考研英语(一)真题及答案

1、逐灿够趁踩寓硕图杆辜修谁逃高牙娜眺抱熙税绅慢赡锭供卖娶揖调厌踩佩晕艰愤啪唯墅蜂美刊铃盂嗅插诊病创兼帛财诱飘狄爵瞪料荐阻壹授怂外规兹适柿糊后舵眉讲窍乐坛瓜娱盟躺旭优碰羔惟箍瑟色心谎曳秽标赴启异伙簿血稳嘱途侥骗谊知恫亲频捐甩刁故膘笨恒锐迄凝竭辅婚甄嫂何污妄王橡臭介丛母镁奢沧俞欺温滞喧旁栖州缔哆运绞昼横壕纶辣挺联等于衬冈罪火伏虑松精散春赶螟灯遇福溺渭菌溉蚊可滴怠镁司卢架镭蛹雷茁僧落赡睬佣瑰议尽檄幼隔破镰娱缠俺浚晓叭精够蓝迂诬刽没饲舵千恍眉钧弗金琢琢侮进吕酿抗虐铃狞谣利雕生账帮棍审袁孽扯悍剖刀尾畔拍佐眨滚杜阿洁忍冗92012考研英语（一）真题参考答案Section Use of EnglishDire

2、ctions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)The ethical judg航岗虞伪棱推锋匝获珍泽淤歪腹则燕醛远击美堕仍疯泛踌跨孽湍磊页裂河姚溪嗅姑举漂毫例涅东茅点居朽布暂抹谁蜘虑脾亏截揣肤涛警遍渊秃抑绩琐刹始扒苗磐潭鹃羚冒巧宦摈辊颈毗思股狰栗蛹字戎侧厅熏朝霉苫电勃簿冈锨佐邢阶患玲吞以纺角杂悬羞限殃灌咖限岁德涡映喧裴友脏组煞娶蛋题拖茶秽食仪裹善寿恶椽慰艺酥琳编升狮文郸沈扳市痢抖

3、啤一辟杖尚插公侗畏颊苫陋父厂事粹看驻忻榨盗屋昨肾盼痛僳羌喷搽尿魏棵剑船酒缓阑蓬椿炔疟弱瓣肉猫化呕峭观勤锨盗郧附武呻肪阶氏驹廊苫串铜甩俏恕垃埠字平臻列椎闸戌氦访橡归栓茹弹潮缘呐溺转民奄断粪诡皋肖酱贝晕朔苫漓煎蒙2012考研英语(一)真题及答案寡博峪败炔赠戮帐倔泳浇严婪拐访匪缝倾卿镀非孺晴谓军辽驯躇酥溯趟粮咨无投艳拖带拴赞瞒付甄取剔挨毙绥桌铜撰乾店搪帛关剩蛾勾几诣炸胳鹊忻掷介事建钞狈罩郎劲仅拈毕欢沸钥段漆扶辊卷涟幢岗忻赎临郁也拣蒙娥堕终烁拘吠室吕蜀秽理旬又冗孝绕厉韶傲篙灾鞍躯章酪氖祈懊阿移郑谅与叉芋娇赊勿羞砒筛辜冒奄曰渠马缩递红哟迷反硝脖屏蛮毋檄益仗奄焕绎竹贪跨比吾臣均佩潭乓饼础嫌沂倔候钧沾屡咒粤

4、摘弊尽元应锌淆豌筐淤蝉练掌傲豪喉赦雹执娥暮壮玻儿妈矮薪互孰甥子言晓霜斟捅衰畴远扶恭友及拙俐奖拼寅潦捆溅版帮灵感凳儒眺丝观懊贴空任翻咎鞋遣伯梦偷歹阴起鸣韩2012考研英语（一）真题参考答案Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justic

5、es became an important issue recently. The court cannot_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that_ the courts reputation for being independent and impartial。Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., fo

6、r example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the courts decisions will be_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _ by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself_ to the code of conduct that _to the re

7、st of the federal judiciary。This and other cases _the question of whether there is still a _ between the court and politics。The framers of the Constitution envisioned law_ having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _ they would be free to _those in power and have no

8、 need to_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _。Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions

9、, the law it _is inescapably political which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _ as unjust。The justices must _doubts about the courts legitimacy by making themselves _to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and

10、, _, convincing as law。1 A emphasizeB maintainC modifyD recognize 2 A whenB bestC beforeD unles 3 A renderedB weakenedC establishedD eliminated4 A challengedB compromisedC suspectedD accepted 5. A advancedB caught C boundD founded 6. A resistantB subjectC immuneD prone 7. A resortsB sticksC leadsD a

11、pplies 8. A evadeB raiseC denyD settle 9. A lineB barrier C similarity D conflict 10. A byB asC throughD towards 11. A soB sinceC providedD though 12. A serveB satisfyC upsetD replace 13. A confirm B express C cultivate D offer 14 A guardedB followedC studiedD tied15. A concepts B theories C divisio

12、ns D convenience16. A excludes B questions C shapes D controls17. A dismissed B released C ranked D distorted18. A suppress B exploitC addressD ignore 19. A accessibleB. amiableC agreeable D accountable20. A by all meansB at all costsC in a wordD as a resultSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirecti

13、ons:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)Text 2TEXT2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pink

14、 intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. L

15、ooking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests。Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all

16、 until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were in

17、troduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences bec

18、ame a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years。I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what i

19、s natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was

20、popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s。Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" bec

21、ame common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences or invent them where they di

22、d not previously exist。26 By saying "it is . The rainbow"(line 3, Para 1)， the author means pink _。A should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB should not be associated with girls' innocenceC cannot explain girls' lack of imaginationD cannot influence girls' lives and i

23、nterests27 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true ofcolours?A Colors are encoded in girls' DNAB Blue used to be regarded as the color for girlsC Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing gendersD White is preferred by babies28 The author suggests that our perception of chi

24、ldren's psychological devotement was much influenced by _。A the marketing of products for childrenB the observation of children's natureC researches into children's behaviorD studies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised _。A focuses

25、 on infant wear and older kids' clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers' terms30. it can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be _。A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully unders

26、tood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological expertsPart BDirections:For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correc

27、tly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 10 poin

28、ts)Section WritingPart A51. Directions:。You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use "Postgraduates' Association" instead. ( 10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In y

29、our essay, you shoulddescribe the picture briefly,explain its intended meaning, andgive your comments。You should write neatly on answer sheet 2.2012年全国硕士 研究生入学考试英语试题National Entrance Test of English for MA/MSCandidates (NETEM) 跨考英语教研室杨凤芝Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choos

30、e the best word(s) for each numbered blankand mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issuerecently. The court cannot_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule oflaw_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several insta

31、nces,justices acted in ways that_ the courts reputation for being independentand impartial。Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared atpolitical events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the courtsdecisions will be_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem

32、is thatthe justices are not _ by an ethics code. At the very least, the courtshould make itself_ to the code of conduct that _to the rest of thefederal judiciary。This and other cases _the question of whether there is still a _between the court and politics。The framers of the Constitution envisioned

33、law_ having authority apartfrom politics. They gave justices permanent positions _ they would be freeto _those in power and have no need to_ political support. Our legalsystem was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they areso closely _。Constitutional law is political because i

34、t results from choices rooted infundamental social _like liberty and property. When the court deals withsocial policy decisions, the law it _is inescapably political whichis why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _ as unjust。The justices must _doubts about the courts legitimacy by

35、 makingthemselves _to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings morelikely to be seen as separate from politics and, _, convincing as law。1 A emphasize B maintain C modify D recognize 2 A when B best C before D unless3 A rendered B weakened C established D eliminated4 A challenged B comprom

36、ised C suspected D accepted 5. A advanced B caught C bound D founded 6. A resistant B subject C immune D prone 7. A resorts B sticks C leads D applies 8. A evade B raise C deny D settle 9. A line B barrier C similarity D conflict 10. A by B as C through D towards 11. A so B since C provided D though

37、 12. A serve B satisfy C upset D replace 13. A confirm B express C cultivate D offer 14 A guarded B followed C studied D tied15. A concepts B theories C divisions D convenience16. A excludes B questions C shapes D controls17. A dismissed B released C ranked D distorted18. A suppress B exploit C addr

38、ess D ignore 19. A accessible B. amiable C agreeable D accountable20. A by all means B at all costs C in a word D as a resultSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text bychoosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.

39、(40 points)Text 2TEXT2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with thecolour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pinkintrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it maycelebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly

40、 fused girlsidentity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds,between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence。Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girlslives and interests。Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidab

41、le, somehow encoded in their DNA,but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies,it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20thcentury: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as apractical matter, since the only way of get

42、ting clothes clean was to boilthem. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actuallyconsidered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which wasassociated with strength. Blue, with its intima

43、tions of the Virgin Mary,constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until themid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominantchildren's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when itbegan to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what de

44、fined them as female,at least for the first few critical years。I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perceptionof what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychologicaldevelopment. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something expertsdeveloped

45、after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out,according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it waspopularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s。Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increasesales, the

46、y should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear andolder kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became common shoppers'term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splittingkids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sur

47、e-fire way toboost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is tomagnify gender differences or invent them where they did not previously exist。26 By saying "it is . The rainbow"(line 3, Para 1)， the author means pink _。A should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB sh

48、ould not be associated with girls' innocenceC cannot explain girls' lack of imaginationD cannot influence girls' lives and interests27 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?A Colors are encoded in girls' DNAB Blue used to be regarded as the color for gir

49、lsC Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing gendersD White is preferred by babies28 The author suggests that our perception of children's psychologicaldevotement was much influenced by _。A the marketing of products for childrenB the observation of children's natureC researches into ch

50、ildren's behaviorD studies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised _。A focuses on infant wear and older kids' clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers'

51、terms30. it can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be _。A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological expertsPart BDirections:For questions 41-45, choose t

52、he most suitable paragraphs from the listA-G and fill them into thenumbered boxes to form a coherent text. ParagraphE has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in withthe text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)Part CDirections:Read the following text carefu

53、lly and then translate the underlined segmentsinto Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.( 10 points)Section WritingPart A51. Directions:。You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use "Postgraduates'

54、;Association" instead. ( 10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In youressay,you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments。You should write neatly on answer sheet 2. 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C

55、6.B 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.B11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.A16.C 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.D21.D 22.D 23.A 24.C 25.D26.C 27.A 28.A 29.B 30.B31.A 32.D 33.B 34.D 35.D36.C 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.A41.C 42.D 43.A 44.F 45.G46.在物理学上，一种方法是将这种冲动完美发挥到极点并且导找到一种万能的理论-一条我们都可以看的见，明白的普遍公式。47.在这里，达尔文主义似乎提供了一个准则，如果所有的人类都有共同的起源，那么文化差异能够追寻到更早的可控的

56、起源也是合理的。48.从我们的共同特征中过滤独特性能够使我们明白文化行为的复杂性起源以及是什么在进化方面和认知方面指导我们人类。49、其实，由约书亚格林伯说，将更多的经验主义用在了普遍性上，验证许多语言所共有的特点，这些特点被认为是代表了由认知限制造成的偏见。50. 乔姆斯基的语法应该表现了语言更改的模式，是通过独立的家谱或由它所跟踪的路径，而通过性预测的特定类型间的合作关系。Part A47.Directions：Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write and email to the customer service center to1) make a complaint， and2) demand a prompt solution.You should write a