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1、拉力 tensile force正应力 normal stress切应力 shear stress静水压力 hydrostatic pressure集中力 concentrated force分布力 distributed force线性应力应变关系linear relationship between stress andstrain弹性模量 modulus of elasticity横向力 lateral force transverse force轴向力 axial force拉应力 tensile stress压应力 compressive stress平衡方程 equilibrium

2、 equation静力学方程equations of static比例极限 proportional limit应力应变曲线stress-strain curve拉伸实验 tensile test屈服应力 yield stress 极限应力 ultimate stress轴 shaft梁 beam纯剪切 pure shear横截面积 cross-sectional area挠度曲线 deflection curve曲率半径 radius of curvature曲率半径的倒数 reciprocal of radius of curvature纵轴 longitudinal axis悬臂梁 ca

3、ntilever beam简支梁 simply supported beam微分方程 differential equation惯性矩 moment of inertia静矩 static moment扭矩 torque moment弯矩 bending moment弯矩对x的导数 derivative of bending moment with respect to x弯矩对x的二阶导数 the second derivative ofbending moment with respect to x静定梁 statically determinate beam静不定梁 statically

4、 indeterminate beam相容方程 compatibility equation补充方程 complementary equation中性轴 neutral axis圆截面 circular cross section两端作用扭矩 twisted by couples at two ends刚体 rigid body扭转角 twist angle静力等效 statically equivalent相互垂直平面mutually perpendicular planes通过截面形心 throughthe centroid of the cross section一端铰支 pin sup

5、port at one end一端固定 fixed atone end弯矩图 bending moment diagram剪力图 shear force diagram剪力突变 abrupt change in shear force、旋转和平移 rotation and translation虎克定律 hooks law 边界条件 boundarycondition初始位置 initialposition、力矩面积法moment-area method绕纵轴转动 rotateabout a longitudinal axis横坐标 abscissa扭转刚度 torsional rigidit

6、y拉伸刚度 tensile rigidity剪应力的合力resultant of shear stress正应力的大小magnitude of normal stress脆性破坏 brittle fail对称平面 symmetry plane刚体的平衡 equilibrium of rigid body约束力 constraint force重力 gravitational force际作用力 actual force三维力系 three-dimentional force system合力矩 resultant moment标量方程 scalar equation、矢量方程 vector e

7、quation张量方程 tensor equation汇交力系 cocurrent system of forces任意一点 an arbitrary point合矢量 resultant vector反作用力 reaction force反作用力偶 reaction couple转动约束 restriction against rotation平动约束 restriction against translation运动的趋势 tendency of motion绕给定轴转动 rotate about a specific axis沿一个方向运动 movein a direction控制方程

8、control equation共线力 collinear forces平面力系 planar force system一束光 a beam of light未知反力 unknown reaction forces参考框架 frame of reference大小和方向 magnitude and direction几何约束 geometric restriction刚性连接 rigidly connected运动学关系 kinematical relations运动的合成 superposition of movement固定点 fixed point平动的叠加 superposition

9、of translation刚体的角速度 angular speed of a rigid body质点动力学 particle dynamics运动微分方程 differential equation of motion工程实际问题 practical engineering problems变化率 rate of change动量守恒 conservation of linear momentum定性的描述 qualitative description点线 dotted line划线 dashed line实线 solid line矢量积 vector product点积 dot pro

10、duct极惯性矩 polar moment of inertia角速度 angular velocity角加速度 angular accelerationinfinitesimal amount 无穷小量definite integral 定积分a certain interval of time 某一时间段kinetic energy 动能conservative force 保守力damping force 阻尼力coefficient of damping 阻尼系数free vibration 自由振动periodic disturbance 周期性扰动viscous force 粘性力

11、forced vibration 强迫震动general solution 通解particular solution 特解transient solution 瞬态解steady state solution 稳态解second order partial differential equation 二阶偏微分方程external force 外力internal force 内力stress component 应力分量state of stress 应力状态coordinate axes 坐标系conditions of equilibrium 平衡条件body force 体力cont

12、inuum mechanics 连续介质力学displacement component 位移分量additional restrictions 附加约束compatibility conditions 相容条件mathematical formulations 数学公式isotropic material 各向同性材料sufficient small 充分小state of strain 应变状态unit matrix 单位矩阵dilatation strain 膨胀应变the first strain invariant 第一应变不变量deviator stress components

13、应力偏量分量the first invariant of stress tensor 应力张量的第一不变量bulk modulus 体积模量constitutive relations 本构关系linear elastic material 线弹性材料mathematical derivation 数学推导a state of static equilibrium 静力平衡状态Newtons first law of motion 牛顿第一运动定律directly proportional to 与成正比stress concentration factor 应力集中系数state of lo

14、ading 载荷状态st venant principle 圣维南原理uniaxial tension 单轴拉伸cylindrical coordinates 柱坐标buckling of columns 柱的屈曲critical value 临界值stable equilibrium 稳态平衡unstable equilibrium condition 不稳定平衡条件critical load 临界载荷a slender column 细长杆fixed at the lower end 下端固定free at the upper end 上端自由critical buckling load 临界屈曲载荷potential energy 势能fixed at both ends 两端固定hinged at both ends 两端铰支tubular member 管型杆件transverse dimention 横向尺寸stability of column 柱的稳定axial force 轴向力elliptical hole 椭圆孔 plane stress 平面应力nominal stress 名义应为principal str