科技英语复习资料

1、科技英语复习资料（来源：老师授课用PPT）一汉译英1.本文介绍了热能制冷技术和燃料电池的工作原理及其特点。针对燃料电池汽车余热浪费大的特点，提出了利用其余热制冷为燃料电池汽车空调提供冷源的方法，并对其可行性进行了研究。 This paper introduces the work principles and features of fuel cell as well as refrigeration technique driven by heat energy. Considering the present fact that a large amount of heat of fuel

2、 cell automobile is wasted, this paper proposes the program of providing the cold source for the automobile air-conditioner with the refrigeration driven by the wasted heat and studies the feasibility of it.2.只有通过对该系统性能的研究，我们才能了解它的优点。Only through the study of the performance of the system, we can un

3、derstand its advantages.3.叶片装在铣床上。Vanes stand on the milling machine.4.十五年前，电子战在朝鲜战争中偶有应用。Fifteen years ago, electronic warfare saw only sparse service in Korea.5.如果我们测得地震波的走时和振幅，我们就能够确定地下的几何形状并估算与岩石速度和密度有关的声阻抗。Seismic measurements of travel time and amplitude define the subsurface geometry and give

4、 estimates of the acoustic impedances related to rock velocities and densities.6.我们在分析破损材料时，通常需要先做直观判断，再做实际试验。Analysis of a damaged material usually requires intuitive judgment followed by real-life testing.7.电子计算机之所以效率高，是由于其运算速度快，而且计算准确。The effectiveness of the electronic computer lies in its great

5、 speed and accuracy in calculation.8.即使我们将普通食盐溶于水，也不能改变其化学性质。 Even the dissolution in water cannot enable common salt to change its chemical properties. 9.活塞与汽缸的配合间隙，对于发动机的使用寿命影响很大，影响配合间隙的主要因素是活塞在工作状态下的变形。真实反映活塞变形情况，国内已广泛采用有限元法进行数值分析。Since the joint gap between a piston and a cylinder has great infl

6、uence on the service life of an engine, and the primary factor influencing the joint gap is the deformation of piston under working condition, it is important to show up the actual deformation of piston and for this purpose the finite element method has been widely applied to analyze it numerically

7、in China.10.本文将Q过程重新分类，得到每类Q过程存在、唯一性准则以及一般表达式，我们的结果在过程构造及定性理论，特别在含瞬时效的Q过程的构造及定性理论中有重要应用。 In this paper, Q-processes are classified in a new method and the existence and uniqueness as well as the forms of each class of Q-process are obtained. The result obtained has important application in the const

8、ruction and qualitative theory of Q-processes, especially, in that of instantaneous state Q-processes.11.本文对一个主跨400m的大型混凝土斜拉桥在汽车与人群载荷下的状态进行了非线性分析，给出了全桥各控制截面力学量的非线性影响系数。分析表明这类桥的非线性影响系数可达15%左右。In this paper, a large concrete cable-stayed bridge with a 400-meter-long main span under the loads of vehicl

9、es and human groups is analyzed by nonlinear theory and the nonlinear influence factors of mechanical quantities at controlling sections of the bridge are evaluated. It shows that the nonlinear influence factors of this kind of bridge may reach about 15%.12.近40年来，在大量工程设计实践中，我院积极采取新技术、新材料和新设备，荣获部优、省优

10、设计奖25项。In recent 40 years, the designers of the institute have actively adopted new techniques, new building materials and new equipment in their design practice. As a result, the institute has won 25 prizes for excellent designs awarded by the Ministry and the Province. 13.本文介绍了CAPP系统中自动生成和输出工序图的基本

11、方法，并重点论述了比例设置、剖面线的绘制，尺寸、公差、粗糙度的标注等基本问题，其中剖面线的绘制方法是比较独特、新颖和通用的方法。In this paper, a basic method of automatic creation and output operation figure in CAPP is introduced. The emphasis is laid on setting proportion, drawing section line, indication of size, tolerance and roughness and other basic problem

12、s, among which the method of drawing section line is not only distinctive and novel but also of universal use.14.谁也不清楚的问题当然需要详细讨论。This problem that nobody knows how to solve needs to discuss in detail.二、英译汉1. Electricity can be measured in amount and quality. 电可以用数量和质量来度量。 2.Instrument transformers

13、are installed on the high-voltage equipment.互感器安装在高压设备上3.Electric power is generated in power generating stations or plants. 电能是在发电站或发电厂产生的 4.Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulation medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, and its ability to store electrica

14、l energy is termed capacitance. It is measured in Farads.电能可以储存在被一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属板中，这样的装置被称为电容器，它储存电能的能力就被称为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。 5.The signal should be filtered before being amplified. 放大信号前，应先对其进行滤波6.Once being placed in the sun, an object becomes hot.物体放置在太阳下会变热。7.Before designing a new electronic product w

15、e must do various experiments.在设计一个新的电子产品之前，我们必须做各种实验 8.Changing resistance is a method for controlling the flow of the current.改变电阻是控制电流的一种方法 9.Conducting electricity means the flow of electrons through an object.传导电流意味着电子在物体内的流动 10.The power supply shown in block-diagram in Fig.1 is a single-phase

16、 switch-mode inverter.图1中用框图表示的电源是一个单相开关逆变器11.A three-phase circuit, as pointed out above, is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits. 正如上面所指出的那样，三相电路只不过是三个单相电路的组合。12.The transistor working with correctly polarities can work as an amplifier. 工作于正确电源极性下的晶体管，作用就像放大器。13The capacity of indiv

17、idual generators is larger and larger to satisfy the increasing demand of electric power.单台发电机的容量越来越大，目的就是满足不断增长的用电需求。14.The function of a fuse is to protect a circuit. 保险的作用就是保护电路。15.If possible, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system. 可能的话，这个系统应该使用开环控制方法。 16.As in Fig.1, ther

18、e is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.就像图1所示的那样，这个闭环系统中有一个反馈元件。 17.The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay system with two circuits in it.这个装置包括一个互感器和一个有两个电路的继电器系统。18.It has been mentioned above that the electrons in a metal are able to move freely through the metal,

19、 that their motion constitutes an electric current in the metal and that they play an important part in conduction of heat.前面已经提到：金属中电子能自由地通过金属，电子的移动在金属中形成了电流，电子在热传导中起着重要的作用。19.The reluctance motor operates synchronously at a speed which is determined by the supply frequency and the number of poles

20、for which the stator is wound.磁阻电动机以某一速率同步动转，该速率是由电源频率和定子绕制的级数决定的。20.The testing of a cross-field generator will be described in this section with chief reference to the tests that are normally taken on every machine before it leaves the makers works.交磁发电机的试验将在本节中叙述，它主要涉及每台电机在离开制造厂前应进行的试验。21.All rad

21、iant energies have wavelike characteristics analogous to those of waves moving through water. 所有的辐射能都具有波的特性，与水中移动的波的特征相似。 22.The instruments present include some digital ones relative to DSPs 到场的仪器中还有一些与DSP有关的数字仪器 ，Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理22.The lathe should be set on a firm base.车床应安装在坚实的底座

22、上。 23.As we know, a base reacts with an acid to form a salt. 众所周知，碱与酸起反应生成盐。 24.A transistor has three electrodes, the emitter, the base and the collector.晶体管有三个极，即发射极、基极和集电极。25.We have now accumulated a considerable body of knowledge about mechatronics.目前，我们在机械电子学方面已经积累了大量知识。（名词）26.They are in desp

23、erate need of this kind of bodied oil.他们非常需要这种聚合油。（过去分词）27.Imagination bodies forth the forms of things unknown.想象力能使未知事物的形象呈现出来。（动词）28.Line AB is the base of the triangle ABC.AB线是三角形ABC的底边。 29.Mathematics is the base of all other sciences, and arithmetic, the science of numbers, is the base of math

24、ematics. 30.数学是所有其他科学的基础，而算术，即数的科学，则是数学的基础。31.It is impossible to predict in detail the shape and mechanism of the robot slave. It might carry its computer and response mechanism around with it and also its source of power.现在详细地预言这种机器人的形状和机理是不可能的。它可能自身带有电子计算机和反应装置及能源。32.The independent chuck has fou

25、r jaws, while the universal chuck has only three.分动卡盘有四个爪，而万能卡盘只有三个。 33.Whichever way the two-way switchers are left, one of the wires is alive and the other is dead.无论这两个双路开关合在哪一边，两根导线中总有一根是带电的，一根是不带电的。34.Such a ring of conductors is called an electric circuit. 导体的这样一个环路称为电路。 35.The beauty of laser

26、s is that they can do machining without ever physically touching the material.激光的妙处就在于它能进行机械加工而不必实际接触被加工的材料。 36.The difference between fusion and fission do not stop here. 聚变和裂变的差异不仅如此。 37.Optics technology is one of the most sensational development in recent years. 光学技术是近年来轰动一时的科学成就之一。 38.The elect

27、ric generator has been given a good checking.该发电机已经过彻底检查。 39.There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.我们要完全掌握集成电路技术，还必须经过三个阶段。 40.Various speeds may be obtained by the use of large and small pulleys.利用大小皮带轮可以获得不同的转速41.The foundation of the m

28、achine should not be constructed at a place of conspicuous temperature change, due to direct sunshine, excessive heat or vibration, or at a place contaminated with soil or dust particles.机床的地基不应建立在由于阳光直晒而引起温度明显变化的地方、过热或受振的地方，或受尘土污染的地方。42.Lakes and rivers that are heavily polluted with organic materi

29、al are liable to contain less dissolved oxygen than does nonpolluted water.受到有机物严重污染的湖泊和河流，比起未受污染的水来说，其中的溶解氧通常要少一些。43.The book has already been translated into many languages.该书已译成好几种语言。44.For a long time aluminium has been thought as an effective material for preventing metal corrosion.长期以来，铝被当作一种有

30、效地防止金属腐蚀的材料。45.The work must be finished at once.该项工作必须马上完成。46.Three machines can be controlled by a single operation.三台机器能由一个操作者操纵。47.They are going to build a library here next year. It is going to be built beside the classroom building.他们准备明年在这儿建一座图书馆，就建在教学楼旁边。48.Every moment of every day, energy

31、 is being transformed from one form into another.每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式形式变为另一种形式。49.Friction can be reduced and the life of the machine prolonged by lubrication.润滑能减少摩擦，延长机器寿命。50.The newly-found building material is widely used home and abroad.国内外广泛采用这种新型建筑材料。51.Quality must be guaranteed first. 首先要保证质量。52.

32、Solar energy will be used on a large scale. 人们将大规模使用太阳能。53.This kind of steel is not corroded by air and water.这种钢不会被空气和水腐蚀。54.The plan was especially supported by those who wished to have more chance to speak English.这个计划特别受到希望多有机会说英语的人的支持。55.With computer, the ideas of todays scientists can be stu

33、died, tested, distributed, and used more rapidly than ever before.有了计算机，科学家们的理论今天就可以比过去任何时候更快得到研究、检验、传播及应用。56.The process by which energy is changed from one form into another is called the transformation of energy.能量从一种形式变成另一种形式的过程称为能量转换。57.Currently most solar cells are made from crystals of high-

34、purity silicon.目前，绝大多数太阳能电池是用高纯度的硅晶体制成的。58.Produced by electrons are the x-rays, which allow the doctor to took aside a patients body.电子产生的是x射线，医生可以用它透视病人的身体。59.If a 10-kilogram box is lifted one meter the work done is 10 kilogram-meter.如果把已知10千克的箱子升高1米，则所做的功为10克/千米。 60.Mechanical energy can be chan

35、ged into electric energy by a generator.发电机可以将机械能变为电能。61.In the watch making industry, the tradition of high precision engineering must be kept.在钟表制造业，必须保持高精度工艺的传统。 62.Steel is usually made where the iron ore is smelted, so that the modern steelworks forms a complete unity, taking in raw materials a

36、nd producing all types of cast iron and steel, both for sending to other works for further and as finished products such as joists and other consumers.译文：通常炼铁的地方也炼钢。因此，现代炼铁厂是一个配套的整体，从运进原料到生产各种类型的铸铁与钢材；有的送往其他工厂进一步加工处理，有的就制成成品，如工字钢及其他一些成材。63.This classification includes all metal-cutting machinery, th

37、e action of which is a progressive cutting away of surplus stocka gradual reduction in size until the finished dimensions are reached but excludes sheet metal working machinery and metal-forming and forging machines.译文：这类机器包括所有的金属切削机床。其作用在于能连续切削多余的原料，即尺寸逐渐缩小，直到符合规定的大小为止。但这类机器不包括金属板加工机、金属成型机与锻压机。64.A

38、n “alloy” steel is one which, in addition to the contents of carbon, sulphur and phosphorus, contains more than 1 percent of manganese, or more than 0.3 percent of silicon, or some other elements in amounts not encountered in carbon steels.译文：如果一种钢除含有碳、硫、磷以外，还含有1%多的锰或0.3%多的硅或者一些碳素钢中不包含的其他元素，那么这种钢就是“

39、合金钢”。65.A diode placed in a circuit acts like a valve, allowing current to flow in only one direction.译文：装在线路中的二极管像一个只允许电流按一个方向流动的阀门。66.The construction of such a satellite is now believed to be quite realizable, its realization being supported with all the achievements of contemporary science, whic

40、h have brought into being not only materials capable of withstanding severe stresses involved and high temperatures developed, but new technological processes as well.现代科学的一切成就不仅提供能够承受高温高压的材料，而且也提供了新的工艺过程。依靠现代科学的这些成就，我们相信完全可以制造出这样的人造卫星。67.This year the estimated production of transistor is 400 milli

41、on, and we can safely assume that even this tremendous number is likely to increase.今年的晶体管产量估计是4亿只。即使这个数字虽然已经很大了，但我们这样估计是有把握的。68.A few years later he was able to take out his first patents for high-frequency AC generators and transformers.数年后，他就获得了高频交流发电机和变压器的发明专利，这是他所获得的最初两项专利。69.Watching on televi

42、sion, they vicariously jointed the undersea craft Alvin and Jason Jr. as they toured the wreckage of the luxury liner, wandering across the decks past corroded bollards, peering into the officers quarters and through rust-curtained portholes.电视观众们似乎身历其境地跟着潜水船“阿尔文号”和机器人探测器“小贾森号”一起巡视这艘豪华巨轮的残骸：一起漫步甲板，越

43、过已被锈蚀的系缆柱，凝视高级船员的住舱，透过挂满铁锈的舷窗往里看。70The global economy that boomed in the 1960s, growing at an average of 5.5 percent a year, and pushed ahead at a 4.5 percent-a-year in the mid-1970s, simply stopped growing in 1981-1982.世界经济在20世纪60年代很繁荣，每年平均以5.5%的比率增长，到了70年代中期仍以平均每年4.5%的比率增长，但是在19811982年就完全停止增长了。71.

44、Third World countries export their mineral deposits and tropical agricultural products, which bring them desired foreign exchange.第三世界国家出口矿物和热带农作物，以换取所需的外汇。72.Each cylinder therefore is encased in a water jacket, which forms part of a circuit through which water is pumped continuously, and cooled by

45、 means of air drawn in from the outside atmosphere by large rotary fans, worked off the main crankshaft, or, in the large diesel-electric locomotives, by auxiliary motors.译文：因而每个汽缸都用一个水套围着，水套形成循环回路的一部分，由水泵驱使水在回路中不停地流动，并用有外部鼓进的空气来使水冷却。鼓风用的大型旋转风扇是由主曲轴带动的，而在大型电传动内燃机车上，则由辅助电机带动。 研究生入学翻译题 With its theme

46、that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing. Allens contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefor

47、e control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action a

48、s the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ” Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not

49、 accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you dont “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter. Part of the fame of Allens book is its contention th

50、at “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom. This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle a

51、rgument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fact, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we h

52、ave been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a persons early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual. The sobering aspect of Allens book is that we have no one else to blame for o

53、ur present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible. 我们每个人都认为：自己不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思想；爱伦的贡献在于他研究了这一假说，并揭示其错误的本质。我们或许只通过意识就能维持这

54、种控制的幻觉，但事实上，我们却总是面临一个问题：我们为什么不能让自己去做这件事情，实现那个目标呢？这种说法似乎为忽视需要帮助的人找到了借口，使剥削合理化，令上层人优越，底层人卑微。环境似乎旨在激发我们的最大潜能，如果我们总感觉“上天不公”，那么不太可能会自觉地努力脱离现状。积极的一面是，既然万事都取决于我们，那么就有无限可能。以前，我们能够熟练应对种种局限；现在，我们把握着未来的可能。其他翻译常用例型As already discussed 前已讨论As explained before 前已解释As described above 如上所示If possible (necessary)如果可

55、能（必要）If so 倘若如此As previously mentioned 前已提到When needed (necessary, feasible)必要时Where feasible 在实际可行的场合Where possible 在可能的情况下It is found that据发现It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It is illustrated that据图示（据说明）It must be admitted that必须承认It is must be pointed that必须指出It is will be seen from this

56、 that由此可见It was estimated that据估计 常用词汇 current流通-电流 loop环-(电路)回路 flux 通量-磁通 piece 片-零部件 gain 盈利-增益 pig 猪-金属锭块 dog 狗-挡板，止动爪 cat猫-钓锚，履带拖拉机 fish 鱼-接合板，夹板 horse 马-支架 monkey 猴子-活动扳手，起重机 fox 狐狸-绳索 bird 鸟-飞机，火箭 coat 外套-镀层 cap 帽子-轴承盖，罩壳 shoe 鞋-闸瓦，履带片 brush 刷子-电刷 cup 杯子-皮碗 bed 床-底座，机座身 bench 长凳-拉床 house 房子-箱体，罩 disk 唱片-研磨盘 desk 书桌-控制屏 table 桌子-放料盘eye 眼-环孔 ear 耳-吊钩 mouth 口-开度 nose 鼻-喷嘴 hand 手-手柄，指针增益 finger 手指-厚