202X版高考英语二轮复习专题一语法运用第三节重难增分三定语从句与名词性从句课件

1、专题一专题一 语法运用语法运用第三节核心考点讲练通第三节核心考点讲练通重难增分三定语从句与名词性从句重难增分三定语从句与名词性从句(一一)定语从句定语从句定语从句是高考必考点之一，定语从句是高考必考点之一，语法填空语法填空主要考查关系代词、关系副词的选用，故分清主要考查关系代词、关系副词的选用，故分清句子结构，搞清定语从句部分缺少何种成分至关重要。语法填空考查形式均为无提示句子结构，搞清定语从句部分缺少何种成分至关重要。语法填空考查形式均为无提示词型填空。词型填空。短文改错短文改错主要考查引导词的误用。定语从句的重要性还体现在书面表达主要考查引导词的误用。定语从句的重要性还体现在书面表达上，它

2、属于高级句式，对提升文章的档次起着举足轻重的作用。上，它属于高级句式，对提升文章的档次起着举足轻重的作用。语法填空中的定语从句语法填空中的定语从句高考这样考高考这样考1(2019高考全国卷高考全国卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _she opened with her late husband Les.2(2019高考全国卷高考全国卷) They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience

3、with caring for these animals.3(2018高考全国卷高考全国卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soiltesting program _gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.4(2017高考全国卷高考全国卷)But Sarah，_has taken

4、part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.题目这么解题目这么解 1依据句子成分先判断从句类型，是定语从句、名词性从句或状语从句。依据句子成分先判断从句类型，是定语从句、名词性从句或状语从句。2定语从句解题技巧：定语从句解题技巧：(1)寻找先行词，辨别人与物寻找先行词，辨别人与物(如题如题2)；(2)判定从句中所缺的成分，确定填关系代词判定从句中所缺的成分，确定填关系代词(如题如题4)或者关系副词；或者关系副词；(3)明确关系代词在限制性定语从句明确关系代词在限

5、制性定语从句(如题如题3)和非限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(如题如题1)中的区别；中的区别；(4)看是否需要考虑固定的介宾结构，尤其是介词置于关系代词之前时；看是否需要考虑固定的介宾结构，尤其是介词置于关系代词之前时；(5)what不能引导定语从句，不能引导定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。不能引导非限制性定语从句。类题对点练类题对点练1They live in a small house，in front of which stands an orange tree.They live in a small house，and in front of it stands an

6、orange tree.2The old man has three sons，none of whom_is a doctor.The old man has three sons，but none of them is a doctor.3But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter.4The majority of the ads were also promoting extracurric

7、ular education institutions，which_have been condemned for putting extra academic pressure on students.5(2019河北衡水中学调考河北衡水中学调考)After living in Australia for many years，Louise finally returned to the country where_she was born.短文改错中的定语从句短文改错中的定语从句高考这样考高考这样考1. (2019高考全国卷高考全国卷) One afternoon where I was

8、in primary school，I was walking by the school playground. _2(2019高考全国卷高考全国卷)In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them._3(2018高考全国卷高考全国卷)They also had a small pond which they raised fish._4(2017高考全国卷高考全国卷)In their spare time, they are interest

9、ed in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house._题目这么解题目这么解1关系代词或关系副词有无错用关系代词或关系副词有无错用(如题如题1)或缺失；或缺失；2限制性和非限制性定语从句中关系词的使用是否混淆限制性和非限制性定语从句中关系词的使用是否混淆(如题如题4)；3关系代词前的介词有无缺失关系代词前的介词有无缺失(如题如题3); 4定语从句与名词性从句引导词是否错用定语从句与名词性从句引导词是否错用(如题如题2)。类题对点练类题对点练1(2019山东日照摸底考试山东日照摸底考试)I

10、ts a black square suitcase，what is just as big as a schoolbag.3(2019福建龙岩福建龙岩3月质检月质检)The house I grew up in it has been taken down and replaced by an office building.答案：答案：The house I grew up in it has been taken down and replaced by an office building.4An ecosystem consists of the living and nonlivi

11、ng things in an area where interact with each other.定语从句核心知识提炼定语从句核心知识提炼 一、确定关系词之一、确定关系词之“三看三看”1看先行词和从句之间有无逗号隔开，有逗号的为非限制性定语从句，不可以用看先行词和从句之间有无逗号隔开，有逗号的为非限制性定语从句，不可以用that引导；引导；2看先行词的属性看先行词的属性(是指人还是指物，表示时间、地点还是原因是指人还是指物，表示时间、地点还是原因)；3看关系词在从句中所作的成分是主语、宾语、表语还是状语。作主语、宾语、表看关系词在从句中所作的成分是主语、宾语、表语还是状语。作主语、宾语、

12、表语时用关系代词语时用关系代词who/whom/whose/which/that/as；作状语时用关系副词；作状语时用关系副词when/where/why。He came from a family which/that had been rich for at least one hundred years.他来自一个至少昌盛了他来自一个至少昌盛了100年的家庭。年的家庭。He came from a family where everyone respects each other.他来自一个彼此间相互尊敬的家庭。他来自一个彼此间相互尊敬的家庭。二、定语从句中用二、定语从句中用that不用

13、不用which的情况：的情况：1当先行词是当先行词是all，any，anything，everything，nothing，something等不定代词或被等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时；不定代词修饰时；I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。2当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时；当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时；3当先行词被当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last

14、等修饰时；等修饰时；4当先行词既有人又有物时。当先行词既有人又有物时。They will never forget the persons and things that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。2as与与which两者都可引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句的全部内容。两者都可引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句的全部内容。as在句中的位置比较灵活，在句中的位置比较灵活，意为意为“正如，正像正如，正像”；which

15、只能用在句中，意为只能用在句中，意为“这，这一点这，这一点”。The mother tried to persuade her son to give up smoking，which didnt help.母亲竭力说服儿子放弃吸烟，但没有效果。母亲竭力说服儿子放弃吸烟，但没有效果。“You cant judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.正如老话所说的那样：正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相人不可貌相”。四、和介词有关的定语从句知识四、和介词有关的定语从句知识1在定语从句中，充当宾语的关系代词为在定语从句中，充当宾语的关系代词为t

16、hat/which/whom，而，而that不能与介词直不能与介词直接连用，故介词后填写关系代词时，只可能为接连用，故介词后填写关系代词时，只可能为which(指物指物)或或whom(指人指人)。2关系副词关系副词when，where在定语从句中，一般可替换为在定语从句中，一般可替换为“介词介词which”的情况。而的情况。而why在定语从句中可替换为在定语从句中可替换为for which。I will remember the day when/on which I left my hometown forever.我将永远记得我离开家乡的那一天。我将永远记得我离开家乡的那一天。I stil

17、l remember the factory where/in which I worked.我仍记得我工作过的那个工厂。我仍记得我工作过的那个工厂。3“名词名词of which”常代替常代替“whose名词名词”在定语从句中作定语。在定语从句中作定语。He mentioned a book，the title of which/whose title Ive forgotten.他提到了一本书，书的名字我已经忘了。他提到了一本书，书的名字我已经忘了。五、巧辨定语从句与其他从句五、巧辨定语从句与其他从句1定语从句与名词性从句的区别：定语从句前必须有先行词，先行词通常为名词或定语从句与名词性从句

18、的区别：定语从句前必须有先行词，先行词通常为名词或代词；名词性从句除同位语从句外，前面均无名词或代词；代词；名词性从句除同位语从句外，前面均无名词或代词；2定语从句与同位语从句的区别：二者前通常都有名词或代词，但定语从句起修定语从句与同位语从句的区别：二者前通常都有名词或代词，但定语从句起修饰、限定作用；同位语从句起解释、说明作用；引导定语从句的饰、限定作用；同位语从句起解释、说明作用；引导定语从句的that在从句中作主在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；而引导同位语从句的语、宾语或表语；而引导同位语从句的that在从句中不作成分。在从句中不作成分。The news that he told me w

19、as exciting.他告诉我的消息令人振奋。他告诉我的消息令人振奋。(定语从句定语从句)The news that he passed the exam was exciting.他通过考试的消息令人振奋。他通过考试的消息令人振奋。(同位语从句同位语从句)(二二)名词性从句名词性从句通过对近五年语法填空和短文改错试题的分析可以发现，名词性从句是考查的重点和通过对近五年语法填空和短文改错试题的分析可以发现，名词性从句是考查的重点和难点。难点。语法填空语法填空考查形式为无提示词型填空，重点考查名词性从句的引导词，尤其是考查形式为无提示词型填空，重点考查名词性从句的引导词，尤其是对对what，t

20、hat，who的考查。的考查。短文改错短文改错主要考查引导词的误用和多余。书面表达中的主要考查引导词的误用和多余。书面表达中的名词性从句毫无疑问是得高分的亮点。名词性从句毫无疑问是得高分的亮点。语法填空中的名词性从句语法填空中的名词性从句高考这样考高考这样考1(2019高考北京卷高考北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question suggests that，for most students，it doesnt. What students do at college seem

21、s to matter much more than _they go. 2(2019高考江苏卷改编高考江苏卷改编)Scientists have obtained more evidence _plastic is finding its way into the human body.3(2018高考全国卷高考全国卷)Im not sure _is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.4(2018高考北京卷改编高考北京卷改编) Without his s

22、upport, we wouldnt be _ we are now. 5(2017高考北京卷改编高考北京卷改编)Every year，_makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 题目这么解题目这么解1先确定从句类型：分析句子成分，确定是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位先确定从句类型：分析句子成分，确定是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句；语从句；2再确定从句中缺少什么成分：缺少连词填再确定从句中缺少什么成分：缺少连词填that, whether, if；缺少连接代词填；缺少连接代词填wha

23、t, who, whom, which, whatever, whoever, whichever；缺少连接副词填；缺少连接副词填when, why, where, whenever, wherever, how。(1)缺少状语填连接副词缺少状语填连接副词(如题如题1，题，题4)；(2)缺少主语、宾语、表语填连接代词缺少主语、宾语、表语填连接代词(如题如题3，题，题5)；(3)不缺成分，考虑不缺成分，考虑that引导同位语从句或表语从句引导同位语从句或表语从句(如题如题2)；(4)不缺成分但表示疑问考虑不缺成分但表示疑问考虑whether或或if；(5)判断题目是不是用判断题目是不是用it作形

24、式主语或宾语的名词性从句。作形式主语或宾语的名词性从句。类题对点练类题对点练1What we used to see as something impossible is now becoming a reality.2(2019河南阶段检测河南阶段检测)The Merry Men include a king called Richard .In the story，the king hides his identity and joins the Merry Men because he wants to see whether/if Robin Hood is corrupt.3It gives us great delight that Chinese science fictions are becoming increasingly popular.4You dont know what a letter like that means to us.We u