牛津上海版八年级初二下册英语 第5讲-情态动词

1、.教育1对3辅导讲义学员姓名： 学科老师：年 级： 八年级 辅导科目：英语授课日期时 间主 题情态动词考点总结学习目的1. 掌握can, may, must, need, should的用法；2. 能在详细语境中灵敏运用情态动词。教学内容1、 上次课后稳固作业复习； 2、 互动探究can, may, must, need, should情态动词考点总结【知识梳理1】情态动词根本用法情态动词根本用法例句can/could1. 指才能, 也可表示答应或恳求。2. could也可用于如今时, 表示有礼貌的恳求，语气比can婉转。She can drive, but she can't rid

2、e a bicycle. Can I use your telephone? Yes, of course you canCould I use your bicycle? Yes, of course, you can. may/might1. 主要指允许, 答应。2. 表示可能, 肯定的推测。3. 表示祝愿, 常置于句首。May I come in? Yes, please.She said that he might come late. = She said, “He may come late.May you be safe and happy!must/have to/need1.

3、 must主要指不可推卸的责任。2. have to意为“必须；不得不， 起情态动词的作用, 可以代替must。3. need主要指需要。Must I finish all the work today? Yes, you must.You have to drive on the right in the U.S.A.Youll have to go there at once.You neednt get up so early, for it is Sunday today.We need to work harder.should/ought to1. should/ought to主

4、要指义务或责任。2. should/ought to表示提出或征求意见。3. had better 意为“最好，应该 , 可以代替 should/ought to。Every student should obey the school rules.He ought not oughtnt to drink too much.You should try that new restaurant.You ought to read this book. It's really interesting.We had better start at once. Wed better not

5、eat too much fried food, for it is bad for our healthy.【稳固练习】1. Whose notebook is this?It _ Janes. It has her name on it.A. must beB. might belong toC. may beD. could be2. -Could you please come to the museum with me this afternoon?-Sorry, I _ . I have to take a piano lesson at 2 pm.A. couldnt B. mu

6、stnt C. cant D. neednt3. -What would you send to your sister as the Christmas gift?-I havent decided yet. I _ send her a hand bag.A. shall B. may C. mustD. need4. -Shall we go skateboarding after school?-Sorry, my parents said that I _ be at home early.A. need B. must C. mayD. can5. - you swim?-Yes,

7、 but Im not a good swimmer.A. Can B. May      C. Need       D. Must6. Im a little tired. Lets go to the zoo by taxi.We take a taxi. Its not far from here. A. cant B. mustnt C. couldnt D. neednt7. They play football last Friday because Simon forgot to bring his football

8、here.A. could B. couldnt C. cant D. can8. It doesn't look like rain, so you bring your umbrella with you.A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. can't D. needn't9. -What will the weather be like tomorrow?-It be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows?A. must B. might C. shall D. should10. Trees fig

9、ht air pollution. They are natural air conditionersA. should B. must C. need D. can【知识梳理2】含有情态动词的疑问句的答复表示客气或委婉的请求时用may, 用may回答显得冷淡、不客气。所以最好避之而改用热情、客气的答语。1. may提问May I come in? Yes, please. May I borrow your bike? Certainly.May I take this book out of the reading-room? No, you cant /mustnt. 2. must提问

10、Must I do my homework now? Yes, you must. No, you neednt./dont have to.3. can提问Can/Could I use your computer? Yes, you can. No, you cant./Im afraid not.4. need提问Need I finish it now? Yes, you must. 【稳固练习】1. I take some photos in the hall?No, you . A. Can; needn't B. Must; mustn'tC. Could; wo

11、n't D. May; mustn't2. Must I be in hospital for a week，Doctor? No, you . You can go back home tomorrow.A. mustntB. needntC. mustD. cant3. May I smoke here, please?I am afraid you . This is a non-smoking area.A. can B. cant C. may D. may not 4. Must I do the work today? No, you _. You may do

12、it tomorrow.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt5. May we leave the classroom now?No, you . You to leave until the bell rings.A. mustnt, are allowed B. dont have to, are supposedC. neednt, arent allowed D. cant, arent supposed6. Can I take the magazines out?No, sir. They out of the reading-room.

13、Its a rule. A. neednt be taken B. cant take C. mustnt be takenD. dont need to take7. Will you stay for some more days? Sorry, I . My mother called to ask me to go back at once. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. wouldnt 8. Must I get up early tomorrow morning? No, .A. you mustntB. I dont think you have

14、 toC. you cantD. you need9. I borrow these magazines?Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed. A. Must B. Would C. May D. Need10. Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon? Yes, you .A. must B. can C. may D. need【知识梳理3】情态动词表示推测的用法1. 在肯定句中一般用must 一定，may 可能，might / could 也许, 或许。 He

15、may/might know the answer to this question? It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. You must be hungry after your long walk. She must be having a lot of problems with the language. 2. 否认句中用cant / couldnt 不可能，may not/might not可能不。 It cant/couldnt be the headmaster. He has gone

16、to America. He may not/might not know the scientist. He cant be at home at this time. That can't be Mary because she's now in hospital. 注意：情态动词表推测的句型特点 语气和时态语气部分： 以下情态动词语气由强至弱 肯定句：mustmaymight =could 否认句：cant =couldnt mayntmightnt   时态部分：下以must为例，其他情态动词以此类推 must be表示对如今的推测 must hav

17、e done表示对过去的推测 must be doing表示对正在进展的推测【稳固练习】1. -Look! The man at the gate be our headmaster. He is always standing there every morning. -No, it be him. He is holding a meeting in the office now.A. must, cant B. must, mustnt C. cant, cant D. cant, mustnt 2. -Susan has bought a large house with a swim

18、ming pool.-It be very expensive. I never even dream about it.A. must B. might C. cant D. shouldnt3. Anna hasnt come to school today. I think she be ill. A. can      B. has to      C. may      D. should 4. -It must be John who is in the office.-Im sure it

19、be John. I saw him off at the railway station just twenty minutes ago.A. wont B. mustnt C. cant D. neednt5. The yellow coat be Lindas because nobody likes yellow except her.A. cant B. can       C. mustnt       D. Must6. How is your friend coming?Im not sure. He drive he

20、re.A. may B. can C. must D. will7. -Listen! Helen is singing in the next room.-It be Helen. She has gone to Beijing.A. cant B. mustnt C. may D. should8. This pair of shoes belong to Jack. He likes this kind very much.It _ be his. Its too large for him.A. can; cant B. may; neednt C. must; mustnt D. m

21、ust; cant9. Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening?No, it be her. She to JapanA. mustn't; has gone               B. mustn't; has beenC. can't; has gone           &#

22、160;             D. can't; has been10. Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the zoo? Sorry, Im new here. Please ask that policeman. He know.A. canB. needC. mayD. need to一、词汇Words1. 1.washbasin n. 洗脸盆 e.g. Water was pouring into th

23、e washbasin. 水正在流入洗脸盆。2. vanish v. 消失，突然不见 e.g. I thought it would rain, but the clouds have vanished and it's a fine day. 我原以为天要下雨的，可是云消失了，是个好天。【常用搭配】 vanish into the air/from sight消失不见 vanish in darkness在黑暗中消失 vanish into nothing化为乌有3. amount n.数量，数额 e.g. He spent a large amount of money on bo

24、oks. 他花了很多钱买书。【知识拓展】 an amount of 一定数量的 a large amount of 大量的 a small amount of 少量的4. freeze v. 突然停顿，惊呆 e.g. Fear made him freeze in his tracks. 恐惧使他突然停顿前进。 He froze in front of the audience. 他在观众面前吓呆了。【知识拓展】 freeze v. 冷冻，冷藏食物e.g. Not all fruit and vegetables freeze well. 并非所有的水果和蔬菜都合适冷藏。5. impatien

25、t adj.不耐烦的，急躁的e.g. As a nursery teacher, you mustn't be impatient with the children. 作为幼儿园老师，你不该对孩子急躁。【知识拓展】 patient adj. 有耐心的e.g. She is so kind and always patient with those naughty children. 她对这些淘气的孩子们是如此和蔼、有耐心。patience n. 容忍，耐心e.g. I have no patience with him again. 我对他不再有耐心了。同学，你猜对了吗？6. obe

26、y v. 服从，顺从e.g. Soldiers have to obey orders. 军人必须服从命令。 A car obeys the driver. 车子由司机控制。7. faint adj. 微弱的e.g. He felt faint for lack of food. 他因饥饿而晕倒了。 She fainted because of the heat. 她热昏了。8. float v. 漂浮，浮动e.g. Phillip, can you see something red floating in the distance on the water? 菲利浦，你看见在远处有个什么红

27、色的东西漂浮在水上吗？ A feather floated down on the wind. 一根羽毛随风飘落。9. comfortably adv. 安乐地，舒适地e.g. He sat comfortably in his armchair. 他舒适地坐在扶手椅上。【知识拓展】 comfortable adj. 舒适的，舒适的e.g. She lives a comfortable life. 她过着舒适的生活。comfort v. 抚慰，鼓舞 n. 安乐，舒适，安逸e.g. He lived in comfort. 他过得很舒适。She comforted the sick child

28、. 她抚慰这个生病的孩子。10. speed v. 加速，加快e.g. The ambulance sped to the hospital. 救护车快速开往医院。 He was arrested for speeding. 他因超速行车而被捕。指点迷津: speed, hurry1 speed指快速的运动或行动。e.g. The train sped through the countryside. 火车从乡间奔驰而过。 Postal workers laboured overtime to speed delivery of the Christmas mail. 邮电工人加班加点以加快圣

29、诞节期间信件的发送。2 hurry意指比通常快得多的速度，经常伴随着混乱或骚动。e.g. If you don't hurry, you'll miss the plane. 假如你不迅速些，你将会错过班机了。 Don't let anyone hurry you into making a decision you'll regret later. 不要在任何人的催促下作出你以后会为之懊悔的决定。11. relax v. 放松，休息e.g. I relaxed there for a few days. 我在那个地方休息了几天。12. works n. 工厂e

30、. g. The steel works is closing down. 那家钢铁厂要关闭了。 There has been an accident at the works. 那家工厂出了一次事故。13. thorough adj. 彻底的，完全的e. g. They made a thorough search for the lost ring, but didn't find it. 他们仔细地寻找过那枚丧失的戒指，可是没有找到。【知识拓展】 thoroughly adv. 非常地，彻底地e. g. The work had not been done very thorou

31、ghly. 这个工作做得不太彻底。14. sewage n. 污水，污物e. g. chemical treatment of sewage对下水道污物的化学处理 If we love Shanghai, we must stop dumping sewage into the water. 假如我们热爱上海，我们必须停顿往水里倒污水物。15. pump v. 用泵输送e. g. The villagers had pumped the well dry and could get no more water. 村民们已把井水抽干了，再也抽不出水来了。 He pumped up his tyr

32、es. 他给车胎打足了气。【知识拓展】 pump n. 泵；水泵e.g. in flat tyres with a pump用气泵给轮胎充气16. precious adj. 珍贵的，贵重的e. g. Nothing is more precious than friendship. 没有什么比友谊更珍贵的了。 She talks about nothing except her precious car. 她句句离不开她那宝贝汽车。17. liquid n. 液体 e. g. Water is both a fluid and a liquid. 水既是流体又是液体。 If you add

33、too much liquid, the mixture will not be thick enough. 假如你参加的液体太多，混合液的浓度就不够。18. reply n. 答复，回复 v. 答复，答复e. g. Adrian nodded in reply to my question. 对于我的提问，阿德里安点头表示同意。 A lot of people replied to our advertisemen. 有许多人对我们的广告作出了反响。【常用搭配】 in reply to为答复；作为对的答复make no reply不作答复 reply for sb. 代表某人作辩论答谢祝酒

34、reply to答复，答复指点迷津：anwser, replay1 answer较常用，如：answer a question the door bell, the phone, the letter, etc. e.g. He has answered my letter.此句仅说明他回了我的信。说明他已经收到我的信。2而reply那么较正式，意指经过深思熟虑后答复对方的问题和论点。 e.g. He has replied to my letter.此句说明他将我信中的问题都一一答复了。. Daily expressions. 日常表达1. pour into倒入，涌入 e.g. Pleas

35、e pour some water into my glass. 请帮我的杯子里倒点水。 Pour the milk into a jug. 把牛奶灌进壶里。 People poured into the hall. 人们涌进大厅。2. look round=look around环顾四周 e. g. He looked around but saw nobody. 他往四周看，可是没看见任何人。【知识拓展】look at看，朝看 look after照料look back与on，to连用回想，记起 look down on轻视，看不起look for寻找 look forward to盼望，

36、期待look like看起来像 look on/upon看作look out注意，注意 look out of朝外看look over翻阅，阅读 look round环视look through从头看完，透视 look up在书中查到，查阅词典look up and down上下打量3. enjoy the view欣赏风景e.g. Foreigners like enjoying the night-views in Shanghai when they travel to China. 外国人到中国来旅游就喜欢到上海来赏夜景。4. finish with完成，完毕e.g. He finis

37、hed with the work. 他完成了这项工作。 He finished the performance with a song. 他以一首歌曲完毕了表演。5. dropinto 把扔到e.g. Don't drop rubbish on the ground, you should drop it into the litter bin. 不能把垃圾扔在地上，你应该把垃圾扔到废物箱里。【知识拓展】 drop into sth. 偶尔访问某人或某地，顺便访问e.g. Sorry, we're late-we dropped into a pub on the way.

38、对不起，我们迟到了我们中途到酒馆去了。6. speed down快速下滑 e.g. That young climber sped down the cliff into the valley. Luckily, he didn't lost his life, 那个年轻的登山者顺着悬崖跌至了山谷，所幸的是，他没有死。7. carry to 把带到 e.g. Simon carried the suitcase to the Smith's. 西蒙把手提箱送到史密斯先生家。 You needn't carry the luggage to your room, our

39、removal will help you. 你不用把行李亲自搬到房间，我们的搬运工会帮你的。8. pumpinto 把抽吸到 e.g. Push the button, the water in the toilet will be pumped into the drain. 按下这个键，马桶里的水就会被抽到管道里。9. remember not to do sth. 记得不要做某事 e.g. You must remember not to pollute the environment. 你必须记住不能污染环境。10. mean by 意思是 e.g. What do you mean

40、 by saying that? 你那样说是什么意思？二、重要句型Important Sentences structures1. 1. It's not easy for me to get here. It is十adj. +for sb. of sb. to do sth.对事加以评论对人加以评论 在这个句型中，it是形式主语，而句子真正的主语是后面的不定式短语 e.g. It is difficult for you to read through this book in a week or so. 对你来说一星期左右看完这本书有困难。 It is useful for yo

41、u to learn how to use the computer. 学习使用计算机对你有好处。2. I waited there until you called me, and here I am.until表示持续做某事，用延续性动词。notuntil表示“直到才，可以用瞬间动词。e.g. The baby didn't stop crying until he saw his mother. 那个婴孩直到看到妈妈才不哭。 We had dinner until 8:30 p.m. 我们吃晚饭一直到8点半。3. Then it was time to get cleaned u

42、p.It's time to do sth. 表示“是做什么事情的时候了。它也可以用另外一种句式表达：It's time for sth.e.g. It's time to have dinner. =It's time for dinner. 是吃晚饭的时候了。 It's time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It's time to go to school. =It's time for school. =It's time for us to go to school. =It's t

43、ime for going to school.该上学了。4. When you've finished with me, I'll go to a sewage plant.用will表示将来发生的动作或状态。e. g. -Will you join us?你要参加我们吗？ -Yes, we will./ No, we won't. 是的，我们要。不，我们不要。 Jane's father will give her a beautiful skirt as her birthday present. 珍妮的爸爸要给她一件漂亮的裙子作为她的生日礼物。【知识拓展

44、】 注意will与be going to的区别：1 be going to表示事先打算，有意图要发生的事。e. g. I am going to play table tennis with my friends this afternoon.2 be going to还表示客观情况下非主观打算即将要发生的动作。e. g. The weatherman says it is going to rain tomorrow.建议5-10分钟Read and choose the best answer.1. It's timea rest. You have read the story

45、book for a long time.A. to haveB. havingC. hasD. had2. Don'tharmful chemicals into the river or lake.A. bring B. take C. rushD. pour 3. The lights are still on in the lab. Please remember before leaving.A. turning them offB. to turn them offC. turning off themD. to turn off them 4. The water spe

46、d down the mountain into the river. The underlined part means _.A. moved fast B. pull C. fall D. speed up 5. I just want to _ and see if I can get any gifts to take home. A. look for B. look at C .look around D. look afterII .Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.1. The boy i

47、s lying on the bedcomfortable and listening to music.2.My brother is alwayspatient when he is doing his homework, so he always makes mistakes.3. The man'swork became famous after he died.4. The boss has a plan to use fewer workers to domuch work.5. Ken's voice soundedpuzzle when he heard a s

48、trange voice.Choose the best answer.根底版：1. May I play computer games, Mom?No, you .A. dont B. cant C. wouldnt D. wont2. Dad, must we wait until the light becomes green?Yes, I'm afraid we .That's the traffic rule.A. can B. may C. have to D. need3. I see your ID card, sir? We have to check you

49、r information.A. May B. Must C. Should D. Need4. Where are you going this month?We go to Xiamen, but we're not sure.A. neednt B. must C. might D. mustn't5. May I go out for a while, Mom?No, you . You have to finish your homework first.A. shouldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. won'

50、;t6. Students in our school know shouting is not allowed in the library.A. can B. may C. must D. need7. Can I park my car in front of the building?No, you _. A. won't B. can't C. needn't D. couldn't8. Shall I take my swimming suit?No, you . We will just go hiking in the mountain.A. mustntB. couldntC. needntD. cant9. Drivers wear seat belts while their cars are running on the road. A. needB. canC. mustD. may10. Must I return the book this week?No, you . You can it for 20 days.A. mustnt, keep B. neednt, borrow C. neednt, keep