高中英语第二单元重点知识及例题

1、Unit 2 Robots一、语言要点I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇部分词语辨析1.desire/wish/hope/expect/want/long for2.assess/access 3.victory/success/conquest/triumph词形变化1. satisfaction n.满意satisfy v.使满意satisfying adj.令人满足的satisfied adj.感到满意的2. alarmed adj.感到惊吓的alarm v.&n. n.警报vt. 恐吓, 警告3.declare v.断言，宣称declaration n.宣布，宣

2、言，声明重点单词1. desire n.渴望 vt.想要2. satisfaction n.满意3. alarm n.警报 vt.使惊恐4. sympathy n.同情5. accompany vt.陪伴6. declare vt.宣布7. envy vt.嫉妒8. junior adj.较年幼的9. divorce n.离婚 vt.与离婚重点词组test out 考验 ring up 打电话给 turn around 转向leavealone 不打扰 set aside 将放在一边 be bound to 一定做 重点句型1. Claire didnt want the robot in h

3、er house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldnt harm her or allow her to be harmed.2. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.3. Asimov began having stories published in science fiction magazines in 1939.重点语法复习被动语态（包括动词不定式

4、）（I）(见语法专题) II 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1). desire/wish/hope/expect/want/long for【解释】desire属正式用语, 可代替wish 和want, 强调“主观愿望的热切性”, 含有“强烈希望做某事”的意思,wish语气比desire弱, 一般用于“难以实现或不可能实现的愿望”,指“希望”、“愿”、“想”hope表示实现的可能性较大的希望expect侧重“期待，预期，指望”want多用于口语式普通场合, 指“想”、“要”或“需要”, 表示“偏爱、选择”或“需要、热爱”long for表“希望，渴望”【练习】选择desire/wi

5、sh/hope/expect/want或long for并用其适当的形式填空1) I _ I could have a new car. 2) I _ a dictionary at the present time.3) He managed to get the book he _ finally. 4) I _ an immediate answer of yours.5) personally, our city team has better players and I _them to win6) He has been working abroad for years, and

6、is _ to come back and see his family very much.Keys: 1)wish 2) want 3) desired 4) desire/expect/want 5) expect 6)longing2). assess/access【解释】assess vt. 估定, 评定。access n. 通路, 访问, 入门【练习】选择assess或access，并用其适当的形式填空1) Damages in the great earthquake were _ at several hundred billion. 2) Only persons with

7、a permit has _to the restricted area; Keys: 1) assessed 2) access3) victory/success/conquest/triumph【解释】victory指“在战争、竞赛、斗争中获胜”, 并有“击败对方或敌人”的含义success对预期的、计划的、尝试的事物的目标达到conquest指“征服某国或某民族, 从而使之处于被支配地位的胜利或战胜”triumph指“辉煌或彻底的胜利或成功”【练习】选择victory/success/conquest或triumph并用其适当的形式填空1) They won a _ in battle

8、. 2) The general with his soldiers returned home in _ 3) After the serious bomb, they succeeded in the _ of that city. 4) The conference was a _. Keys: 1) victory 2) triumph 3) conquest 4) successIII 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. satisfaction n.满意satisfy v.使满意satisfying adj.令人满足的satisfied adj.感到满意的2. alarme

9、d adj.感到惊吓的alarm n.警报 vt. 恐吓, 警告3.declare v.断言，宣称declaration n.宣布，宣言，声明【练习】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) We had a _ meal together last Sunday. All the guests are very _.(satisfaction)2) I was sleeping soundly in the early morning when a telephone _ me awake. I was even _to hear the _ news that another bo

10、mbing had hit London.(alarm)3) What _ the women most was that when they were talking about the _ new about the girl, she became so _ that she ran away as soon as she heard this.(embarrass)4) The newly-elected president _ his support for the terrorists. He must be responsible for his_. (declare)5) He

11、 _ to his friends why he was late but none of them thought his _ believable.(explain)keys:1. satisfying; satisfied 2. alarmed; alarmed; alarming 3. embarrassed; embarrassing; embarrassed 4. declared; declaration 5. explained; explanation IV 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. desire n.渴望 vt.想要重点用法desire sth.渴望得到某

12、物desire to do sth.希望/渴望做某事desire that sb.(should) do要求have a desire for sth./to do sth.渴望得到某物/希望做某事at ones desire照某人的希望典例1) We all desire happiness and health.我们都希望幸福健康。2) Everyone has a desire for success, but no everyone desire to get rich.每个人都渴望成功，但并非人人都渴望金钱。3) He desires you to go to see him at

13、once.他要求你马上去见他。=he desires that you should go to see him at once.练习 汉译英1) 他想受到大学教育。_2) 他们要我快点回来。_3) 我请他立即回信。_4) 她要你立即见她。_5) 她应邀演奏了一曲。Keys: 1)He desired a college education. 2) They desire me to return soon. 3) I desire an immediate answer of his. 4) She desires that you (should) see her at once. 5)S

14、he played a piece at others desire/by desire.2. satisfaction n.满意重点用法satisfactory n. 满意的,satisfy v. 满足, 使满意,demand satisfaction要求赔偿;feel satisfaction at . 对感到满意find satisfaction in对.感到满意to sb.'s satisfaction (to the satisfaction of sb.)达到使某人满意的程度with satisfaction满意地典例1) At last, the whole class

15、found satisfaction in their work.最终,全班都对他们的工作感到满意。2) What he promised could not satisfy his family.他的许诺并未能使他的家人满意。练习 汉译英1) 买到想要的东西，她满意地离开了超市。_2) 他的试验结果似乎令人满意。_3) 这些条件中你至少要符合一项，否则就不能成为本俱乐部的会员。_Keys: 1) Having bought what she wanted, she left the supermarket with satisfaction. 2) The result of his tes

16、t seemed to be satisfactory. 3)If you dont satisfy at least one of the conditions, you cant become a member of our club.3. alarm n.警报 vt.使惊恐重点用法 give /raise the alarm发警报ring the alarm敲警钟sound the alarm发警报; 吹警报号take (the) alarm at对.感到吃惊; 因.而惊恐be alarmed at . 被.吓一跳典例1) We were much alarmed by the fire

17、 in the forest. 森林失火使我们大为惊慌。2) As soon as he saw the smoke, he sounded the alarm. 看见火灾爆发，他鸣响了警报。练习 汉译英1) 看到孩子们在返校时遭遇车祸的消息， 家长们感到很害怕。_2）看到大火，社区的居民发出警报。_Keys: 1) The parents took the alarm at the news that their children caught a traffic accidence when retuning the school. 2) The residents in the comm

18、unity raised the alarm when seeing the great fire. 4. sympathy n.同情重点用法feel /have sympathy for 同情某人in sympathy with同情; 赞成; 和.一致out of sympathy with对.不同情; 不赞成; 对.没有同感, 和.不一致win sympathy of博得.的同情典例1) He gave the poor child some money out of sympathy.出于同情，他给了这个穷孩子一点钱。2) He is in sympathy with their bel

19、iefs. 他与他们的信仰一致.练习 汉译英1) 听完这个故事，他对她目前的情况深感同情。_2) 通过描述他悲惨的童年，他赢得路人的同情。_Keys: 1)After hearing the story, he felt sympathy for her present situation. 2) He won the sympathy of passers-by by describing his miserable childhood.5. accompany vt.陪伴重点用法accompany sb. to a place陪伴某人去某地accompany sth. with/by st

20、h. 与同时存在典例1) He accompanied his old father to the hospital to see whats wrong with his stomach.他陪他的老父亲去医院查看胃部出了什么问题。2) Thunders accompanied by heavy rain in this season are very common.这个季节，雷鸣常常伴有大雨。练习 汉译英1) 总统出现了被六个健壮的保镖护随着。_2) 回到家乡，他的老同学们陪着他参观了这个城市。_Keys: 1)The president appeared and was accompani

21、ed by six strong bodyguards. 2) When retuning hometown, he was shown around the city accompanied by his old classmates.6. declare vt.宣布重点用法declare sth.宣布declare sb./sth. (to be) +n./adj.宣布为declare thatdeclare war on/upon对宣战declare against/for声明反对/赞成典例1) She declared that she didn't want to see h

22、im again. 她宣称她再也不愿见到他。2) Soon they will declare him the owner of the house.很快他们就会宣布他为房子的主人。3) The government passed a law that declared it illegal to catch and sell this kind of animals.政府通过法律宣布捕捉贩卖这种动物是非法的。练习 汉译英1) 那个女明星最近宣称要嫁给一个富人然后退出舞台。 _2) 公司宣布老板的儿子依法成为公司继承人。_Keys: 1) The popular actress declare

23、d recently that she would marry a rich gentleman and retire from the stage. 2) The company declared the son of the boss to be the successor by law.7. envy vt.嫉妒重点用法envy sb. sth.妒忌/羡慕某人某物become the envy of sb.成为令人嫉妒/羡慕的事物be in envy of ones success羡慕某人的成功out of envy出于嫉妒/羡慕典例1) All her workmates envied

24、 her (for) her promotion.所有的同事都羡慕她的晋升。2) His talent for music becomes the envy of the other competitors.他在音乐方面的天分让其他人对手感到羡慕。练习 汉译英1) 他们的新房子受到邻居的羡慕。_2) 出于妒忌，他作了伪证_Keys: 1)Their new house made them the envy of their neighbors. 2)He made the fault witness out of envy.V 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. test out 考验

25、；试验典例1) This model had been tested out before it was put into production.这个型号经过试验后才进行大批量生产。2) Before the lecture, the professor is used to testing out the whole experiment.上课前，这个教授习惯先将整个实验试验一番。短语归纳test on sb./sth.在(身上)做实验/试验have/take a test in 参加考试练习 汉译英1) 成千上万的人们将参加这周日的公务员考试。_2) 那个咨询顾问习惯先将新的政策在他自己的

26、公司里进行实验。_Keys: 1) Tens of thousands of people will take an entrance test for government officers this Sunday. 2) The consultant would test the new policy on his own company first.2. ring up 打电话给短语归纳ring back回电话ring off 挂断电话;停止讲话ring a bell唤醒经常是模糊的记忆ring up the curtain 开始：开始一场演出，一个事件或一次行动典例1) I have

27、to ring off now because my friend is waiting for me.我朋友在等我，我得挂电话了。2) On arriving at the airport, he rang up his mother to say everything was ok.一到达机场，他就打电话给他母亲报平安。练习 汉译英1) 今早他刚起床就有人给他打电话了。_2) 见到老板进来，他赶紧挂断电话假装在工作。_Keys: 1) The moment he got up this morning , someone rang him up. 2) Seeing his boss co

28、ming, he hurried to ring off and pretended to be working. 3. turn around 转向 典例1) He heard a voice but when he turned around, he saw nobody.他听到声音，但转身却没发现有人。2) As he walked towards the hotel, he suddenly turned around and found an old lady following him.当他朝旅馆走去时，突然转身发现一个老妇人跟着他。短语归纳turn away把(脸)转过去turn

29、 against背叛,反抗turn on/off打开/关掉turn up出现/调大(音量)turn down拒绝,调小(音量)turn out结果是;证明是;练习 汉译英1) 那年轻的女士无法想象要是她的丈夫背叛她的话会是怎么样。_2) 虽然贫穷，但是女孩毅然地拒绝了别人的帮助。_Keys: 1) The young lady cannot imagine what if her husband turns against her. 2) Though poor, the girl turned down others help firmly.4. leavealone 不打扰短语归纳leav

30、e behind留下,遗留leave aside(把某事)搁置一边leave for出发前往leave out省去,遗漏,不考虑典例1) Leave him alone and he will produce. 别打扰他，他会写出来的。2) He was asked to leave for another city in 24 hours.他被要求24小时内离开到另一个城市去。3) The teacher required us to leave out some unnecessary words in our essays.老师让我们将论文中不必要的词语省去。4) You shouldn

31、t have left Andy alone in the mountains; it was very dangerous.你不该将Andy留在山上，因为那非常危险。练习 汉译英1) 老板捐款潜逃了，只留下一间空厂房。_2) 听到警报，警察丢下家人冲出去看发生了什么事。_Keys: 1) The boss escaped with all his fortune and left an empty factory behind. 2) Hearing the alarm, the policeman left his family behind and rushed out to see w

32、hat happened.5. set aside 将放在一边;节省或保留(时间,金钱)短语归纳set down写下,记下set off开始动身(for a place)set up创立，建立，搭起set out出发，着手做某事（to do sth.）set about doing 着手做，开始做 典例1) Would you please set aside some time to listen to my real idea?你可以腾出点时间听听我的想法吗?2) The department set aside the things they were doing and concent

33、rated on a more urgent task.这个部门的成员放下手头的事情,全力以赴一项更紧急的任务.练习 汉译英1) 父亲放下报纸点了一支烟。 _2) 他努力工作省下钱给他儿子上大学。_Keys: 1) Father set aside the newspaper and lit a cigarette. 2) He is working hard to set aside some money for his son to go to college. 6. be bound to 一定做 典例1) We missed the bus. We're bound to be

34、 late.我们错过了那趟车，我们肯定要迟到了。2) She's bound to be mayor.她注定会成为市长。练习 汉译英1）他那么用功，一定会成功的。_2）这项新发现对于人类必定大有用处。_Keys: 1) With much hard work, he is bound to succeed. 2) The new discovery is bound to be of great service to mankind.VI 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. Claire didnt want the robot in her house, especiall

35、y as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldnt harm her or allow her to be harmed.克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里，特别是在她丈夫离加三周的这个期间。但是，克莱尔被拉里说服了。他说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会让别人来伤害她。解释 to be harmed：动词不定式的被动语态。典例1) All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in t

36、ime for Christmas.所有的这些礼物必须及时邮寄，以便在圣诞节及时收到。2) It remains to be seen whether Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals.吉姆最后是否适合演出仍将拭目以待。练习 汉译英1) 小汤姆假装被射中了哭喊着要糖吃。2) 此药得一日三次，饭后服用。_Keys: 1)Little Tom pretended to be shot and cried for a candy. 2) The medicine is required to be taken three times a day af

37、ter meals.2. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.当他转过身时，（她发现）Gladys站在那儿。解释 there stood Gladys Claffern倒装句。在谓语为动词go, come, run, stand, live等表示位置转移的动词及be动词的句子中,为了强调句子中一些副词there, here, up, down, in, out, away等，可将副词置于句首，若这时主语是名词，句子用全倒装；若是代词，则不用倒装。典例1) There comes the teacher and her studen

38、ts.老师和她的学生们来了。2) Out rushed the boys.男孩们冲了出去。练习 汉译英1) 年轻的母亲抱着手里两个月大的婴儿跑开了。_2) 走进来了生气的老板和他的秘书。_Keys: 1) Away ran the mother with a two-month-old baby in her arms. 2) In came the angry boss and his secretary.3. Asimov began having stories published in science fiction magazines in 1939.1939年，阿西莫夫开始在科幻杂

39、志上发表文章。解释 have sth. done 表示“请某人做某事”，或“遭遇到某事”(宾语与宾补为被动关系)have sb. do让某人做have sb./sth. doing让不停地做典例1) We had our photo taken by a passer-by.我们请了个过路人给我们照相。2) Be careful. Its easy to have your pocket picked in a crowd like this.小心点，在这样的人群中容易被偷。3) The coach has us doing the same thing all day. Its boring

40、.教练让我们整天做同样的事情，真乏味4) As you have never been there before, Ill have someone show you the way.既然你以前没去过，那我找人带你去。练习 汉译英1) 与对手角逐时，他大腿受伤了不得不放弃比赛。_2) 残忍的老板让他的工人们整天工作。_3) 班主任让班长他不在时管理班级。_Keys: 1) When struggling with the competitor, he had his leg broken and had to give up the match. 2) The cruel boss had h

41、is employees working all the morning. 3) The head teacher had the monitor manage the whole class when he was absence. 二、课文要点1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：A robot used for housework was tested 1 in a family. He looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth black hair, 2 (s

42、peak) in a deep voice. Larry was going to be away from home so he hired such a robot to 3 （陪伴）his wife Claire. Claire didnt like the idea at the beginning, but she 4 to it at last. At the first sight of Tony, Claire felt embarrassed. 5 （渐渐地） , Tony began to win Claires trust. He helped Claire realiz

43、e her dreams 6 making her home elegant, giving her a new haircut, changing the makeup she wore and giving her advice on her dresses. Therefore at the party all she guests 7 were invited were filled with admiration 8 they saw her house was completely changed. 9 the test, the company was satisfied wit

44、h Tonys report because he had successfully made a woman regain her confidence 10 fall in love with him.答案：1. out2. speaking3. accompany4. agreed5. Gradually6. by7. who8. when 9. After10. and2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用30个单词概括课文大意，再比较答案在Clair家接受测试的机器人Tony能帮上她很多忙。Clair渐渐地爱上了他因为他是如此完美的一个人。这使得这个机

45、器人不得不再重新组装。_答案：Tony, a robot which was tested out in Clairs family could helped Claire a lot. Claire gradually fell in love with Tony because he was such a perfect man, which caused the robot to be rebuilt. 3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）1.【原句】He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice although his facial expression never changed.他虽然面部表情毫无变化， 但是个子高大、相貌英俊，头发平整，声音低沉浑厚。 模仿要点 描写人物时使用多种修饰语【模仿1】她是个善良可爱的小姑娘园园的脸，大大的眼睛，雪白的牙齿，留着波浪般的长发 _答案：She is a kind and lovely girl, with a round face, big eyes, white teeth and long waving hair. 【模仿2】他是个长相很滑稽的男