中考第二轮复习——语法专项代词

1、年 级初三学 科英语版 本人教版（新目标）内容标题二轮复习 语法专项编稿老师康文岗【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容二轮复习 语法专项【具体教学内容】代词考点清单：人称代词的主格和宾格；形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别；反身代词的人称和数的变化以及固定搭配；指示代词的单复数；易混不定代词的区别与运用；one(s), that, those等作替代词的用法；（一）人称代词表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehi

2、mtheythemsheheritit（1）主格用来作主语，宾格用来作动词或介词的宾语。She gave me a red apple. 她给了我一个红苹果。(she作主语，me作动词宾语)Kathy is near him. 凯西靠近他。(him作介词near的宾语)【走近中考】Im going skating. Would you like to go with ?A. me B. I C. my D. mine The two girls are your new classmates. Help , please.A. them B. they C. their D. theirs（2

3、）he和she 可以用来拟人。she可以用来代指国家、月亮、城市、轮船等，表示亲切和爱抚；另外在谈到自己心爱的动物时也常用he 或she 来表示喜爱。Our country is so beautiful, isnt she?The dog is waving his tail.（3）it作人称代词的用法。代表不知性别的孩子或婴儿或只闻其声、不见其人的人。The bell rings again. Go and see who it is. 【走近中考】Who is singing in the next room? must be Marie.A. It B. She C. This D.

4、There 用来指时间、天气、距离等。It is ten thirty now.It was snowing this morning.How far is it from here to the park?作形式主语和形式宾语。It is hard for me to work out the problem.I find it hard to learn English well. （二）物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，其人称和数的变化见下表。形容词性物主代词用作定语, 用在名词之前。例如:I love my fa

5、mily. 我爱我家。Is this your bike? 这是你的自行车吗?【走近中考】Mandy has got a lovely dog. name is Oliver. (it)名词性物主代词可作主语、宾语、表语以及与“of” 连用。（1）名词性物主代词用作主语。例如:This is your bike, mine is there. 这是你的自行车,我的在那儿。Are these their sweaters? 这些是他们的毛衣吗?No, theirs are on the bed. 不,他们的在床上。（2）名词性物主代词用作宾语。My bedroom is very comfort

6、able. It is just like yours. 我的卧室很舒适，跟你的一样。He likes his coat, I like mine. 他喜欢他的外套,我喜欢我的。（3）名词性物主代词用作表语。This is my book, that is yours. 这是我的书,那是你的。That car is mine, not yours. 那辆汽车是我的,不是你的。Whose bag is it? Its his. 这是谁的书包? 是他的。（4）名词性物主代词与“of”连用。（属双重所有格的一种形式）Tom is an old friend of mine. 汤姆是我的一个老朋友。【

7、走近中考】David talked with a friend of on the Internet for a long time yesterday.A. he B. his C. him D. himself 另外,我们还可以从它们后面是否接名词来进行判断应该用形容词性还是名词性物主代词。如果后面能接名词的话,就应该用形容词性物主代词；不能在后面接名词的话,就应该用名词性物主代词。例如:This is my book. This book is mine. 【走近中考】Is the novel Journey to the West book?No, its Helens. I left

8、 at home.A. your; my B. yours; mine C. you; it D. your; mine There is something wrong with your computer. Please use . （我的）Something is wrong with your car. Dont worry, you can use .(we)（三）指示代词（this, that, these, those）（1）指示代词有单复数之分，既可指物，也可用于介绍人。This is an apple tree, and that is an orange tree这是一棵苹

9、果树，那是一棵桔子树。These are my friends, and that is my sister这些是我朋友，那个是我姐姐。（2）that 和those 可用来代替前面提到过的事物。The weather of Kunming is better than that of Beijing.The radios made in Shanghai are as good as those made in Tianjin. 【走近中考】The machines made in China are cheaper than made in Japan.A. ones B. that C.

10、those D. it （四）反身代词表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他（她、它）自己”、“我们自己”、“你们自己”和“他们自己”的代词，叫作反身代词。 数人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfherselfitselfthemselves（1）反身代词在句中可作同位语，起强调作用，也可作动词或介词的宾语。A few days later, I myself had to go to Paris.= A few days later, I had to go to Paris myself. (作同位语)She bou

11、ght herself a new bag. (作动词宾语)Hes not worried about himself. (作介词宾语)（2）反身代词与by连用，意为“独自”。Can you cook dinner by yourself?（3）带有反身代词的常用短语。teach oneself自学help oneself to随便吃/喝些say to oneself自言自语learnby oneself = teach oneself自学enjoy oneself过得愉快leave one by oneself把某人单独留下hurt oneself伤了自己dress oneself自己穿衣服

12、【走近中考】Teenagers should be allowed to make decisions by t .Tom doesnt like the film , but his parents like .A. himself; it B. itself; themselves C. itself; it D. himself; themselves The play was not interesting, but the actors performed quite well. (it)I guess Tom and his sister Celia enjoyed at the

13、party.A. myself B. himself C. herself D. themselves （五）不定代词（1）one和ones的用法one用来代替前面刚提到的一个东西或一个人，以免重复；复数ones用来代替前面提到的一些物或一些人。one 和ones 的前面可用the, this, that, which以及形容词等词修饰。Would you please pass me the science book? Which one?The one on my shelf.The pencils are blue. Will you please pass me some red on

14、es?注意：it只能用来指物，它所指的特定的东西是前面提到过的某物，指的是同类同物。May I use your car? Sure, you can use it. 【走近中考】My son wants a pet rabbit for long, but I have no time to buy for him.A. it B. that C. the one D. one I have got many collections of snow globes. You may take if you like.A. either B. one C. it D. none Your MP4

15、 is quite cheap. Where did you buy ? I want to buy , too.A. one; one B. it; it C. it; one D. one; it some 和any some 和any 可与可数名词的复数和不可数名词连用。some及其合成词somebody, something一般用于肯定句中。any及其合成词anybody, anything一般用于否定句和疑问句中。There are some birds in the tree. 树上有些鸟。There is some water in the bottle. 瓶里有些水。There

16、 is somebody who wants to speak to you. 有人要同你讲话。I dont have any brothers or sisters. 我没有兄弟姐妹。Is there any tea in the cup?杯子里有茶吗?Do you have anything else to say?你还有什么要说的吗？【走近中考】Im hungry. I want to eat.A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 当问句表示一种建议或者请求，或期待一个肯定的回答时要用some/something。Would

17、you like some tea?你要不要来点茶？Would you like something to eat? 你想吃些什么？some+单数可数名词表示“某一个”，any+单数名词表示“随便哪一个”或“任何一个”。Ill catch up with you some day. 有一天我会赶上你的。I was reading when some woman came into the classroom. 我正在看书，这时有个女的走进教室。Come any day you like. 你哪天来都行。Tom is taller than any other student in his cl

18、ass. 汤姆比他班上其他任何一个学生都高。no和 none1）no(=not anynot a)意为“没有”，可接可数名词单复数，也可接不可数名词。There are no books on the desk.There is no book on the desk.There is no water in it. 由no构成的合成词nobody, nothing是否定词，表示否定含义。Nobody remembered his name. 没人能记起他的名字。He said nothing. = He didnt say anything. 他什么也没说。【走近中考】I knocked o

19、n the door several times but answered, so I left.A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody May I have a glass of beer, please?Beer? Sorry, theres left, but would you like some juice instead?A. none B. something C. no one D. nothing 2）none“没有一个人物”用于否定三者或三者以上的可数名词。可以用于回答由How many或How much提出的问题。Non

20、e of them hashave been to Japan. 他们都没去过日本。I like none of the books. 这些书我全都不喜欢。How many students went there? None. 【走近中考】I tried several jackets on, but of them looked good.A. both B. either C. none D. neither all和bothboth表示两者“都”(强调全体)。Her parents are both doctors. 她父母都是医生。Both of them are doctors. 他

21、俩都是医生。They both like potatoes. 他俩喜欢吃土豆。all“全体大家一切”用于三者以上，也可接不可数名词。Thats all for today. 今天到此为止。All of us are from China. = We are all from China. 我们都来自中国。All the food is delicious. 所有的食物都很好吃。【走近中考】Are you from America?No, none of us.A. both B. all C. any D. either There are many tall buildings on sid

22、es of the street.A. either B. all C. both I had to buy these books because I didnt know which one was the best.A. all B. none C. both D. neither either和neithereither“两者之一”，用于两者(强调个体)。The two coats are cheap, so you can choose either of them.那两件外套不贵，你可以随便挑一件。Either of the books is good. 两本书中任何一本都不错。n

23、either“两个都不”，用于否定两者。Neither of the books is interesting. 那两本书没一本好看的。He wrote to neither of us. 他没给我们两个人中的任何一个人写信。【走近中考】When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning? is OK. Im free these days.A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither Which do you like better, skating or skiing? of the

24、m. I like running.A. All B. Both C. Either D. Neither Would you like chicken noodles or beef noodles? . Id like tomato noodles.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None many，much；(a)few，(a)little的用法many(+复数名词)，much(+不可数名词)表示“许多/很多”。Many of the students come from England. 那些学生许多是从英国来的。Thanks, its too much

25、 for me. 谢谢，我承受不起。few(+复数名词)，little(+不可数名词)表示“不多很少”(表否定)。There were few people in the street last night. 昨晚街上没什么人。I am very worried that I have little time to finish the job. 我担心，我几乎没有时间完成这份工作了。a few(+复数名词)，a little(+不可数名词)表示“有一些有几个”(表肯定)。I can see a few cakes and a little bread in the fridge. 我看到冰箱

26、里有几块蛋糕和一些面包。注意：quite a few表示“相当多”There are quite a few students over there. 那儿有相当多的学生。【走近中考】 Engineers and workers are helping to rebuild the damaged city. A. Many B. Much C. A little D. A lot Theres sauce left in the bottle. Would you go to the corner market to get ?A. a little; some B. a little; a

27、ny C. little; some D. little; any The foreigner spoke so fast that I understood of his speech.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little A lot of story books are on sale, but good ones. A. any B. some C. few D. many one, other, others, the others, another等的用法 （onethe other）表示只有两者的情况下，一个与另一个的关系。I have two

28、 friendsOne is a teacher and the other is a doctor. （onethe others）侧重列举多数人或物中的一个与其余全部。 They have four children. One is a girl, the others are boys. （one.another）侧重在三个或三个以上的人或物中选择其中任何一个。 I dont like this pair of shoes. Would you please show me another pair？ （somethe others）列举多数人或物中的一部分和其余全部。Some stud

29、ents are reading, the others are drawing pictures.（someothers）列举多数人或物中的一部分和另一部分的一些（不是全部）。 Last Sunday, some students went to the Great Wall, others stayed at home. 连词（一）并列连词（用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句）and意为“和”、“而且”，用来连接对等关系的词、短语或句子。He stood up and put on his hat. （and在译成中文时，不一定要翻译出“和”来）and 用于祈使句中，用法为“祈使句，and”

30、，相当于“If you, youll”Hurry up, and youll catch the bus. = If you hurry up, youll catch the bus. Use your head, and youll find a way.= If you use your head, youll find a way.【走近中考】Work hard, youll pass the English exam this time.A. or B. but C. because D. and or 用在选择疑问句中连接被选择的对象，意为“或，还是”；用于否定句中连接并列成分，表

31、示“和，与”的意思。Would you like coffee or tea?I dont like bread, rice or porridge. 【走近中考】Were going to the bookstore. You can come with us you can meet us there later.A. and B. but C. or D. then or 用于祈使句中，用法为“祈使句，or”，相当于“If you dont, youll”，译成“请，否则”，有转折的意思。Study hard, or youll fail in the exam. = If you do

32、nt study hard, youll fail in the exam. 【走近中考】We should leave early tomorrow morning, we wont get there on time. A. so B. or C. but D. and but 意为“但是，而，可是”，表示转折关系。Li Lei likes violin but doesnt like piano.Mary likes violin, but Tom doesnt. （在连接的句子中，如果某些成分与前面相同，则可省略。）【走近中考】Its a nice house it hasnt got

33、 a garden.A. and B. or C. but D. so Was the boy saved?No. The doctors tried their best, they failed.A. and B. so C. but both and意为“和，既也”。它构成的词组作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。Both Li Ming and Li Lei are good students.both and的否定句表示部分否定。Both Li Ming and Li Lei are not good students. either or 和neither nor.either or意为“

34、或或；不是就是”either or构成的词组作主语时，谓语动词随其邻近的or后面的主语而定。Either you or he is right. I dont want to visit either Tianjin or Shanghai. neither nor意为“既不也不”neither nor构成的词组作主语时，谓语动词的用法和either or的用法一样，由其邻近的nor后面的主语而定。Neither he nor I speak a foreign language. 本身是全部否定，所以不能再用否定式，不能再加not。Neither you nor I am right. 【走

35、近中考】These story books for children are awfully written. They are interesting exciting.A. either; or B. neither; nor C. both; and D. not only; but also not only but also意为“不但而且”，它构成的词组作主语时，谓语动词随邻近的but also后面的主语而定。Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. They speak English not

36、only in class but also in the dormitory. （二）从属连词（是用来引导从句的）时间状语从句1. when引导的时间状语从句，常译为“当的时候”，when的从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用终止性动词。He was working at the table when I went in. 当我进去的时候，他正在桌旁工作。Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时，有人敲门。I will visit my good friend when I have time . 当我有空儿时，我将去看望我的

37、好友。2. while引导的时间状语从句，常译为“与同时，在期间”，while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电子游戏时，爸爸正在清洗汽车。注：while也可以作并列连词，表转折的关系，译为“然而”。I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing spor

38、ts. 我喜欢听音乐，而我的兄弟爱好运动。【走近中考】 he comes back, Ill tell him.A. Where B. How C. When D. What Yesterday evening I was playing the piano the doorbell rang.A. when B. before C. while D. after 3. before和after引导的时间状语从句，before强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，而after强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。He had been a cook before he went to colleg

39、e. 他上大学前曾当过厨师。He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。注：若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成时态，例如上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work. 4. as soon as引导的时间状语从句，译为“一就”。He will go to see you as soon as he gets here. 他一到这里就会去看你。She got everything ready as soon as she got to sc

40、hool. 她一到学校就把一切都准备好了。【走近中考】He climbed up the tree he saw the bear.A. while B. if C. until D. as soon asWhen are you going to tell Henry the good news? he comes back.A. Since B. As soon as C. Because D. Until 5. since引导的时间状语从句，译为“自从”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。We have made many dumplings since we began to c

41、ook. 自从我们开始做饭起，我们已经包了许多饺子了。We havent seen each other since we parted. 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。【走近中考】Over 400 million people have visited Disneyland parks around the world American Disneyland opened in July 1955.A. after B. before C. since 6. till和until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到为止”，not till / until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到才”。前者强调

42、主句动作的结束，用延续性动词，后者强调主句动作的开始，用终止性动词。I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友来。We wont start our discussion until / till he comes. 我们要等到他来了，再开始我们的讨论。【走近中考】Hurry up. The bus is coming.Wait a minute. Dont cross the street the traffic lights are green.A. after B. until C. while D. since

43、Kate knew nothing about it I told her.A. since B. because C. until D. after What a surprise it is that youve hiked on Mount Tai!I didnt believe I could do it I got to the top.A. unless B. after C. until D. as 在时间状语从句中要特别注意时态的搭配：当主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的连词有if（如果）和unless（除非）。If it is fine, w

44、ell go to the park. 如果天气好，我们就去公园。unless在意义上等于ifnot，但比if语气更强：You will fail unless you study hard. = You will fail if you do not study hard.除非你努力学习，否则你会失败。【走近中考】Susan will not arrive at the airport on time she hurries up.A. once B. if C. when D. unless Your dream wont come true you know what your drea

45、m is.A. after B. unless C. while D. since 让步状语从句though/although意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。不能和but连用。Though I live near the sea, Im not a good swimmer.= I live near the sea, but Im not a good swimmer. 【走近中考】 he is only 8 years old, he knows more about science than his father.A. But B. Though C. So D. Because I c

46、ant still understand the passage there are few new words in it.A. so B. because C. if D. though the soldiers are very tired, they keep on working.They are great. We must learn from them.A. Because; / B. Though; / C. Because; so D. Though; but 结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：sothat, suchthat（如此以至于）so强调形容词或副词，that

47、后面接从句，常用于下面结构中：so + +thatsuch强调名词，常用于下面结构中：such + +thatHe is so old that he cant work. = He is too old to work. The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. = The box is too heavy for me to lift. 【走近中考】He was tired he fell asleep as soon as he lay down.A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. enough; tha

48、t 原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词：because（因为）She didnt go there, because she was ill. 她没有去那，因为她病了。回答why问句时，只能用because。Why are you late? Because I met a traffic accident on my way home. 汉语中，我们经常说“因为所以”，但在英文中because和so只能用一个。Because he was tired, he couldnt walk there.He was tired, so he couldnt walk there. 【走近中考】I

49、cant join the art club, I have no time to take part in its activities.A. because B. so C. though 【模拟试题】（答题时间：70分钟）代词I. 用适当的代词填空。1. 用适当的人称代词填空。Lily: Jim, could help , please?Jim: Whats wrong with ?Lily: think my model ship is broken.Jim: Let see.Lily:Can mend ?Jim: Sorry. You can ask Tom for help. 2.

50、 用适当的物主代词填空。Linlin: Whose is this sweater? It looks like , Meimei.Meimei: No, it isnt . I think its Marys. Mary cant find sweater. 3. 用适当的不定代词填空。Whos in the classroom? . All the students are on the playground. I dont know about the accident. I have to do with it. 4. 用适当的指示代词、反身代词或疑问代词填空。Is Mrs Brown speaking?Yes. Whos ? is Mary. May I speak to John? teaches you French?We teach .II. 单项选择1. Please come in and make at home, boys!A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. yours2. Can you tell me the name of the factory you visi