非谓语动词精要讲解和练习

1、不定式的时态和语态是常考点。He seemed to be waiting for someone(进行性)He felt ashamed to have done such a thing(表在谓语词前已发生)The book is said to have been translated into Chinese(表在谓语前已被做)He asked not to be sent home (否定，被动)动名词I apologized for not having kept my promise(动名词的完成体，表在谓语所表动作前已发生)He was lucky to escape bein

2、g killed in the car accident(动名词的被动式)现在分词NMET2001, 35_such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the riverAHaving suffered BSuffering CTo suffer DSuffered 答案为A，现在分词的完成被动形式，表已发生在主句前的动作。The building being repaired is our library(被动形式，正在被)Having been given such a good chance, how

3、could she give it up ?(现在分词的完成被动形式，常代之以过去分词。过去分词 只有一种形式，表完成或被动概念。 非谓语动词作句子成分 独立主格结构有时，作状语部分的动词和句子主语没有合理联系，但为了表达的简洁性，仍然采用短语形式来作状语，但状语本身自带主语。 Weather permitting, we'll go to the seaside(=If weather permits) There being no buses, we had to walk home on foot(=As there were no buses) 动名词的复合结构构成形式为：名词

4、's (或物主代词) +动名词-作主语名词(或名词)/ 物主代词(或人称代词的宾格形式)+动名词-作宾语 His coming made us happyI'm surprised at his(him)saying that 独立主格结构有时，作状语部分的动词和句子主语没有合理联系，但为了表达的简洁性，仍然采用短语形式来作状语，但状语本身自带主语。 Weather permitting, we'll go to the seaside(=If weather permits) There being no buses, we had to walk home on f

5、oot(=As there were no buses) 动名词的复合结构构成形式为：名词's (或物主代词) +动名词-作主语名词(或名词)/ 物主代词(或人称代词的宾格形式)+动名词-作宾语 His coming made us happyI'm surprised at his(him)saying that哪些动词后要接动名词而不接不定式作宾语 I would appreciate_back this afternoonAyou to call Byou callCyour calling Dyou're calling此题应选C。因为动词appreciate(

6、感激)之后通常接动名词作宾语。类似地，以下动词通常也只用动名词作宾语：appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 can't help 禁不住consider 考虑 dislike 厌恶 enjoy 喜爱excuse 原谅 finish 完成 give up 放弃imagine 想象 keep 保持 mind 介意miss 错过 practise 练习 put off 推迟risk 冒险 stop 停止 suggest 建议forbid 禁止 advise 建议 allow 允许permit 允许I couldn't help laughing when I heard th

7、e news听到这个消息我禁不住笑了起来。I can't imagine doing work with them我无法想象与他们一起工作。 He practises playing the piano every day他每天练习弹钢琴。Would you mind opening the window？打开窗户你介意吗？The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught这只小松鼠很幸运，没有被抓住。He advised selling the old car他建议卖掉这部旧汽车。 你知道什么叫悬垂分词吗_ the road

8、，a car knocked him down ACrossing BCrossed CWhen he was crossing DTo cross此题应选C。其余均可能被误选。分析如下：选项B不对，因为它是过去分词，其后不应有宾语。选项A，D不对，因为该非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致-构成悬垂分词。一般说来，作状语用的非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致，否则便是错句。比较：为了通过考试，(他)每分钟都用来学习。误：To pass the exam，every minute was spent in studying正：To pass the exam，he spent every

9、 minute in studying信读了第二次之后，意思就更清楚了。误：Reading the letter a second time，the meaning became clearer正：Being read a second time，the letter became clearer in meaning狗叫得厉害，所以我把它放了出去。误：Barking madly，I led the dog out正：Barking madly，the dog was let out但是，在有些特殊的结构(只有少数固定结构)中，非谓语动词可以没有逻辑主语：Judging frombywhat

10、he said，he was a cheat从他说的话来看，他就是个骗子.高考题选 1They knew her very wellThey had seen her _ up from childhood(MET88)Agrow Bgrew Cwas growing Dto grow2.The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable to _(MET88) AsitBsit on Cbe satDbe sat on3She didn't remember _him before(MET88)

11、Ahaving met Bhave metCto meet Dto having met4Mother _ us stories when we were young(MET88)Awas used to tell Bis used to telling Cused to tellDused to telling5Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one(MET89) Ato do BdoingCwith Dto be doing6-What do you think of the book? -Oh, excell

12、entIt' s worth _a second time(MET89) Ato readBto be read Creading Dbeing read7.Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? (MET89) Alay Blain Claying Dlying8 .There was a terrible noise _the sudden burst of light(MET89) Afollowed Bfollowing Cto be followed Dbeing followed9-Good morningCan I help y

13、ou ? -I'd like to have this package, madam(MET89) Abe weighed Bto be weighed Cto weigh Dweighed10She pretended _ me when I passed by(MET98) Anot to see Bnot seeing Cto not see Dhaving not seen11_more attention ,the tree could have grown better(MET90) AGiven BTo give CGivingDHaving given 12.Most

14、of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa(MET90) Ainvited Bto invite Cbeing invited Dhad been invited 13Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job(MET90) Aso not as to Bso as not to Cso as to not Dnot so as to14She searched the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side

15、 of the path(MET90) Ato have rested Bresting Cto rest Drest15Last summer I took a course on (MET90) Ahow to make dress Bhow dress be made Chow to be made dressDhow dress to be made16.The secretary worked late into the night , _ a long speech for the president(MET91) Ato prepare Bpreparing Cprepared

16、Dwas preparing17She' s upstairs _ letters(NMET91 ) Awrites Bis writing Cwrite Dwriting18 .The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself _(NMET91) Ahear Bto hear Cheating Dheard19.The murderer was brought in , with his hands _ behind his back(MET91)Abeing tied Bhaving tied Cto

17、be tied Dtied20On Saturday afternoon, MrGreen went to the market, _some bananas and visited his cousin(MET91) Abought Bbuying Cto buy Dbuy  1A see是感官动词，后接不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语，表示从小看到长大成人的全过程。2B sit与chair有逻辑上的动宾关系。sit是不及物动词，故需要介词on，且to sit on只能用主动表被动。"It is+adj+to do"为固定句式，用主动表被动。3A 从原题中的be

18、fore这一信息词可暗示考生remember后接having done/doing/to have done等表示"记得做过了"。4C 从原题中when we were young这一信息句可判断，应用used to/would表示过去常常。A项："被使用去做"。B项："现在习惯于做"。D项是语法错误。5A 从原题中after you have finished this one和the other exercise这一信息句可知，A项表示继续做与原来不同的事。B、C项是表示继续做与原来相同的事。D项不符合语法。6C be(well)

19、worth doing是惯用法，其中doing是主动形式表示被动意思。7D lying是现在分词作后置定语，相当于who is lying这样的定语从句。lie是不及物动词"躺"的意思。8B noise与follow之间是主动关系，故用现在分词following作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句which followed the sudden burst of light9D 原题中的have只能理解成使役动词，故have sthdone是找人干某事。如果把have理解成"有"的意思，答语应改为I have a package to be weighed1

20、0A pretend后只接不定式作宾语，且not应放在不定式to之前。11A give与主句中的主语the tree之间有逻辑上的被动关系，且从主句看，考生应知，这是一个表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。故该句相当于If the tree had been given more attention，the tree could have grown better12A 原题were from South Africa可知，the party已开完。故用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成。13B so as to相当于in order to，它的否定式应放在不定式to之前。注意so as to不用

21、于句首。14C stop to do sth=stop and do sth是停下来所做的事而去做另一件事。stop doing是停止做某事。15A 疑问词how加不定式，可作介词的宾语。16B 用现在分词作伴随状语。A项是不定式，可做目的状语，但目的状语前不用逗号。C、D属语法错误。17D 可参看16题。18D make oneself done是惯用法。在本题的意思是："使自己的声音被别人听到"。19D 在with结构中，hands与tie之间的关系是被动关系，故排除B项。tied不仅表示被动，还表示完成动作，故排除A、C项。20A 从原题中的最后一个动作and vis

22、ited可知，这是三个一连串的动作作谓语21 .Jane was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment(MET91) Ato washBwashingCwash Dto be washing22Mrsmith warned her daughter _ after drinking(MET91) Anever to drive Bto never drive Cnever driving Dnever drive23-The light in the office is still on.-Oh , I _forgot (MET91) Atur

23、ning it off Bturn it off Cto turn it off Dhaving turned it off24I can hardly imagine Peter _across the Atlantic Ocean in five days(MET91) AsailBto sail Csailing Dto have sailed25-Shall we go skating or stay at home? (MET92) -Which _do yourself ? Ado your rather Bwould you ratherCwill you rather Dsho

24、uld you rather26 _a reply , he decided to write again(MET92) ANot receiving BReceiving not CNot having received DHaving not received27The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off(NMET92)Ato have stolen Bto be stealingCto steal Dstealing28Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening(

25、MET92) Ato be taken Bto take Cbeing taken Dtaking29-I usually go there by train.-Why not _ by boat for a change? (MET92) Ato try going Btrying to go Cto try and go Dtry going30I would appreciate _back this afternoon (MET92)Ayou to call Byou call Cyour calling Dyou' re calling31_ is a good form o

26、f exercise for both young and old(NMET92)AThe walkBWalking CTo walkDWalk32"Can't you read?" Mary said _to the notice(MET93) Aangrily pointingBand point angrily Cangrily pointed Dand angrily pointing 33.The computer centre, _last year, is very popular among the students in this school(M

27、ET93) Aopen Bopening Chaving opened Dopened34Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer(MET93) Ato invent Binventing Cto have invented Dhaving invented35How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (MET93) Ato take Btake Ctaking Dto be taking36_ down the radio-the baby's a

28、sleep in the next room(MET93) ATurning BTo turn CTurned DTurn37The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _that he had enjoyed his stay here(NMET94) Ahaving added Bto addCadding Dadded38The first text books _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th centu

29、ry(NMET94)Ahaving written Bto be writtenCbeing written Dwritten39She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later(NMET94) Aarriving Bto arrive Chaving arrived Dand arrived40The missing boys were last seen _ near the river(NMET94) Aplaying Bto be playing Cplay Dto play21A make sb do这一句型变成被动语态时为：be ma

30、de to do sth22A warn sb not(never) to do sth是惯用法。23C forget to do sth是"是忘记去做某事"，forget与remember的用法一样。可参看3题。24C imagine后接动名词作宾语。Peter是sailing的逻辑主语，也可写成Peter's，它们合起来称为动名词的复合结构。25B would rather do sth是惯用法，变问句时，把would提前。26C receive与主句的主语he之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词，但主句中的again又暗示考生，分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前

31、，因此用现在分词的完成式。not必须置于分词之前。此句可理解为：As/Since he hadn't received a reply，he decided to write again27D 考生如果掌握catch sb doing(发现某人正在做某事)这一短语，便可知girl与catch之间是被动关系，因此用catch的过去分词形式作后置定语，相当于a girl who was caught stealing28A should love to=would like to且Jim与take之间是被动关系。29D 抓住原题中的for a change便知why not+do表示一种建

32、议，而try to do是"尽力设法作某事，try doing是"试着做"。30C appreciate需要动名词作宾语，your calling是动名词的复合结构。31B 动名词作主语通常表示习惯性，泛指、经常性、不具体的动作。而不定式作主语则表示一次性、特指、未来、具体的动作。原题中的a good form又暗示考生，这个动作是泛指的，经常性的。32A 现在分词作伴随状语，且angrily这一副词修饰said可参看16、17题。33D opened是过去分词作非限定性定语，与先行词the computer centre之间是被动关系，相当于which was

33、opened last year，即："去年开业的"。34C 考生要掌握consider sb to do sth"认为某人做某事"这一惯用法，且原题中的the first computer这一信息词语暗示考生，invent这一动作发生在consider之前，因此用不定式的完成式，表示不定式的动作定于谓语动作，这句话可理解为People generally consider Charies Babbage to have invented the first computer原题是该句的被动语态。35C what/how about+doing sth，

34、而the two of us是动名词的逻辑主语，它们合起来构成动名词的复合结构。36D 这是一个祈使句。意思是："请把收音机的音量调小些。"原题中的破折号相当于一个连接词for，说明音量调小的原因。37C 可参看16、17、32题。adding意为"补充说"。38D A项不能作后置定语。B项表示未来的动作。C项表示正在进行的动作。textbooks与write之间有被动关系。但原题中的the first textbooks和came out in the 16th century可暗示考生，选written表示被动且有完成的意思。39D 原题中的an h

35、our later这一信息词语暗示考生set out与arrive是一先一后的两个并列动作。A项中的arriving与set out同时发生，这是不可能的。不能一出发，一个小时后就到达。B项to arrive是set out的目的状语，不符合题意。C项的动作先于set out动作，不符合逻辑。40A see为感官动词，其用法有两种：see sbdo(表示看到全过程)，see sbdoing (表示看到某人正干某事，是一个场景)，本句强调是"最后一次看到"应理解为"正在干某事"，故应用see sb doing，又因其被动语态为sb。be seen doin

36、g，故A为最佳答案41Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _a bicycle(NMET94) Aride; ride Briding; rideCride; to ride Dto ride; riding42-I must apologize for _ ahead of time.-That's all right(NMET94) Aletting you not know Bnot letting you knowCletting you know not Dletting not you know43Paul d

37、oesn't have to be made _He always works hard(NMET95) Alearn Bto learnClearned Dlearning44We agreed _ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet(NMET95) Ahaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have met45-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that(NMET95)Ato d

38、o Bto be doingCto have done Dhaving done46The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street , but his mother told him _.Anot to Bnot to do Cnot do it Ddo not to47_ in thought , he almost ran into the car in front of him(NMET96) ALosingBHaving lost CLost DTo lose48The patient was warned _ oily food af

39、ter the operation(NMET96)Ato eat not Beating notCnot to eat Dnot eating49I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report(NMET97) Ato go Bto have gone Cgoing Dhaving gone50The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912(NMET97) Afirst

40、 playingBto be first played Cfirst played Dto be first playing51European football is played in 80 countries , _ it the most popular sport in the world(NMET98) A makingBmakes CmadeDto make52The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult, (NMET99) Anot make Bnot to makeCno

41、t making Ddo not make53When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _"Sorry to miss you; will call later." (NMET99) Aread Breads Cto read Dreading54I've worked with children before , so I know what _ in my new job(NMET2000) Aexpected Bto expect Cto be expecting D, expects55.

42、The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_ the next year (NMET2000) Acarry out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out56_ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm(2001 春招) ATo sleep B, Sleeping CSleep DHaving slept57One learns a language by making mistakes and _them(2001 春招)

43、Acorrect B correctingCcorrects Dto correct58As we joined the big crowd I got _from my friends(NMET2001) Aseparated B sparedClost Dmissed59_ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river(NMET2001) AHaving suffered BSuffering CTo suffer DSuffered60Prices of daily goods _th

44、rough a computer can be lower than store prices.(2002春招） Aare bought Bbought Cbeen boughtDbuying41C 考生只要掌握prefer to do A rather than do B或prefer doing A to doing B句型很容易选出D项。42B letting是现在分词作介词for的宾语，且否定时not置于动名词之前。43B 可参看21题。44C agree to do sth同意做某事，是惯用法。45D 后悔做了某事regret doing/having done sth。regret

45、表示该事已做过，当"遗憾"讲时后面常用动词不定式作宾语，其中常用的动词是to say，to tell，to inform，to announce等。46A 当需要重复不定式的内容时，要把to后面的动词及其宾语省略掉。47C "陷入沉思"为be lost in thought，A、B、D项与主语是主动关系，故排除。48C 考生只要掌握warn sb(not) to do sth，再把它变成被动语态，便可选出C项。可参看22题。49B would love to have done表示"本想去做，而没做"。且从下文"but I

46、had to work extra hours to finish a report"可知。故B对。50C The Olympic Games与play之间是被动关系，故排除A、D项。B项是不定式的被动式，表示"未来"，故也排除。因此C项是对的，它相当于一个非限定性定语从句which were first played51A 该题考查非谓语动词。四个选项均为make的不同形式，由句中的逗句及空白前后的逻辑关系考虑，此空应填现在分词表示结果。分词短语中make为使役动词，其后跟复合宾语，答案为A。52B 并列，不定式做表语，否定式在to之前加not。53D 现在分词

47、做后置定语修饰message，其功能相当于一个定语从句，表示的是与土句表示的时间一致的情况；不定式做定语是未来的动作，C与题意不符。54B "疑问词+不定式"作know的宾语。what逻辑上作expect的宾语。55C 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰plan。56A 不定式作目的状语。57B 与making并列表方式。58A "get separated from"为与分离。59A 现在分词的完成式。60B 过去分词与through a computer 构成分词短语作后置定语强化练习 1. _ many times, but he still

48、doesn't know how to do it.A. Having told B. Having been told C. He has been told D. Being told 2. -Sorry, but I' 11 have to keep you waiting for some time.-That's all right. I don't mind _waiting. A. keeping B. having kept C. having been kept4D. being kept 3. -What do you think made

49、Mary so upset?- _her bicycle. A. Losing B. As she lost C. To lost D. Because of losing 4. Time must be made full use of _ the Three Gorges Project ahead of time. A. completingB. to completeC. completedD. being completed 5. That's the best way we should think of _the dying soldier. A. helping B.

50、savingC. to saveD. being saved 6. Who did the teacher have _ an article for the wall newspaper just now? A. writing B. write C. to writeD. written7. The night club, _ last month, was popular with the college students near it. A. being opened B. to be opened C. to open D. opened8. Children today are

51、still suffering from heavy work, _at preparing them for entrance examination. A. to aim B. aimed C. aiming D. having been aimed9. -What did you hear last night?-I seemed _ someone knock at the door. A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to have heardD. having heard10. Could you give me a hand _ the sho

52、pping from the car, please? A. to carryB. for carrying C. carrying D. carried11. Hearing the news, he hurried out, book _on the table and disappeared into the distance. A. left, lain open B. leaving, lying open C. leaving, lie opened D. left, lying opened12. She looks forward every spring to _the flower garden. A. visiting B. visit C. paying a visitD. visited13. What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital.A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not allowed14. Everything _ into