高考英语一轮总复习题型重组专题练1阅读理解生态环保类、完形记叙文

1、题型重组专题练一（ 阅读理解：生态环保类；完形：记叙文）I .阅读理解A（2016 -江西重点中学盟校第一次联考）Based on new analysis, we are rapidlyapproaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.Geographers predict that within the next eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and some

2、could completely disappear.Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter ， forcing animals to migrate（ 迁 徙 ） north.Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense.If the

3、 changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100， manyof today's familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today's world.It is urgent that we red

4、uce the risks of these far-reachingconsequences for the wholeworld.The planet itself has been showing signs of change.In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2009 w

5、ith a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought.At this point, it doesn't matter what i

6、s causing it, but rather, what can be done about it.What's more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year.There is war and threat of war everywhere.Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and

7、 some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.【答案速查】1 4 BACD【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来气候的变化对人和动物的生存环境的影响。1 What is the major function of Paragraph 1?A To arouse the reader's concern.B To introdu

8、ce the theme of the whole passage.C To summarize the whole passage.D To state how climate changes.【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Based on new analysis ， we are rapidlyapproaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe. ”可知，最新研究数据表明，世界的气候变化已经严重地影响了社会和环境。 而接下来的几段

9、则是围绕气候变化对社会和环境具体的影响而展开的，由此可推知，第一段主要是介绍文章的主题。故选B 项。【答案】B2 What is the author's purpose in using the examples of earthquakes?A To show major changes are taking place on the planet.B To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.C To show the damage earthquakes caused.D To tell us more earthquakes

10、 will happen in the future.【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The planet itself has been showing signsof change. ”可知，列举最近地球上所发生的地震是为了说明地球正在发生着重大变化。故选 A 项。【答案】A3 Which of the following is NOT true of climate changes' effects?A Animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.B It

11、 could lead to the spread of diseases.C Current world climate zones could shift and completely disappear.D Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Geographers predict that within thenext eighty years ， current world climate zones could shift and some could complet

12、ely disappear. ”可知， 地理学家预计在未来的八十年中，现在的世界气候带可能会改变，有的可能会完全消失，C项中说世界气候带可能会变化并会完全消失，与文中描述不符，故 C项 错误；根据第二段第一句“Climate changes like these could lead to the spread ofdiseases. ”可知， B 项正确；根据第二段最后一句“If the changes come too quickly ，animal and plant speciesmay not be able to adapt fast enough and could disapp

13、ear. ”可知， A 项正确； 根据倒数第二段最后一句“Natural disasters are becoming more frequentand serious.”可知，D项正确。故选 C项。【答案】C4 What can be inferred from the passage?A Animals and plants won't die out as long as climate changes slowly.8 There's enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.C The wor

14、ld is getting more unstable because of animal migration.D The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.【 解 析 】推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 最 后 一 段 第 一 句 “ However，other planets areexperiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection betwe

15、en this. ”可知，地球并不是唯一一个在经历气候变化的星 球。故选D项。【答案】DB（2016 大庆市质量检测二）According to the UN Intergovernmental Panel （专家咨询组 ） on Climate Change, global temperatures have risen by approximately 0.6 inthe past century, caused mainly by emissions of greenhouse gases produced by human activities ， such as the burnin

16、g of fossil fuels and deforestation.Temperatures are to increase between 1.6 and 5.8 in the nextcentury, accompanied by sea level rise and an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events.The best available evidence suggests that climate changes since the 1970s may already be causing over 150,

17、000 deaths annually, and that greenhouse gas emissions would increase disease burdens in the coming decades.The risks are concentrated in the poorest population, who have contributed least to the problem.The Kyoto Protocol （ 京都议定书） is signed by 128 nations ， and commits theparticipating industrializ

18、ed countries to cutting emissions of greenhouse gases by over 5% below 1990 level by the period of 2008-2012.“ Over 600 thousand people died in weather-related disasters in the 1990s.Temperature and rainfall influence the rates of diseases and infections including malaria ， and malnutrition ， which

19、together cause over 3.5 million deaths a year.The Kyoto Protocol is the first step towards protecting the climate system ， which exerts such a strong influence on our health ”， said Dr Kerstin Leitner ，Assistant Director-General for Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments.While acting to re

20、duce greenhouse gas emissions, it is also essential to protect vulnerable （ 脆弱的 ） communities from the effects of climate changes.WHO works to promote measures such as protection from malaria and other climate sensitive diseases, and reliable access to clean water and sanitation, for people in the m

21、ost vulnerable developing countries.Increasing disease control efforts willalsohelp to protect current and future generations from the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions.【答案速查】5 8 DBDA【语篇解读】这是一篇关于气候变化的文章。人类的某些行为导致的气候变化会危害人类自身，我们要采取必要的措施来拯救我们自己。5 According to the passage, what is the reason for the

22、rise of global temperatures?A The burning of fossil fuels.8 The rise of sea level.C Extreme weather disasters.D The emissions of greenhouse gases.【 解 析 】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 中 的 “ global temperatures have risenemissionsof greenhouse gases”可知，D项正确。A项是产生温室气体的行为之一，故可排除。【答案】D9 Which of the following i

23、s true?A Weather-related disasters caused over 3.5 million deaths.8 The climate system has a deep impact on human health.C The members of the Kyoto Protocol are all industrialized countries.D The poorest population are to blame because they contribute least to the problem.【解析】细节理解题。A项与文章第四段中的“Over 6

24、00 thousand people died inweather -related disasters.with together cause over 3.5 million deaths a year”不符；C 项意为“京都议定书”成员国都是工业化的国家，与文章第三段的内容不符；D 项与文章第二段的最后一句话不符。根据第四段中的“The Kyoto Protocol.on our health ”可知选B 项。【答案】B10 In order to protect communities, WHO takes some measures except.A preventing disea

25、ses caused by climate changes11 helping to provide clean water12 aiding to offer sanitation13 gaining access to vulnerable developing countries【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"such as protectionsanitation"和“Increasing disease control efforts ”可知 A、 B C三项正确。由"for people in the most vulnerable develo

26、ping countries ”可知， D 项错误。【答案】D8. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Climate changes and the effects on human health.B. Climate changes cause over 15,000 deaths annually.C. Who promotes measures such as protection from malaria.D. The Kyoto Protocol helps to protect human health.【解析】主旨大意题。根据文

27、章内容可知，B、C、D项均是文中某一方面的内容，比较片面，A项最能概括文章大意。【答案】An.完形填空（2016 青岛市高三统一质量检测）Ricardo Semler became boss of his father'sbusiness Semco in Brazil at the age of 21.Ricardo worked like a（an）_1_man_, from7: 30 am to midnight every day.One afternoon , while he was visiting a factory in New York, he _2_.The do

28、ctor told him if he _3_like that, he would find a newhomein hospital.Semler got the 4.He changed the way he 5.In fact , he changed the ways his _6 _worked, too.He let his workers take more _7_so_that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong.He 8 them to set their own salaries , 9 their

29、 own working hours and he cut all the jobs he thought were _10_ , like receptionists andsecretaries.He changed the office : 11 walls, they have plants at Semco, so bosses can't _12_ themselves away from everyone else.And the workers are _13_ to decorate their workspace as they want.It sounds per

30、fect, but does it 14 ? The answer is in the 15 : in the last six years , Semco's revenues（收入）have 16 from $35 million to $212 million.The company has gone from 800 employees to 3,000.Why?Semler says it's because of “peer pressure " which makes employees work 17the other workers willfor

31、everyone else.If someone isn't doing his job _18_ not allow the _19 to continue.In other words, Ricardo treats his workers like adults rather than children, and expects them to act like responsible _20_.And they do.【答案速查】1 5 CABDC 610 BADAA11 15 BCBDB 1620 ACCBD【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作为老板，只有让团队中的每个人都能自觉

32、主动地承担责任，形成我为人人，人人为我的氛围，才能提高团队的工作效率。这正是Semler之所以成功的经验。1 A.interestingB. independentC. madD. great【解析】根据空格后的“from 7 : 30 am to midnight every day ”可知，他拼命工作。故选C,意为“疯狂的”。A项意为“令人感兴趣的”；B项意为“独立的”；D项意为“非常好的”，均不符合题意。【答案】C2 A.fell downB. gave upC. went outD. got off【解析】根据下句"The doctor told him”可知，他病倒了。故选

33、A,意为"倒下”。B项意为“放弃”；C项意为“熄灭，出去”； D项意为“下车，离开，出发”，均不符合 题意。【答案】A3 A.changedB. continuedC. droppedD. went【解析】根据空格后的"like that , he would find a new home in hospital ”可知，医生的意思为：如果他继续这样拼命下去，他会生病住院的。故选B,意为“继续”。A项意为“改变”；C项意为“落下，投下，放弃”；D项意为“走，去”，均不符合题意。【答案】B4 A.soundB. wayC. senseD. message【解析】根据下文内容

34、可知，Semler听从了医生的建议，不再那么拼命工作了。故选D, get the message 是常用短语，意为“领会，明白，受到启发”。【答案】D5 A.walkedB. talkedD. treatedC. worked【解析】根据上文和下句“In fact ， he changed the way his worked ，too. ”可知，Semler 改变了他自己的工作方式。故选C。【答案】C6 A.familyB workersC friendsD children【解析】根据下一段第一句中“He let his workers take more ”可知，他也改变了员工们的工作方

35、式。故选B。【答案】B7 A.responsibilityB moneyC powerD expectation【解析】根据空格后的“so that they would be the ones worrying when things wentwrong”可知，此处应指他让员工们承担起更多的责任，这样如果事情出了差错，他们自己 会操心。故选A。【答案】AB forcedD allowed8 A.persuadedC forbade根据上一句中的“He let his workers take more ”可知，此处所填词的意思相当于上句中的“let ”。故选D，意为“允许”。A 项意为“说服

36、”； B 项意为“强迫”；10C项意为“禁止”，均不符合题意。让员工自己决定工作时间。所填词与“9 A.decideC understand根据空格前的“themBDto set theirset ”意思一致。故选wanttryown salaries ”可推知， 此处应指SemlerA。10 A.unnecessaryB unpopularC stupidD difficult【解析】根据本句中“he cut all the jobs he thought were ， likereceptionists and secretaries ”并结合常识可知，他取消的工作岗位应该是不必要的。故选A,意为“不必'要的”。B项意为“不流行的，不受人欢迎的”； C项意为“愚蠢的， 笨的”；D项意为“困难的”，均不符合题意。【答案】A11 A.ab