第十八讲-动词不定式(共10页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 戴氏教育本课指津：不定式和动词像一对兄弟一样亲密，本不该拆开来讲，可是篇幅有限，只能让他们分开了。不定式的构成非常简单，告诉我是什么？对！是to+动词原形。当然啦，to有时也可以不带。非谓语动词之动词不定式课 标 解 读1、理解动词不定式的概念2、掌握动词不定式的基本构成3、掌握动词不定式在句子中的功能知 识 梳 理一、概念动词不定式是动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示、的形式。它被叫做不定式，是因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词形变化所局限。 不定式属于。二、构成基本构成为：to+动词原形否定形式：not+（to+）动词原形注：不定式有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定

2、式符号，本身无词义。 三、句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什

3、么运动？He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study Eng

4、lish.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。考 点 聚 焦考点一：不定式作 主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末。其结构为：It+ be + adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式如：To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well. Its important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：It's

5、very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。【典型例题】1. It's our duty _ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans2. It's hard for us _ English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It will _

6、the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.4. It's very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup. A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to考点二：不定式作 宾语有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening?

7、 你今晚想去看电影吗？在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Why not do., Why don't you do., had better（not）do., would rather do, could/would/will you please（not）do.I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。【典型例题】1. He wants _ some vegetables.A.

8、buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys 2. Don't forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep考点三：不定式作 宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the ra

9、dio. 露西让他关小收音机。 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：My mother encourages me to learn English. 我妈妈鼓励我学英语。 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： My friends were made to

10、 work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。【典型例题】1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with2. Mr. Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked

11、3. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered4. So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel5. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did考点四：不定式作 定语 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 如果是不及物动词

12、，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。【例题1】 Would you like something _? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks【例题2】I have a lot of homework _. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do【例题3】 He is not an easy man _. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with考点

13、五：不定式作 状语目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：In order to catch the early bus, she got up very early.A group of young people got together to discuss this question. She came to this city to visit her daughter.原因状语，多见于“sb. + be + adj. +to do.”结构句中。如： I feel very lucky to have him. he ran out of money to buy old

14、bikes. 结果状语，多见于“too.to”，“enough to.”结构句中。如： Im too tired to do it well. The room is big enough for three people to live in.1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns 3. I&

15、#39;m sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear 4. I'm sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled 5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend. A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets 6. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(同意转换)The hole _ _ _ _ such

16、a fat panda to go through. 7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (同意转换)The ice on the lake wasn't _ enough _ people _ _ _. 考点六：不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how等连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didn't know

17、where to go. 他不知道去哪里。【例题1】Therere so many kinds of new bikes on sale that I cant make up my mind _ to buy. A. what B. which C. how D. where 【例题2】He cant decide _ to stay or not. A. whether B. if C. either D. if he will （ ）1. My mother often tells me _so many mistakes.A. not to make B. to not make C.

18、 dont make D. not make （ ）2. The doctor asked the patient _rich food after the operation(手术). A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating （ ）3 The workers want us _ together with them. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked （ ）4. I saw him _ out of the room. A. go B. went C. is going D.

19、 goes （ ）5. He often makes his little sister _, A. cry B. crying C. cried D. to cry（ ）6. - The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. turned it off （ ）7. We agreed _ here. A. met B. meeting C. to meet D. meet （ ）8. Frank is the kind o

20、f person who people like to _. A. make friend with B. make friends of C. make friends D. make friends with（ ）9. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock A. rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest （ ）10. I need a day or two _. A. to think it over B. to think over C. of thinking （ ）11.

21、 He was too excited _. A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking （ ）12. Im hungry. Get me something _. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating （ ）13. - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change ? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going （ ）14. They wo

22、nt let his mother _him in that way. A. to treat B. treated C. treat D. treats（ ）15. Im sorry I forgot _your dictionary. Lets borrow one from Li Ming. A. to take B. taking C. to bring D. bringing （ ）16. She couldnt decide which restaurant _. A. to have lunch B. to eat C. to eat at D. eating at （ ）17.

23、 The chair looks very old, I want a new one _ . A. sit B. to sit on C. sat D. sit on （ ）18. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow ? A. this B. that C. it D. which【课后练习】根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词。 1. He was so angry that he couldnt say anything.     He was too angry

24、 _ _ anything.2. I dont know when we will have the meeting.I dont know when _ _ the meeting.3. He said he would write a letter.He said he would have a letter _ _.4. That you read English in the morning is very important.It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning.5. He was so strong that h

25、e could lift the stone. （石头）He was strong _ _ _ the stone.6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday.     His father went to Beijing _ _ his holiday.7. They got up early so that they could get there in time.They got up early _ _ _ _ there in time.8. His brother decided that he would buy the book.His brother decided _ _ the book.    9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall.He hopes _ _ the Great Wall.10.I saw him go into the