冀教版七年级英语下unit1-6语法和作文

1、Unit 1数词数词：数词是表示数目和顺序的词。数词分为基数词和序数词。三位数或三位数以上的基数词的构成是在百位和十位之间（若十位为零，则在百位和个位之间）用 and 连接。250two hundred and fifty 708 seven hundred and eight24 320twenty-four thousand three hundred and twenty1.hundred, thousand, million(百万), billion(十亿)前面有具体数字时，本身不加 s。eg: seven hundred 700eight thousand 80002.表示不确定数目

2、时，要用其复数形式+of。eg: hundreds of 成百上千的thousands of 成千上万的Plan of Our TripI will go on a trip to Beijing with my parents. We want to go there by train. We leaveShijiazhuang on Friday morning and arrive in Beijing in the afternoon. Then we have a good restin the hotel. On Saturday, we want to visit some pl

3、aces of interest, such as Tiananmen Square, thePalace Museum and the Great Wall. On Sunday, we go to the Birds Nest, then we go back toShijiazhuang.注：注： have a good rest:好好休息such as:例如Atrip to BeijingI will go on a trip to Beijing with my friends this Saturday. We want to go there by train.Because a

4、 train is fast. We want to visit Tiananmen Square, the Palace Museum and the GreatWall. I want to buy some presents for my family. I want to buy a T-shirt for my mother. I thinkwell have a good time there.Unit 2名词复数名词复数：在英语中，名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词由单数变为复数的形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种。可数名词：可数名词：1.规则变化规则变化（1）一般情况下，在名词

5、后面加 s。eg. map-maps 地图 book-books 书（2）以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词加 es。 eg. brush-brushes 刷子 bus-buses 公共汽车（3）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i 加 es。eg.country-countries 国家baby-babies 婴儿（4）以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词，多变 f 或 fe 为 ves，但也有例外。eg.knife-knives 小刀leaf-leaves 叶子（5）以 o 结尾的名词，有些加 es（有生命的事物） 。eg. Potato-potatoes 土豆tomato-toma

6、toes 西红柿hero-heroes 英雄negro-negroes 黑人有些加 s（无生命的事物） 。 eg. Radio-radios 收音机zoo-zoos 动物园2.不规则变化不规则变化（1）将 a 变成 eeg. man-men 男人 woman-women 女人注：与 man, woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 men 和 women。eg.Aman doctorfour men doctors四位男医生a woman teachertwo women teachers 两名女教师（2）单复数同形 eg. sheep-sheep 绵羊 ChineseChinese 中国人

7、 deer-deer 鹿（3）特殊记忆的名词 eg. foot-feet 脚 tooth-teeth 牙齿 child-children 孩子可数名词的复数变化规律可数名词的复数变化规律名词复数有规律，一般词尾加 s；辅音字母+y 型，变 y 为 i 加 es; sh, ch 真有趣，s, x 都+es; f, fe 真小气，字母 v 来把它替，es 在后别忘记。字母 o 真神奇，有生命加 es，没有生命加 s。可数名词复数特殊变化规律可数名词复数特殊变化规律中日好友来聚会，绵羊、鹿、鱼把家回。男士、女士 a 变 e; 牙、脚双 o 变双 e；孩子们想去天安门，原形后面 r, e, n; 老鼠

8、本来爱大米，mice, ice 和 rice。现在进行时现在进行时概念：概念：表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，或目前这一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。构成：构成：be(am, is, are)+现在分词，be 要与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。现在分词变化规则：现在分词变化规则：+ ing;以不发音 e 结尾, 去 e+ing;辅+元+辅结尾，最后只有一个辅，双写此辅+ing;以 ie 结尾，变 ie 为 y +ing.1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作。Eg: Im watching TV now.2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，而在说话时不一定在进行。eg: He is learning Eng

9、lish this year. 今年他在学英语。3. 现在进行时也可以表示即将发生的动作，表示按计划或安排好的事情，常用于 go,come, leave, arrive 等动词。Eg: We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天出发去北京。注意注意:(1) 判断一个句子是否用现在进行时，一般来说，要看这个句子所用的时间状语，如 now, listen, look 等。Eg: Listening! The girl is singing in the room.(2) 有些没有时间状语的句子，可以通过上下文的意思来判断。Eg: Be quiet! My f

10、ather is sleeping.安静点！我爸爸正在睡觉。On the Train to BeijingMy name is Li Ming. My parents and I are on the train to Beijing. There are many people onthe train. Some people are playing cards and some are listening to music. My father is talking withothers. My mother is reading newspapers. She is quiet. I a

11、m looking out of the window. I can seesome green trees, and some small villages. We have milk and bread for our lunch. We are allhaving fun on the train. We arrive in Beijing at 5:00 in the afternoon. I hope well have a goodtime there.注：play cards: 玩牌My New friendJim is my new friend. He is from Can

12、ada. He is thirteen years old. He is a student, too. WhenI went on a trip to Shanghai, I met him on the train. He lives in Shanghai with his parents. Hestudies in a middle school. He likes china. He wants to visit a lot of places of interest in China. Helikes Chinese food very much. He loves drawing

13、 and playing football. He can also speak a littleChinese. He hopes to make more Chinese friends.注：注：go-went 去meet-met 遇见，结识middle school-中学draw-画画playing football 踢足球make friends 交朋友Unit 3There be 句型句型 There be 句型表示“在某地有某人或者某物”。句型结构句型结构：There + be + 某人/某物 + 地点/时间状语。1. there be 句型中的主谓一致原则。句型中的主谓一致原则。

14、(1) 主语为单数名词或不可数名词时，主语为单数名词或不可数名词时，be 要用要用 is。Eg: There is some water in the bottle.(2) 主语为复数名词时，主语为复数名词时，be 要用要用 are。Eg: There are some men under the tree.(3) there be 句型后的主语是由句型后的主语是由 and 连接的并列名词时，连接的并列名词时，be 的形式要与邻近的主语保的形式要与邻近的主语保持一致，采取持一致，采取“就近原则就近原则”。Eg: There is a book and two pens in the bag.2

15、. there be 结构的句型变化：结构的句型变化：there be 句型变为否定句时，在 be 后面加 not；变为疑问句时，将 be 提到句首。肯定回答： Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isnt / arent.3. 在在 there be 句型中，动词句型中，动词 be 要随时态的变化而变化。要随时态的变化而变化。Dear Mary,How are you?Im in Beijing now. The weather in Beijing is sunny.Beijing is a beautiful city with a very long

16、 history. I visit the Great Wall, Tiananmen Squareand the Palace Museum. Theyre great. I take a lot of pictures there. Ill show them to you as soonas I go back to Canada. I think youll like them.Please write to me soon.Love,JennyDear Dad,How are you？Mom and I are in Beijing now. Were fine. Beijing i

17、s a big and beautiful city.We visit Tiananmen Square, the Palace Museum and many other interesting places.And we alsoeat lots of delicious food and go shopping at Wangfujing Street. I buy a gift for you. We take manypictures in Beijing.Were having fun. Dont worry about us.Yours,Wu Fang注：delicious: 美

18、味的Unit 4一般过去时一般过去时概念概念：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，也可以表示过去经常或反复发生的动作， 常和表示过去的时间状语连用， 如 yesterday, last week, the day before yesterday, ago等。构成：构成：主语+动词过去式+其他含含 be 动词的句式动词的句式：动词 be 的过去式，was 和 were 要牢记；否定句：was/were 后面 not 添；疑问句：was/were 站到主语前。含实义动词的句式含实义动词的句式：实义动词作谓语有特点，否定、疑问句要请 did 来成全；还有动词记得要还原。1. 表示过去某个时间

19、发生的动作或存在的状态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态， 此时常与此时常与 yesterday, the daybefore yesterday, this morning, just now, ago, last 等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。Eg: I went to Beijing yesterday.2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与 often, always 等频度副词连用等频度副词连用。Eg: She often watched TV after supper last year.3. 表示过去发生的一连串动作。表示过去发生的一连串

20、动作。Eg: This morning, she got up at six five, had breakfast and walked to work.动词的过去式动词的过去式 如果句子的时态为一般过去时，句中的谓语动词要变为动词的过去式。动词的过去式的构成分为两种：规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化和不规则变化。1. 规则动词的过去式的构成：规则动词的过去式的构成：（1）直接加 ed。Eg: look-looked（2）以不发音的 e 结尾的动词直接加 d。eg: like-liked（3）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i，再加 ed。Eg: cry-cried（4）末尾只有一个

21、辅音字母的重读闭音节单词，先双写这个辅音字母再加 ed。Eg: shop-shoppedstop-stopped2. 常见的不规则动词的过去式常见的不规则动词的过去式:Am/iswasgo-wentcomecamedodidhavehadsee-saweat-atebuy-boughtfall-fellhurt-hurtsay-saidtake-tookbreak-brokefly-flewfind-foundDear Li Hua,How are you? Im fine. Last week, I went to Beijing. I visited Tiananmen Square, t

22、he PalaceMuseum and the Great Wall. I also took some pictures there. I had fun. I walked to WangfujingStreet. I bought a special gift for you. I hope you like it. I will send the gift and some pictures toyou.Please write me soon.Yours,Li MingLast Saturday was my friend Lucys birthday. My classmates

23、and I went to her birthday party.I bought a red T-shirt as a birthday present. Lucy liked it very much. There was a big birthdaycake and a lot of delicious food at the party. We sang a birthday song to her. We had a great time!Unit 5频度副词频度副词是指表示动作发生的次数的副词，通常和一般现在时连用。常用的频度副词按频率由大到小排列：always 一直，总是；一直，

24、总是；usually 通常；通常；often 经常；经常；sometimes有时；有时；seldom 很少；很少；hardly ever 几乎不；几乎不；never 从不。从不。1.对频度副词提问时，需用 how often。How often do you see your grandpa？2.在句中的位置：在句中的位置：一般放在 be 动词（am, is, are, was, were） 、助动词(do, does, did等)、情态动词（can, may 等）之后。 实义动词之前。Eg: He is always like a little boy.I often go shopping

25、 by bike.3.sometimes 有时，有时，sometime 某时，某时，some times 几次，几次，some time 一段时间。一段时间。Eg: I will visit you sometime next month.Sometimes I go to school on foot.I have a foreign classmate. Her name is Mary. She is thirteen years old. She is from Australia.Mary often helps me with English and I help her to s

26、peak Chinese. She likes singing very much.Sometimes she teaches me to sing English songs. She also likes learning Chinese.Mary often says she likes living in China. And she says she wants to talk with a lot of peoplein China.I have a good friend. He is a boy. His name is Robert. He comes from Englan

27、d. He has bigeyes and they are round and bright. We knew each other last year. From then on, we become goodfriends.At weekends, we often play basketball together. He plays it well. He often teaches meEnglish and I teach him Chinese. We are good friends.Unit6Be going to 构成的一般将来时构成的一般将来时 是除 will/shall

28、 之外的一种一般将来时的常用表达方式。一般是指通过计划或安排将要发生的动作或保持的状态。常和表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，next week/month/year/term 等。等。Be going to 后要接动词原形。后要接动词原形。Be going to 句型分类构成例句肯定句主语+be going to+动词原形+其他.I am going to have lunch.我准备吃午饭。否定句主语+be not going to+动词原形+其他.Jim isnt going to come back.吉姆没打算回来。一般疑问句Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他?A

29、re you going to finish ittomorrow?你 打 算 明 天 完 成 它吗？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他?Wherearetheygoingtotravel? 他们将去哪儿旅游？注意注意：He is going swimming. 他将去游泳。 （现在进行时表将来）感叹句感叹句 用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈情感的句子称为感叹句。 感叹句多由what 或或 how引导，句尾使用感叹号。基本构成：基本构成：1.What 引导的感叹句基本结构：What+ a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)！What+形容词+复数可数名词+(主语+谓语)！What+形容词+不可数名词+(主语+谓语)！注意：口语和非正式用语时，括号内的主语和谓语可以省略。2.How 引导的感叹句基本结构： How + a/an +单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)！ How +形容词+ (主语+谓语)！ How +副词+ (主语+谓语)！ How + 主语 + 谓语！在感叹句中，在感叹句中，what 所修饰的中心词为名词，名词前有时会有所修饰的中心词为名词，名词前有时会有 a/an, 一般会有形容词一般会有形容词。How 修饰形容词或副词修饰形容词或副词, 个别情况个别情况 how 后直接跟主语和谓语。后直接跟主语和谓语。Eg: What a