作文考前点拨班讲义

1、王耕伟wanggengweiGRE作文考前点拨班课程内容以高频题目为载体回顾写作要点点拨经典雷区ISSUE题干：15213. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students field of study.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your

2、position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.具体性指令：6如何破？点：题干具体性指令从题干角度破题13. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students field of study.“建议类”题目破题原理：建议的“诸要素”必要性“两个建议”可行性建议后果充分性Conv

3、en0on vs Innova0on Learning vs Explora0on传统与Individual vs Society创新Elite vs Public当下与长远与 整体常见的“XX vs XX”Present vs Future Urgent vs Ul0mate合作与竞争Coopera0on vs Compe00on Conformity vs Diversity理性与感性 Pragma0sm vs IdealismRa0onal vs Emo0onal13. Universities should require every student to take a variety

4、 of courses outside the students field of study.不需要需要提纲：13. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students field of study.立场：总体上不同意（论点的“两个清楚”）同意：有一些课确实能帮助学生提高综合素质，加深对本学科的理解不同意：可行性：教学可能吃紧；可能受到部分课业大的学生的充分性：上课不代表能吸收，吸收不代表能运用替代方案：选修课“建议类”的其他高频题86. Some people

5、 believe that government ocials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that ocials should base their decisions on their own judgment.137. EducaEonal insEtuEons have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing elds of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.“建议类”

6、的其他高频题82. Colleges and universiEes should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.81. All parents should be required to volunteer Eme to their children's schools.36. Governments should not fund any scienEc research whose consequences are unclear.61. Pe

7、ople should undertake risky acEon only aOer they have carefully considered its consequences.从instruction角度破题13. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students field of study.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree w

8、ith the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.“他人看法”类我们是这样写的：Someone else may argue other fields knowledge can give students new ways of thinking. However, I cant agree with this

9、 opinion and students should therefore still focus on their own majors.那应该怎么写呢？再来看一道题：120. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: Great achievements by a nation's rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life

10、for the majority of that nation's people.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.其他经典题目55. In order for any work of artfor example, a lm, a novel, a poem, or a songto have merit, it must be underst

11、andable to most people.8. Claim: In any eldbusiness, poliEcs, educaEon, government those in power should step down aOer ve years.Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalizaEon through new leadership.27. In any eld of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to mak

12、e important contribuEons.从instruction角度破题120. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: Great achievements by a nation's rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation's people.

13、Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.其他经典题目139. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be leO to poliEcians and other government experts.Reason: PoliEcians and other government experts are more

14、 informed and thus havebeer judgment and perspecEve than do members of teral public.8. Claim: In any eldbusiness, poliEcs, educaEon, government those in power should step down aOer ve years.Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalizaEon through newleadership.22. Claim: The be

15、st way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role ms.Reason: Heroes and role ms reveal a society's highest ideals.Issue的Instruction汇总27. In any eld of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the e

16、xpert to make important contribu0ons.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the posiEon you take. In developing andsupg your posiEon, you should consider ways in which the statement might ormight not hold true

17、 and explain how these consideraEons shape your posiEon.Issue的Instruction汇总131. Claim: Researchers should not limit their inves0ga0ons to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, prac0cal applica0on.Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line o

18、f research with any certainty.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.Issue的Instruction汇总68. Some people believe that the purpose of educa0on is to free the mind and the spirit. Others believe that for

19、mal educa0on tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own posiEon and explain your reasoning for the posiEon you take. In developingand supg your posiEon, you should address both of the views pres

20、ented.Issue的Instruction汇总65. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with theclaim. In developing and supg your posiEon, be sure to address the mostcompe

21、lling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your posiEon.Issue的Instruction汇总80. Na0ons should suspend government funding for the arts when signicant numbers of their ci0zens are hungry or unemployed.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree wit

22、h the recommendaEon and explain your reasoning for the posiEon you take. Indeveloping and supg your posiEon, describe specic circumstances in whichadopEng the recommendaEon would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your posiEon.12Governments should oer a free university

23、 educa0on to any student who has been admiZed to a university but who cannot aord the tui0on.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain yourreasoning for the posiEon you take. In developing and supg your posiEon, youshould consider the possible consequences of impleme

24、nEng the policy and explain how these consequences shape your posiEon.中间段写法来看一道例题：55. In order for any work of artfor example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a songto have merit, it must be understandable to most people.分论点：有价值的艺术也可以不通俗易懂我们是这样写的：It is not necessarily for some work of art, which also ha

25、s merit, to be understandable to most people. For example, how many people really understand the works of Picasso? But no one can deny the merit of his works. Therefore, to have merit, the work of art does not have to be understandable to most people as long as it is great.那么应该怎么写呢？全文结构评分标准Score 3A

26、3 paper demonstrates some competence in addressing the speci analyzing the issue, and in conveying meaning but is obviously awed.k direc0ons, inA typical paper in this category exhibits ONE OR MORE of the following characteris0cs:1.It is vague or limited in addressing the specideveloping a posi0on o

27、n the issue.k direcEons and in presen0ng or2. It is weak in the use of relevant reasons or examples, or relies largely on unsupported claims.3. It is poorly focused and/or poorly organized.4. It has problems in language and sentence structure that result in a lack of clarity.5. It contains occasiona

28、l major errors or frequent minor errors in grammar, usage, or mechanics that can interfere with meaning.Score 6In addressing the specik direcEons, a 6 paper presents acogent, well-­ar0culated analysis of the issue and conveys meaning skillfully.A typical paper in this category exhibits the foll

29、owing characteris0cs:1. It ar0culates a clear and insigh_ul posi0on on the issue in accordance with the assigned task.2. It develops the posi0on fully, with compelling reasons and/orpersuasive examples.3. It sustains a well-­focused, well-­organized analysis, connecEng ideas logically.4. I

30、t conveys ideas uently and precisely, using eecEve vocabulary and sentence variety.5. It demonstrates facility with the conven0ons of standard wrienEnglish (i.e., grammar, usage, and mechanics) but may have minorerrors.Issue讲完了Argument更！Argument的Instruction汇总1.Write a response in which you discuss w

31、hat specic evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.Argument的Instruction汇总2. Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternaEve explanaEons that could rival the proposed explana0on and explain how your explana0on(s) ca

32、n plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.Argument的Instruction汇总3. Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumpEons of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assump0ons and what the implica0ons are for the argument if the assum

33、pEons prove unwarranted.Argument的Instruction汇总4. Write a response in which you discuss what quesEons would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendaEon is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these ques0ons would help to evaluate the recommen

34、daEon.Argument的Instruction汇总1.Write a response in which you discuss what specic evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.2. Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternaEve explanaEons that could rival the proposed e

35、xplana0on and explain how your explana0on(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.3. Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumpEons of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assump0ons and what the implica0ons are for

36、the argument if the assumpEons prove unwarranted.4. Write a response in which you discuss what quesEons would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendaEon is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these ques0ons would help to evaluate the recom

37、mendaEon.：这几种instrucEon什么关系？想Argument的Instruction汇总5. Write a response in which you discuss what quesEons would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendaEon and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these ques0ons would help to ev

38、aluate the recommendaEon.6. Write a response in which you discuss what quesEons would need to be answered in order to decide whether the predicEon and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these ques0ons would help to evaluate the predicEon.7. Write

39、a response in which you discuss what quesEons would need to be answered in order to decide whether the advice and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these ques0ons would help to evaluate the advice.8. Write a response in which you discuss what que

40、sEons would need to be addressedin order to decide whether theand the argument on which it is based arereasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to the ques0ons would help toevaluate the.EvidenceAssump0on还剩一周，面对崭新的Instruction， 我该怎么办？来看看高频题吧132. The following appeared in a leZer to the school bo

41、ard in the town of Centerville. "All students should be required to take the driver's educa0on course at Centerville High School. In the past two years, several accidents in and around Centerville have involvedteenage drivers. Since a number of parents in Centerville have complained that th

42、ey are toobusy to teach their teenagers to drive, some other instruc0on is necessary to ensure that these teenagers are safe drivers. Although there are two driving schools in Centerville, parents on a 0ght budget cannot aord to pay for driving instruc0on. Therefore an eec0ve and mandatory program s

43、ponsored by the high school is the only solu0on to this serious problem."Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assump0ons of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assump0ons and what the implica0ons are for the argument if the assump0ons p

44、rove unwarranted.来看看高频题吧58. The vice president for human resources at Climpson Industries sent the following recommenda0on to the company's president."In an eort to improve our employees' produc0vity, we should implement electronic monitoring of employees' Internet use from their wo

45、rksta0ons. Employees who use the Internet inappropriately from their worksta0ons need to be iden0ed and punished if weare to reduce the number of work hours spent onal or recrea0onal ac0vi0es, such asshopping or playing games. Installing sojware on company computers to detect employees' Internet

46、 use is the best way to prevent employees from was0ng 0me on the job. It will foster a beZer work ethic at Climpson and improve our overall prots."Write a response in which you discuss what specic evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthe

47、n the argument.来看看高频题吧14. The following appeared as part of an ar0cle in a business magazine."A recent study ra0ng 300 male and female adver0sing execu0ves according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an associa0on between the amount of sleep the execu0ves need and the s

48、uccess of their rms. Of the adver0sing rms studied, those whose execu0ves reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher prot margins and faster growth. These results suggest that if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per

49、night."来看看高频题吧60. The following appeared in a leZer from a rm providing investment advice for a client."Most homes in the northeastern United States, where winters are typically cold, have tradi0onally used oil as their major fuel for hea0ng. Last hea0ng season that region experienced 90 d

50、ays with below-­normal temperatures, and climate forecasters predict that this weather paZern will con0nue for several more years. Furthermore, many new homes are being built in the region in response to recent popula0on growth. Because of these trends, we predict an increased demand for hea0ng

51、 oil and recommend investment in Consolidated Industries, one of whose major business opera0ons is the retail sale of home hea0ng oil."来看看高频题吧41. The following appeared in a health newsleZer."A ten-­year na0onwide study of the eec0veness of wearing a helmet while bicycling indicates t

52、hat ten years ago, approximately 35 percent of all bicyclists reported wearing helmets, whereas today that number is nearly 80 percent.Another study, however, suggests that during the same ten-­year period, the number of bicycle-­related accidents has increased 200 percent. These results d

53、emonstrate that bicyclists feel safer because they are wearing helmets, and they take more risks as a result. Thus, to reduce the number of serious injuries from bicycle accidents, the government should concentrate more on educa0ng people about bicycle safety and less on encouraging or requiring bic

54、yclists to wear helmets."Score 3A 3 response demonstrates some competence in addressing the specikdirec0ons, in examining the argument, and in conveying meaning but is obviously awed.A typical response in this category exhibits ONE OR MORE of the followingcharacteris0cs:1.It does not idenEfy or

55、 examine most of the aspects of the argument relevant to the assigned task, although some relevant examinaEon of the argument is present.2. It mainly discusses tangen0al or irrelevant maZers, or reasons poorly.3. It is limited in the logical development and organiza0on of ideas.4. It oers support of

56、 liZle relevance and value for its main points.5. It has problems in language and sentence structure that result in a lack of clarity.6. It contains occasional major errors or frequent minor errors in grammar, usage, or mechanics that can interfere with meaning.Score 6In addressing the specik direcE

57、ons, a 6 response presents a cogent, well-­ar0culated examina0on of the argument and conveys meaning skillfully.A typical response in this category exhibits the following characteris0cs:1.It clearly idenEes aspects of the argument relevant to the assigned task andexamines them insigh_ully.2. It develops ideas cogently, organizes them logically, and connects them with clear transiEons.3. It