同义替换：阅读理解正确答案的最明显特征分享

1、文档供参考，可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！ 研习专页高考英语阅读理解正确答案的最明显特征：同义转化 同义转化是高考英语阅读理解正确答案的最强特征，这种同义转化关联在传统的阅读理解题型中是答对每一道题目的关键，所以考生应花相当的精力积累同义词汇、表达，对于高考阅读获取高分具有举足轻重的意义。同义转化实则是英语语篇的一种语言特征和规律即语言复现现象。它广泛地体现在英语语篇中的各个角落如语篇中的同义结构（详见本书P22页的“同义、反义结构示例”部分）、题干和原文的同义转化关系、正确答案和原文的同义转化关系。甚至书面表达部分也要用到“同义转化”，书面表达有一条重要的评分细则就是语言的多样化和丰富性

2、，实际上就是“同义转化”的体现。以下我们专门辑录了2014年高考英语阅读理解真题原文与题干+正确选项构成同义转化关系的实例，供大家慢慢体会。（注：囿于图书篇幅限制，仅列举很小一部分以飨读者。）1. 原文：In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizationsUNESCO and National Geographic among themhave for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they refl

3、ect.（2014新课标全国卷D篇）题干+正确选项：Many scholars are making efforts to rescue disappearing languages.（2014新课标全国卷32）对应关系：Many scholars=scholars；making efforts to=In an effort to；rescue=prevent、documenting；disappearing languages=language loss、dying languages；are making（现在进行时）时态对应have. been documenting（现在完成进行时）

4、2. 原文：The behaviour of a buildings users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). But this report shows that sustainable building design on its ownthough extremely importantis not enough to achieve s

5、uch reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too. （2014湖南卷C篇）题干+正确选项：As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of the behaviour of building users.（2014湖南卷66）对应关系：energy use=energy use；the new research from UKERC=new research from the UK Ene

6、rgy Research Centre (UKERC)、this report；stresses=according to、shows；the importance= as important as；the behaviour of building users=The behaviour of a buildings users、the behaviour of the people using the building3. 原文：Feedback (反馈) facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge

7、 this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use.（2014湖南卷C篇）题干+正确选项：The information gap in energy use can be bridged by feedback facilities.（2014湖南卷69）对应关系：The information gap=this information gap；energy use=energy use；can be bridged by（被动）=c

8、ould help bridge（主动）；feedback facilities=Feedback facilities4. 原文：The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aidwe simply weigh too much, and all our mass pushes down through our re

9、latively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink. （2014重庆卷C篇）题干+正确选项：Walking on water hasn't become a reality mainly because humans have biological limitations.（2014重庆卷44）对应关系：Walking on water=walk on water；hasn't become a reality=prevent us ever accomplishing such a th

10、ing；humans=humans；biological limitations=biological facts5. 原文：It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. （2014重庆卷E篇）题干+正确选项：According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to determine one's behavior.（201

11、4重庆卷52）对应关系：personalities and attitudes=their personalities and attitudes；are commonly believed to= It's generally believed that；determine one's behavior（determine暗示因果关系）=people act the way they do because of（because of暗示因果关系）6. 原文：All these, however, remains true only in so far as people wa

12、nt to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things. （2014江西卷D篇）题干+正确选项：According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to accept technology and advance steadily. （2014江西卷70）对应关系：progress=All these；benefit people=remains true .i

13、n so far as people；when=only；they are willing to=people want to；accept technology=accept technology；advance steadily=move forward7. 原文：As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. （2014福建卷E篇）题干+正确选项：We can learn from the first paragrap

14、h that energy policy catches much attention of the public. （2014福建卷72）对应关系：energy policy=energy policy；catches much attention of the public=few issues cause greater concern（greater暗示比较级）8. 原文：Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is

15、 committed to meeting EU ( European Union) targets for non-carbon energy generation. （2014福建卷E篇）题干+正确选项：Supporters think that the expansion of wind power agrees with EU targets for non-carbon energy generation. （2014福建卷73）对应关系：Supporters think that=Supporters insist that；the expansion of wind power=

16、wind；agrees with=meeting；EU targets=EU ( European Union) targets；for non-carbon energy generation=for non-carbon energy generation9. 原文：The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. （2014湖北卷C篇）题干+正确选项：Dr. Carters findings indicate that our c

17、ulture might be formed through learning from each other. （2014湖北卷62篇）对应关系：Dr. Carters findings=The findings；our culture=culture in societies；might be（暗示可能性语气）=may（暗示可能性语气）；be formed=the formation of；learning from each other= social learning10. 原文：If we always reproduced what was there before, we wou

18、ld all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.（2014安徽卷D篇）题干+正确选项：By “move things forward ” in the last paragraph, the author probably means “choose new archi

19、tectural styles”. （2014安徽卷70）对应关系：choose new architectural styles=argue against copying previous architectural styles、choose something fresh and different11. 原文：As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in

20、the ocean.（2014广东卷D篇）题干+正确选项：Ebbesmeyer is most famous for phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea. （2014广东卷44）对应关系：Ebbesmeyer is most famous for=Ebbesmeyer has become known as；phoning about= call with questions about；any doubtful objects=any unusual objects；on the sea=found floating in the oc

21、ean12. 原文：It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world.（2014天津卷D篇）题干+正确选项：The author mentions Henry Thoreau

22、 to prove that walking in nature helps enrich ones mind. （2014天津卷53）对应关系：Henry Thoreau=Henry Thoreau；walking in nature=going on foot、walking；helps enrich ones mind=showed mankind the richness、learn.13. 原文：To reach our goal of losing weightthe output, we need to control what we eatthe input (输入). Tha

23、t is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to construct goals. （2014北京卷C篇）题干+正确选项：The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because it is focused too much on the result. （2014北京卷63）对应关系：setting weight loss as a goal=To reach our goa

24、l of losing weight；a mistake=a bad way to construct goals；is focused too much on the result（too much暗示比较级）=we tend to care about the output but not to control the input（but not to暗示比较级）14. 原文： In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessa

25、ry nutrition "depending on who needs it".（2014辽宁卷C篇）题干+正确选项：The underlined sentence "the opposite is true" in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees depend on each other. （2014辽宁卷29）对应关系：the opposite is true=the opposite is true；trees depend on each other=trees survive through the

26、ir co-operation and support=passing around necessary nutrition "depending on who needs it"15. 原文：But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued. （2014四川卷A篇）题干+正确选项：The volunteers primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities to realize their own importan

27、ce. （2014四川卷33）对应关系：The volunteers primary responsibility=your primary concern；is to=is to；people with learning disabilities=them；realize their own importance=know they are valued16. 原文：Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someones

28、 time or money could be better spent on something else. （2014江苏卷B篇）题干+正确选项：According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to weighing the choice of opportunities. （2014江苏卷58）对应关系：the concept of “opportunity cost”=the concept of opportunity cost；is applied to=refers to；weighin

29、g the choice of opportunities（weighing暗示比较级）=whether. could be better.（be better暗示比较级）17. 原文：In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one p

30、ersons awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another. （2014江苏卷C篇）题干+正确选项：The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger is socially and culturally shaped. （2014江苏卷61）对应关系：The “duels” example=duels；the expression of anger=physical expressions of anger；socially and cu

31、lturally shaped=are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated18. 原文：Some nights, in order to taste my victory more completely, I cheated. I would stop at the most exciting part of a story by Jack London or Bret Harte, and without warning tell them that that was as far as I had gone i

32、n the book and it would have to be continued the following evening. It was not true, of course; but I had to make certain of my new-found power and position. （2014浙江卷D篇）题干+正确选项：Sometimes the writer stopped at the most exciting part of a story to experience more joy of achievement. （2014浙江卷59）对应关系：So

33、metimes=Some nights；the writer stopped=I would stop；at the most exciting part of a story=at the most exciting part of a story；experience more joy of achievement（more暗示比较级）=taste my victory more completely（more暗示比较级）、make certain of my new-found power and position19. 原文：For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young.（2014上海卷A篇）题干+正确选项：A plover protects its young from a predator by pret