西安旅游景点的英文介绍2013

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Xian Travel GuideXian, the eternal city, records the great changes of the Chinese nation just like a living history book. Called Chang'an in ancient times, Xian is one of the birthplaces of the ancient civilization in the Yellow River Basin area of the country. During Xian's 3,1

2、00 year development, 13 dynasties such as Western Zhou (11th century BC - 771 BC), Qin (221 BC - 206 BC), Western Han (206 BC - 24 AD) and Tang (618 - 907) placed their capitals here. So far, Xian enjoys equal fame with Athens, Cairo, and Rome as one of the four major ancient civilization capitals.X

3、ian is the capital of Shaanxi province, located in the southern part of the Guanzhong Plain. With the Qinling Mountains to the south and the Weihe River to the north, it is in a favorable geographical location surrounded by water and hills. It has a semi-moist monsoon climate and there is a clear di

4、stinction between the four seasons. Except the colder winter, any season is relatively suitable for traveling.The cultural and historical significance of Xian, as well as the abundant relics and sites, help Shaanxi enjoy the laudatory title of 'Natural History Museum'. The is praised as '

5、;the eighth major miracle of the world', is listed on the World Heritage List, and the of the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644) is the largest and most intact Ming Dynasty castle in the world. In the city, there is the 3,000 years old from the Neolithic Age (approximately from 8000 BC to 5000 BC), and

6、the that holds 3,000 stone steles of different periods from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. Around Xian, the enjoys the reputation of being the 'forefather of pagodas and temples in Central Shaanxi,' because it holds the finger bones of Sakyamuni - the founder of Buddhism. The natural l

7、andscape around Xian is also marvelous one of the five best-known mountains in China, is famous for its breath-taking cliffs and its unique characteristics.Traditional downtown Xian refers to the area encircled by the city wall, this has now been expanded to encompass the area within the second ring

8、 road (Er' huan Lu). The Bell Tower is the geographical center of Xian and the four main streets are respectively Dong Dajie, Xi Dajie, Nan Dajie and Bei Dajie which are also the main commercial streets. Xiao Zhai, the busiest commercial area is in the southern part of the city and is popular wi

9、th both youths and students since many universities are located here. Shuyuan Men and the still under construction Luoma Shi are must-visit pedestrian streets in the city. Xian is also famous for its quantity of colleges throughout China. The old campuses of many colleges and universities are massed

10、 in the southern suburb of Xian, but most have established new campuses in far southern suburb - Chang'an District due to the lack of space within the city.As tourist development grows in Xian, the hotel industry flourishes more and more. It is very easy to find a hotel in Xian, ranging from 5 s

11、tar hotels to youth hostels. Of course, it will be any traveler's first choice to stay in the city center due to the superior geographical location and the convenient transportation.Praised as 'the capital of table delicacies', Xian has been rich in the delicious Shaanxi snack, delicate

12、Guangdong Cuisine, various kinds of fashionable foreign delicacies, and popular Sichuan Cuisine such as the hot pot. Among all the delicacies, the most famous and popular one is the Muslim Snack Street.Xian is the most important city in northwest China, and so there are a lot of shopping outlets for

13、 locals and tourists alike. There are many big shopping centers, department stores and supermarkets in and around Xian city - the biggest and most comprehensive being Kai Yuan Shopping Mall and Century Ginwa Shopping Mall.The night life in Xian has a unique glamour. Traditional ways include enjoying

14、 the night scenery around the Bell Tower, taking part in a Tang Dynasty Dinner Show, strolling on the ancient Big Wild Goose Pagoda Square and watching the music fountain performance. More modern and fashionable ways include singing in the KTV, hanging out in a bar, or dancing in a Disco. All in all

15、, any experience in this ancient city will bring you fun and possibly a little surprise!History of Xi'anIt is no exaggeration that Xian is the first choice if you are willing to find the longest history of China. This region is one of the vital birthplaces of the profound Chinese civilization. B

16、enefiting from the fertile land and comfortable climate in ancient time, the rulers of 13 dynasties have set up their capitals in Xian successively. Thus, Xian is one of the cities which preserve a wealth of historical heritages in China.Prehistory The Lantian Man, which was found in Lantian County

17、of Xian, has inhabited in this land about 800,000 years ago. The founded skulls fossils is said to be the earliest and best preserved ones in China until now. Coming to 300,000-400,000 years ago, the primitive people around Xian have turned into the stage of primitive clan communes gradually. The ba

18、se of this regions agricultural production should be started when the Banpo Man made living here about 6,000 years ago. They have settled down in the eastern suburban of Xian City, setting up the Matriarchal clan villages.In the Slave SocietyThe slave society of China mainly refers to the periods of

19、 the Xia (21st-16th century BC), Shang (16th-11th century BC), Western Zhou (11th century BC-771BC) as well as Spring and Autumn Peroid (770 BC-476). During this long history, more and more nations have immigrated to the Guanzhong Plain the center of which is just current Xian. Therefore, both of th

20、is region's economy and political system has gained rapid development. Until to the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Wenwang have moved the capital-Fengjing to the west bank of the Fenghe River nearby Xian. It played as the dynasty's religious and cultural center. Later, his heir Wuwang built the p

21、olitical center on the east bank of the Fenghe River, namely, Haojing. This should be the first recorded dynasty founded the capital in Xian City.In the Warring State Period (476BC-221BC) and the Qin Dynasty (221 BC-206 BC)Coming to the end of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, namely, the Warring States Per

22、iod, there mainly distributed seven powerful states in China. Qin, one of the seven states, was located in the center of Shaanxi Province and east Gansu Province. Later, Ying Zheng, Emperor Qin Shi Huang, set up the first feudal dynasty in Xianyang (consists of current Xian and Xianyang cites) after

23、 unifying the other six states. Although this dynasty fallen soon, a great number of historical relics were left, for example, the so famous Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses. Until now, some traditions and cuisines from the Qin Dynasty are still kept by the Xian locals.In the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220)

24、The Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-24AD), which is the third dynasty setting up its capital in Xian, constructed its capital -Chang'an on the relics of the Qin's Xianyang. Once, Chang'an City was the largest one in the world, covering an area of about 36 square kilometers (13.9 square miles

25、). Now, the site of the Weiyang Palace is preserved well in Xian. The famous 'Silk Road' which starts from the Chang'an City appeared during the period of Wudi, opening the communication between China and overseas countries. On the other hand, the emperors carried out a series of policie

26、s to help the rehabilitation of the people. The Chang'an became a thriving city both in economy and polity in the world wide.In the Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907) DynastiesAt the found of the Sui Dynasty, the Han's Chang'an City has been destroyed seriously owing to long years of wars

27、from 220 to 589. Therefore, the emperor built a new city just to southeast of the old Chang'an City, called Daxing City. After the Tang Dynasty overthrew the Sui and captured the Daxing City, the first emperor of Tang renamed the city as Chang'an City again. Later, some subsequent construct

28、and renovation projects were taken. In the early period of Emperor Taizong, the Daming Palace was constructed, which was the political center of the whole dynasty later. There is no doubt that Tang should be the most prosperous dynasty in Chinese history. Thus, as the center, Chang'an was one of

29、 the largest economical, political and cultural centers in the world at that time. Most overseas travelers and businessmen came to Chang'an, enjoying the city's gloss.On the other hand, the Buddhism also expanded rapidly in Chang'an with the support of the governors. Now, the existing Bi

30、g Wild Goose Pagoda should be the outstanding representation of the Buddhist building in Xian. Additionally, the prosperous and peaceful city attracts a great number of artist and poets, inspiring them to create so many masterpieces throughout the ages. In fact, the Tang culture has influenced this

31、region deeply, spanning from architectural style to food, even to the city's soul.In the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)From the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Chang'an City has lost its top position gradually; however, it was still one of the vital prefectures in the later dynasties. In 1369 of the

32、Ming Dynasty, Xian gained its current name officially. From the next year, the current Xian City Wall has been constructed.The Summary of the Modern HistoryOctober 22, 1911-the local revolutionists pulled down the governance of the Qing Dynasty in Xian.1925-the national army led by Dr. Sun Yat-sun o

33、verthrew the reactionary warlord in Xian.1927-some members of the Chinese Communist Party launched a military school in Xian, training a number of revolutionists.December 12, 1936-Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng captured the Generalissimo Chiang Kai Shek by initiating a military exhortation, namely,

34、 the Xian Incident. The incident spurred the Kuomintang to unify the Communist for resisting the Japanese invaders.May 20, 1949-Xian City was liberated by the Chinese People's Liberation Army. May 25, 1949The People's Government of Xian City was launched.Attractions in Xi'anThe continuou

35、s history of Xian has apparently resulted in its magnificent culture. Today's Xian is a world famous tourist city and an inexhaustible treasure house of cultural relics. Now heads of state from many countries and people from all walks of life come to the city to broaden their knowledge of Chines

36、e civilization.Foremost is the China's greatest archeological excavation, the . Life size terracotta figures of warriors and horses arranged in battle formations symbolically guard the , the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty (246-209B.C). The State Council authorized the building of a museum on t

37、he site in 1975 for the protection of the discovery. So far, altogether over 7,000 pottery soldiers, horses, chariots, and even weapons have been unearthed and displayed in the museum. It is cited as the 'Eighth Wonder of the World' and was listed by UNESCO in 1987 as one of the world cultur

38、al heritages.Spending some time at the on the way back from the Terra Cotta Army site is a must for every visitor to Xian. For centuries emperors came here to bathe and enjoy the scenic beauty, and it has been a favorite spa since the Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D). The palace complex has also been the

39、scene of political intrigue, so there is plenty of interest to discover during your visit.Covering an area of about 100,000 square meters, the was a village settlement of the earliest inhabitants of Xian, typical of the Neolithic Yangshao culture. At this site, archaeologists have discovered nearly

40、10,000 production tools and daily utensils of various kinds and the remains of 45 houses, 200 cellars, 6 pottery kilns, 174 adults' burial pits and 73 children's burial jars.Every Ming city (1368-1644) had a bell tower and a drum tower. The bell was sounded at dawn and the drum at dusk. The

41、two buildings at Xian are the best known in China. The was built in the city center and from the top can enjoy a panoramic view of the whole of Xian. Not far away to the west is the , a large drum inside was for marking the passage of time each night in ancient times. Now, they are outstanding examp

42、les of the ancient architecture of Xian.Housing more than 2,300 famous steles and inscribed memorial tablets of the Han, Wei, Sui, Tang, Yuan, Ming, Qing dynasties and known as the largest 'stone-book warehouse in China, the in Xian is a treasure house of calligraphic art. It is situated on Sanx

43、ue Jie, near the south gate of the Xian . The City Wall in Xian is the most complete city wall to survive in China, as well being one of the largest ancient military defensive systems in the world. It was built first in the early Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and renovated in recent years. Outside the ci

44、ty wall is a moat. A circular park has now been built along the high wall and the deep moat.Xian is the capital city of the prosperous Tang Dynasty (618-907). Many visitors come here in the hope of experiencing the glorious Tang culture. "Back to Tang Dynasty" is what echoes in their minds

45、. , opened in 2005, is the biggest Tang culture theme park which is praised as "Garden of History", "Garden of Nature" and "Garden of Human Culture". , by presenting an outstanding performance of Tangs dance and music, explains to visitors the splendid culture and livin

46、g style of that remote dynasty. These are the two sites recommended to you to have a glance at Tang Dynasty.If you are interested in archaeology, you can visit the , the joint tomb of Liu Qi, a notable emperor in Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-220AD), and his empress, Empress Wang. , the joint mausoleu

47、m of Emperor Gaozong and his empress Wu Zetian, the only woman ruler in Chinese history. Also , a right place to understand ancient Chinese burial system.The natural scenery in and around Xian is also worth mentioning. , one of the five sacred mountains in China, is famous for precipitous crags, nar

48、row and steep mountain paths. is noted for picturesque mountainous scenery, lively hot spring and profound cultural relics.Xian has many temples. is an important and popular spot celebrating Taoism; is one of the oldest Buddhist temples in China; is a notable Buddhist temple built in Tang Dynasty (6

49、18-907) is an old street paved with bluestone plate, both sides of which stand a row of muslin restaurants decorated in Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) Dynasties styles. This is the right place to taste Xian snacks, and maybe you can have a chance to to experience locals life on the street. An

50、other street youd better not miss is which is a cultural street also designed in ancient architectural style. Strolling on this street, you can buy many articles unique to China, such as the four treasures of study, calligraphic works and paintings like .Additional attractions are the and of the Tan

51、g Dynasty (618-907 A.D), while worshipers still frequent the and the famous noted for its collection of Sakyamuni's relics. is the treasure house of 130,000 precious cultural relics belonging to several dynasties. These together with the magnificent are all highly recommended attractions to be v

52、isited when you come to Xian. provides visitors with a fresh and free environment to watch animals. Moreover, a unique type of dwelling , exists mainly in northern part of Shaanxi Province, is also worth visiting.Related links: About 143 miles away from Xian, it is a small city famed as the "La

53、nd of Literature and History". Among its numerous historical and cultural relics, Sima Qian Temple, Dang Village and the Confucius Temple are the most appealing scenery for a visit.: About nineteen miles northwest of Xian, it is an ancient city known to the world as the capital of Qin Dynasty.

54、Its suburbs are scattered widely with mausoleums of emperors and royal families of several dynasties, of which Maoling Mausoleum, Tomb of Crown Prince Yide, Tomb of Crown Prince Zhanghuai and Zhaoling Mausoleum are worth visiting.Big Wild Goose PagodaAs the symbol of the old-line Xian, Big Wild Goos

55、e Pagoda is a well-preserved ancient building and a holy place for Buddhists. It is located in the southern suburb of Xian City, about 4 kilometers (2.49 miles) from the downtown of the city. Standing in the Da Ci'en Temple complex, it attracts numerous visitors for its fame in the Buddhist reli

56、gion, its simple but appealing style of construction, and its new square in front of the temple. It is rated as a National Key Cultural Relic Preserve as well as an AAAA Tourist Attraction.This attraction can be divided into three parts: the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the Da Ci'en Temple, and the No

57、rth Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda.Big Wild Goose PagodaOriginally built in 652 during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), it functioned to collect Buddhist materials that were taken from India by the hierarch Xuanzang.Xuanzang started off from Chang'an (the ancient Xian

58、), along the Silk Road and through deserts, finally arriving in India, the cradle of Buddhism. Enduring 17 years and traversing 100 countries, he obtained Buddha figures, 657 kinds of sutras, and several Buddha relics. Having gotten the permission of Emperor Gaozong (628-683), Xuanzang, as the first

59、 abbot of Da Ci'en Temple, supervised the building of a pagoda inside it. With the support of royalty, he asked 50 hierarchs into the temple to translate Sanskrit in sutras into Chinese, totaling 1,335 volumes, which heralded a new era in the history of translation. Based on the journey to India

60、, he also wrote a book entitled 'Pilgrimage to the West' in the Tang Dynasty, to which scholars attached great importance.First built to a height of 60 meters (197 feet) with five stories, it is now 64.5 meters (211.6 feet) high with an additional two stories. It was said that after that addition came the saying-'Saving a life exceeds building a seven-storied pagoda'. Externally it lo