential thermal analysis) (DTA)差示扫描量热法(differential scanning calorimetry) （DSC）热重分析thermogravimetry (TG) 热膨胀法thermal dilatometry (TD)X-ray光电子能谱 photoelectron spectrum (XPS)紫外光电子能谱 ultraviolet photoelectron spectrum (UPS)俄歇

20、电子能谱 auger electron spectrum (AES)核磁共振 nucleus magnetism resonance (NMR)磁性材料性能: 磁学magnetics  磁magnetism 磁化magnetization  磁铁magnet 磁的magnetic  软磁 Soft Magnetic 硬磁 Hard Magnetic 磁场 Magnetic Field 磁性感应 Magnetic Induction 透磁度 Magnetic Permeability 磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm) 磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场(Magnetic Field) 抗磁体Diamagnetism, 顺磁体Paramagnetic,铁磁体Ferromagnetism, 反铁磁体Antiferromagnetism & 亚铁磁体Ferrimagnetism 磁偶极子 Dipole自发磁化 Spontaneous magnetization磁畴