国家开放大学学位英语考试复习-人文英语3阅读练习及参考答案（学位）.docx

1、学位英语人文(3)阅读练习(1)Mostcoupleswhogetmarriedordecidetolivetogethergenerallyplantohavechildren.Severalyearsago,havingbigfamilieswascommonandpeoplethoughtofthisasanadvantage.Thatwasmainlybecausechildrenbeganworkingatanearlyagetohelpprovideforthefamily.Butwiththechangingtimesandwiththecostoflivinggettinghi

2、ghereverysingleyear,havingabigfamilyisnolongerconsideredapracticaloption.Infact,moreandmorecoupleschoosetohaveonlyonechildandsomedonothaveanydesiretobecomeparentsatall.Indeed,thetrendofhavingfewerchildrenstartedafewdecadesago.AccordingtotheAustralianInstituteofFamilyStudies,by1986,womenaged40to44yea

3、rs,wereconsiderablymorelikelytohavegivenbirthtotwochildrenthanthreechildren(36%vs.27%)orfourormorechildren(19%).However,takentogether,womenwerestillmorelikelytohavehadthreeormorechildrenthantohavehadtwochildren(46%vs.36%).Twodecadesago,womenweremorelikelytohavehadtwochildrenthanthreeormorechildren一a

4、trendthatwasmostmarkedinthemostrecentperiod(38%vs.25%in1996;38%vs.22%in2006).Nowadays,mostfamiliesinAustraliahavetwochildren.Butthenumberofwomenwhohadgivenbirthtoasinglechildincreasedprogressivelyfromonly8%in1981to13%in2006,anditshouldbeevenbiggernowadays.TheU.S.CensusBureaustatesthatthereareapproxi

5、mately14milliononlychildreninAmericatoday.Thiscomprises20%ofthechildren'spopulationcomparedtoonly10%aroundfiftyyearsago.I. Whypeoplethoughtofhavingbigfamiliesasagoodthinginthepast?A. Becausethecostoflivingislow.B. Becausehavingabigfamilyisnolongerconsideredapracticaloption.C. Becausepeopleneeded

6、childrentoworkearlytoprovideforthefamily.B. SpeakersofEnglishasasecondlanguagearemorethanthosewhospeakitasafirstlanguage.C. ItisdefinitelypredictedthatEnglishwillstillactasagloballanguageinthefuture.D. EnglishisthemainlanguageofinformationstoredintheInternet.5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthe

7、text?A. TheNumberofEnglishSpeakersB. ThespreadofEnglishLanguageC. English,theGlobalLanguageD. TheDominationofEnglishLanguage人文英语3阅读答案（学位）Passage11-5CBCDAPassage21-5AABADPassage31-5BDDCAPassage41-5CDADBPassage51-5ABDCAPassage61-5BBADCD. Becausehavingbigfamilieswascommon.2. Whatdocstheword“option'

8、'inPara.1mean?A. Itmeans''idea".B.Itmeansttchoicc,.C.Itmeans“challenge”.D.Itmeans"trend”Inthepastwomentendedtohavechildrenthannowadays.A. afewB.fewerC.moreD.lessWhatdoes"this"refertointhelastparagraph?A. theU.S.CensusBureauB.AmericaC.childrenD.14millionWhatisthetopicd

9、iscussedinthetext?A. FamilieshavingfewerchildrennowadaysB. ThetrendofhavingfewerchildrenstarteddecadesagoC. BigfamiliesinthepastwascommonD. Womenweremorelikelytohavefewerchildren(2)Thenumberofelderlypeopleagedabove60hasincreased.DemandforelderlycareservicesinChinawillcontinuetoriseduetotheincreaseda

10、gingpopulation.Thenumberofelderlypeopleagedabove60wasover20()millionin2()12,andwillbe30()millionin2025and400millionin2034,accordingtotheexperts.ItwillbeatoughchallengeforChinatodealwith,duetotheincreasingratesofurbanizationandadecreasingbirthrate.TheChinesepeoplewillbefacingabigchallengeifwedonothav

11、eenoughmoneywhenwegetolder.TheUnitedNationsdefinesanagingsocietyasonethathas10percentofitspopulationatorabovetheageof60.Whenmostdevelopedcountrieswereclassedasanagingsociety,theirgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)percapitastoodatbetween5,000to10,000U.S.dollarsorabove.However,Chinabecameanagingsocietyin2001,a

12、nditsGDPpercapitawasonly1,000U.S.dollars.Itwas6,000U.S.dollarsin2012.China'seconomicfoundationforanelderlysocietyisfragile.OnSeptember13,2013,theStateCouncilissuedaguidelinetospeedupthedevelopmentofChina'selderlycareservices,hopingtocompleteasocialcarenetworkforitselderlyby2025.1. Whatdoes您”

13、refertointhefirstsentenceinPara.2?A. theincreasedagingpopulationB. thenumberofelderlypeopleC. demandforelderlycareservicesD. theincreasingratesofurbanizationWhatdoestheworddecreasinginPara.2mean?A. Itmeans"falling".B.Itmeans"rising''C.Itmeans“demanding”.D.Itmeans“peaking"

14、.2. WhyisChina'seconomicfoundationforanelderlysocietyfragile?A. BecauseofitsdecreasingagingpopulationanditshighGDPpercapita.B. BecauseofitsincreasingagingpopulationanditslowGDPpercapita.C. BecausewhenChinawasclassedasanagingsociety,ourGDPpercapitaishigh.D. Becausewhendevelopedcountrieswereclasse

15、dasanagingsociety,China'sGDPpercapitaislow.3. WhenwasChinaclassedasanagingsociety?A. In2001B.in2012C.in2013D.in2025Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A. Chinaisanagingsociety.B. Chinadoesnothaveenoughmoneytodealwithanagingsociety.C. China'sbirthrateisdecreasing.D. DealingwithChina'selderlysocia

16、lcareserviceisabigchallengeduetoitsincreasingagingpopulationandlowGDPpercapita.(3)TheWichitaFallsPoliceDepartmentistryingtohelpcurbcrimeinneighboringcommunitiesthroughoutthecity.OnSaturdayWichitaFallsPolicegaveafreetwo-hourpresentationtohelplocalskeeptheircommunitycrimefree.Morethan20peopleshowedupa

17、ttheMartinLutherKingCenterineastWichitaFallstobepartofthepresentation.WichitaFallsPoliceOfficerJeffHughessaidthattheywantedtomakesurethefolksouttherewereawaretheyweredoingeverythingtotakeawaytheopportunityfromabadguy.Hughesremindedthoseinattendancethattheirhomescouldbeanopeninvitationtocriminals.One

18、ofthebiggestwaystopreventcrime,accordingtoHughes,istouseCPTED,alsoknownasCrimePreventionThroughEnvironmentalDesign.“Thebiggestsite,thatwearedealingwithnow,thatweareendorsingfully,isNextdoorandit'Thesiteisfreeandithelpslocalssetupavirtualcommunitythattheycaninteractwithfromthecomfortoftheirownhom

19、e."Witallhappensinawebbasedprogramwhereifyousendsomethingoutitgetstothatgrouporthatpersoninstantly,andtheywillgetanalertontheirphoneoranemail,"saidHughes.AccordingtoHughes,hehasalreadyseenapositiveimpactlocallyfromthesiteandhopesitcancontinuetoexpandinWichitaFalls.1. Whatcanweinferfromthef

20、irstparagraph?A. Thepresentationisfree.B. Thepolicedepartmentisplanningtohelplocalscurbcrime.C. Thepolicedepartmentisplanningsternermeasurestocombatcrime.D. Thecrimeinneighboringcommunitiesishardtocurb.2. Whatdoestheword“endorsing'inPara.1mean?A. Itmeans"encouraging".B.Itmeans"sup

21、porting”.C.Itmeans"considering".D.Itmeans"approving".3. WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A. Only20peopleshowedupatthepresentation.B. W、peoplewillfeelmorecomfortathome.C. Isite,youhavetopayforit.D. AccordingtoHughes,oneofthebiggestwaysofcrimepreventionisthrough

22、environmentaldesign.4. Tsitehelpslocalssetupa/ancommunity.A. beautifulB.realC.unrealD.virtueWhatisthemainideaofthistext?A. Tsitecanhelpsetupasafercommunity.B. WichitaFallsPolicegaveafreetwo-hourpresentation.C. WichitaFallsPsite.D. Tsitehasapositiveimpact.(4)Wealltendtothinkthatwearesafeinourhomesbut

23、unfortunately,manyhomesarenotassafeastheyaresupposedtobe.Itisimpossibletomakeyourhome100%burglar-proofbuttherearewaystoimproveyourhomesafety.Alwayslockthedoorandwindowswhenyougooutfbrworkorevenifyouarcinsidethehouse.Theburglarscantakeadvantageoftheopportunityinaminute.Besuspiciousofstrangers.Youcann

24、everknowwhoispretendingtoconductaresearchorwhoisusingitasadisguisetoseeifyourhomeisworthbreakingin.Neverleavevaluablesorcashinvisibleplaces.Hidethemoulofsightbecausetheymayattractburglars.Donotleavethedoorkeyunderplanters,doormatsorsimilarhidingplaces.Theburglarsknowexactlywheretolookforit.Teachyour

25、childrennottoopenthedoororanswerthephonewhentheyarehomealone.Althoughitisbettertomakeanimpressionthatyourhouseisnotempty,childrenmayunintentionallyrevealloomuch,forexample,whenthehomeisempty.Considerinstallinganalarmsystem.Aloudsoundalarmusuallydrivestheburglarsawaybeforetheycanstealanythingfromyour

26、home.Makesureyouhavegoodlightingoutsideduringthenight.Well-lithomesaredeterringtheburglarsbecausetheyincreasetheriskofbeingnoticedwhilestickingaroundthehouseortryingtobreakin.1. Whatisthetopicdiscussedinthetext?A. Besuspiciousofstrangers.B. Howtokeepyourvaluablesorcashsafe.C. Waystokeepyourhomesafe.

27、D. Installanalarmsystemtodrivetheburglarsaway.2. WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A. Itisnotnecessarytolockthedoorandwindowswhenyouareinsidethehouse.B. Itiseasyforyoutorecognizewhoisgoingtobreakinyourhome.C. Well-lithomesmayhelptheburglarstobreakintoyourhome.D. Hidethevaluablesorcashoutofsight

28、becausetheymayattractburglars.3. WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A. Whenyouareinsidethehouse,theburglarsmaynothavetheopportunitytobreakin.B. Itisveryeasyfortheburglarstofindthedoorkeyunderplanter,doormat.C. Installinganalarmsystemmaylowerthechanceofbeingstolen.D. Itisdangerousforchildrento

29、openthedoororanswerthephonewhentheyarehomealone.4. Bysaying"Besuspiciousofstrangers''inPara.3.,thewritermeans.A. keepingthestrangersawayfromusB. catchingthesuspectedstrangersC. beingawareofthestrangersD. nevertrustingstrangers“Deterringtheburglars"inthelastparagraphmeans.A. helping

30、theburglarsbreakintothehouseB. makingtheburglarsnotwanttodosomethingbadC. encouragingtheburglarstorunawayD. warningtheburglars(5)Thelawdefinesyouthfuloffenders(age18orunder)as"delinquent"iftheycommitoffenses.Asforthesameoffenses,thecourtwouldconsideranadultasa"criminal”."Statusof

31、fenders”arejuvenileswhocommitoffensesappropriateonlytojuveniles,suchastruancyfromschool.Hereareafewideastohelppreventyourchildrenfrombecomingdelinquent.Keepyourchildreninschooltohelppreventdelinquency.Minoroffenses,suchastruancy,canleadtomoreseriousoffenses.Makecleartoyourchildrenyourexpectationsabo

32、uttheirschoolattendance.Meetwithschoolofficialsifnecessary.Exerciseadequatesupervision.Juvenilesrarelycommitseriousoffenseswhileunderthesupervisionofanadult.Seektheassistanceofyourlocalserviceagenciesifyoufeelyoucannotcontrolyourchildren.Attendparentingclasses,orjoinalocalsupportgroupifyouarehavingt

33、roubleunderstandinghowtoexercisediscipline.Educateyourchildrenaboutthedangersofdrugs.Drugoffensesandaddictioncanhaveseriousconsequencesforyourchildren.Letyourchildrenknowyouwillnottoleratedruguse.Stayinformedaboutdrugusetrendsinchildren.Getyourchildreninvolvedinafter-schoolrecreationalactivities,spo

34、rts,communityserviceorotherpositiveactivities.Youngpeoplewithpositiveoutletsfortheirenergyaremorelikelytodowellinschoolandavoidtheproblemsofdelinquency.Knowwhoyourchildren'sfriendsarc.Showaninterestinyourchildren'ssociallifeandpeergroups.Peerpressuremayhaveabadeffectonteenagersandyoungpeople

35、.Donotallowyourchildrentoassociatewithjuveniledelinquents.1. Whatisthetopicdiscussedinthetext?A. Waystohelppreventchildrenfrombecomingdelinquent.B. Thedifferencebetween"delinquent"and"criminal''.C. Howtoeducateyourchildrenaboutthedangersofdrugs.D. Truancycanleadtomoreseriousof

36、fenses.2. WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A. Thecourtwouldconsideryouthfuloffendersas"criminals”iftheycommitoffenses.B. Childrenalwaysinvolvedinpositiveactivitiesaremorelikelytodowellinschoolandavoidtheproblemsofdelinquency.C. Youmustmeetwithschoolofficialstopreventyourchildrenfromdelinq

37、uency.D. Youngpeoplemaycommilseriousoffenseswhileunderthesupervisionofanadult.3. WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A. Keepyourchildrenawayfromjuveniledelinquents.B. Informyourchildrenthatyouwillnottoleratedruguse.C. Ifyoucannotcontrolyourchildren,askforhelpfromthelocalserviceagencies.D. Yout

38、hfuloffendersaged19mayberegardedas"delinquent"iftheycommitoffenses.4. “Truancyfromschool"inthefirstparagraphmeans.A. BadhabitsinschoolB. CommittingoffensesinschoolC. BeingabsentfromschoolregularlyD. AttendanceatschoolWhatdocsthewordfctadequateinPara.3mean?A.Itmeans“enough".B.Itme

39、ansuappropriate,C.Itmeans''accurate".D.Itmeans''advantage”.(6)Englishisspokenasanativelanguagebyaround377millionpeople,andasasecondlanguagebyaround375millionspeakersintheworld.SpeakersofEnglishasasecondlanguagewillsoonoutnumberthosewhospeakitasafirstlanguage.Around750millionpeop

40、learebelievedtospeakEnglishasaforeignlanguage.Englishhasanofficialoraspecialstatusin75countrieswithatotalpopulationofover2billion.ThedominationoftheEnglishlanguagegloballyisasurething.Englishisthelanguageofinternationalcommunications,business,tourism,education,science,computertechnology,mediaandtheInternet.Surprisingly,70%ofallinfo