延续性动词和短暂性动词笔记

1、 持续动词与瞬间动词 英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。 持续性动词表示一个动作可持续一段时间， 此类动词有 do, live, have, keep, wear, sleep, wait, work, play, stay, know, sing, dance, write, study, rest, talk, walk 等 . 瞬时性动词表示不能持续的动作， 这种动作发生后立即结束， 此类动词有 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, leave, move, borrow, buy, d

2、ie, lend, join, catch, get, win, fail 等 一、持续性动词 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。 常见的有 study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep 等。 二、瞬间性动词 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有 begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive,

3、 reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off 等。 以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。 三、用法 1、 持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用， 而瞬间性动词则不能。 例如： His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour. （他的父母跟老师谈了半个

4、小时。 ） My mother has lain in bed for 3 days. （我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。 ） My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950. （我父母亲从 1950 年起就住在上海了。 ） 2、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常的方法： （1）用意思相当的持续性动词来替换，例如： He has been in the army/a soldier for htree years. （他参军已有 3 年了。）不能用 has joined She has been up for quite some t

5、ime. （她起床已有好久了。 ）不能用 has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （你哥哥离家已有好久了吗？） 不能用 has left 初中课本中的常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下： 1、 go be away 2、 be here 3、 come back be back 4、leave be away( be not here ) 5、 buy have 6、 borrow keep 7、 die be dead 8、begin be on 9、 finish be over 10、open be

6、 open 11close be closed 12、 lose be lost 13get to know know 14、 turn on be on 15get up be up 16、 sit down sit/be seated 17join be in ()或 be amember a）用延续性动词代替终止性动词 has bought) this bike for almost four years. I have kept( 不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用 be 替代 become How long ha

7、s your sister been a teacher? 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold1、 用 have 代替 buy My brother has had( 不能用 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用 wear 代替 put on b)用“ be+形容词”代终止性动词 1、bemarried 代 marry 2、beill 代 fall (get) ill 3、be dead 代 die 4、 be asleep 代 fall (g

8、et) asleep 5、beawake 代 wake/wake up 6 、be gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen 代 open 8 、be closed 代 close/shut 9、be missing(gone,lost) 代 lose 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作， 这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。 如 stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、 瞬间动词或短暂性动词， 表示不能延续的动作， 生

9、后立即结束。 如 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, borrow,buy 等。 Come-be here Go - be there leaver be away, borrow keep, buy T have, begin/start T be on, dietbe dead, move to t live in, finishtbe over, jointbe in/be a member of, open sth.tkeep sth. open, feel illtbe ill, get uptbe

10、 up, catch a coldthave a cold come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), leave - be away from, get to know - know, go (get) out tbe out， put on t wear； 例 :The old man died 4 years ago. - The old man has been de

11、ad for 4 years. - It is 4 years since the old man died. -Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. - I have had the book for 5 days. 补充练习： 1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 min

12、utes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 3. The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4. Mary and Rose _ friends since they met in 2000. A. have

13、 made B. have been C. made D. have become 5. _ You mustnt until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left 6. _ The meeting for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 7. _ Miss Gao this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 8. _ Ben a teacher fo

14、r 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became 9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned 10. How long _ he _ ? ：learn, work, 这种动作发 leave, move, A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead 11. How long can I _ the book? Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep 12. _

15、 He the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 13. - How long _ you _ ill ? - Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been 14.Since 2000, he his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from 15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take 16. _ The bus on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been