托福阅读真题集锦

1、托福阅读真题集锦（三）（总7页）-本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可-内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小-托福阅读真题集锦（三）PASSAGE 5Perhaps the most obvious way artistic creation ref Iects how peopIe I i ve i s by mi rror i ng the envi ronment the materials and technologies ava i IabIe to a culture Stone. wood, tree bark, cI ay.and sand are genera I Iy a

2、va i (able materials In addi tion, depending on the I oca Iity, other resources may be accessible: she I Is. horns, gold, copper, and s i I ver The d i fferent uses to wh i ch soc i eties put these materials are of interest to anthropologi sts who may ask, for example, why peopIe choose to use cI ay

3、 and not copper when both items are ava i IabIe Although there are no cone I us i ve answers yet, the way i n which a society views its envi ronment is sometimes apparent in its choice and use of artistic materials The use of certain meta Is, for examp Ie. may be reserved for ceremon i a I objects o

4、f spec i a I importance. Or the be I i ef i n the supernatural powers of a stone or tree may cause a scuIptor to be sens i tive to that mater i a I.to a society may to artisticaI Iy. theWhy do the artists in the artists in RomanWhat is particularly meaningfuI to anthropologist is the reaI ization th

5、at although materials avai IabIe some extent limit or infIuence what it can do materials by no means determine what is done Japanese society rake sand into patterns; and soc i ety me 11 sand to form gI ass Moreover, even when the same material is used in the same way by members of different societie

6、s. the formor style of the work var i es enormous Iy from culture to culture A society may simply choose to represent objects or phenomena that are impor tant to its popu I a tiori. An exami na tion of the art of the MiddleAges tells us something about the theological doctrine In addition of a soc i

7、 ety. the content of that cu11ure * s soc i a I strat i f i cat i on.medievaI preoccupation with to reveaI i ng the pr imary concerns society's art may a I so ref Iect the7 7 7 7 A B c D /( /( /(X /(X1. Accord i ng to the passage , gold, copper, and s i I ver are more d i ff i cuIt to hand Ie th

8、an wood and of the i r stabIe soc i a I cond i tionsof the un i que sty I istic features of the i r artava i IabIe only in spec i f i c I ocationsThe word uconclusive" in Iine 7 is cIosest in meaning to(A) definitive(B) controvers i a I(C) concurrent(D) reaIistic3. The word "apparent"

9、 in Iine 8 is cIosest in meaning to(A) attract i ve(B) logical(C) ev i dent(D) d i st i nct4. Why does the author mention the "supernatural powers of a stone or tree*' in I ine 10?(A) to show that some scuIptors avoid working with specific mater i a Is(B) to emphasize the unusuaI properties

10、 of certain materials(C) as an examp Ie of how art can be i nfIuenced by culturaI be I i efs(D) as an i I I ustrat ion of the impact of the env i ronment on re I igious be Iiefs5 The word "it" in Iine 13 refers to)/ )/ 7 7 A B c D / /(X /lextenti nfIuence6. It can be inferred that the auth

11、or mentions the Japanese and Roman societies because17 )/ X7 A B c D /i /vx /kthey i nfIuenced each other stonecommonly used by artists i n a I I soc i eties essential to create ceremonia I objectsthey used the same artistic material in very different ways7. According to the passage , a I I of the f

12、ol lowing statements about sand are true EXCEPTX)/ 7 7 7 A B c D (X /( /( zlxIt is used to create glassRoman artists mix it into thei r paints.Its use var ies from culture to culture.8.»7 7 7 K)z )/ )/ )/ X7 7 A B c D A B c D o A /(X /(X /(X /(X o/ /( /( /(X /lx 1 /(XJapanese artists use it to

13、The word "Moreover" in I ines imi I ar Iyi n add i tioncreate artistic patterns16 is cIosest in meaning toi n contrastfrequent 丨 yThe word "preoccupation" in line 20 is cIosest in meaning to i nvoIvementseparationre I ationshipargumentThe word "primary” in Iine 21 is cIosest

14、 in meaning tod i serete(B) pre I imi nary(C) idea I(D) fundamentaIPASSAGE 6Potash (the oId name for potass i um carbonate) i s one of the two a IkaI is (the other be i ng soda, sod i um carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making of glass, and from the ear IyMiddle Ages in the mak

15、ing of soap: the former being the product of heating a mi xture of a IkaI i and sand, the latter a product of a IkaI i and vegetable oil. The i r importance i n the commun i ties ofcolonial North Amer i ca need hard Iy be stressed Potash and soda are not interchangeable for a I I purposes, but for g

16、lass- or soap- making either wouId do. Soda was obtained IargeIy from the ashes of certain Med i terranean sea pI ants, potash from those of i nI and vegetat ion. Hence potash was more fami I i ar to the ear Iy European sett Iers ofthe North Amer i can continentways a potash wasAmerica, and for the

17、glassworks, theThe sett I ement at Jamestown i n Vi rginia was i n many microcosm of the economy of colonial North one of its f i rst concerns It was requi redf i rst factory i n the Br i tish co I on i es. and was produced i n suff i c i ent quantity to perm it the inclusion of potash i n the fi rs

18、t cargo shipped out of Jamestown. The second sh i p toarrive i n the sett I ement passengers experts i n potashfrom Eng I and i ncIuded among its mak i ng.The method of mak i ng potash was simple enough Logs was piled up and burned in the open, and the ashes col Iected. The ashes were pIaced i n a b

19、ar re I with ho Ies i n the bottom, and water waspoured over them. The solution dra i n i ng from the bar re I was bo i led down i n i ron kettles. The resuI ting mass was further heated to fuse the mass into what was cal led potashIn North America, potash making quickly became an adjunct to the cI

20、ear i ng of I and for agr i cuIture. for it was estimated that as much as ha If the cost of clearing I and couId be recoveredby the saIe of potash Some potash was exported from Ma i ne andNew Hampsh i re i n the seventeenth century. but the market turned out to be mainly domestic, consisting mostly

21、ofshipments from the northern to the southern colonies For despite the beginning of the trade at Jamestown and such encouragements as a ser i es of acts "to encourage the mak i ng of potash.beginning i n 1707 i n South Caro Ii na, the softwoods i n the South proved to be poor sources of the sub

22、stance1. What aspect of potash does the passage mainly d i scuss?X)/ 7 7A B c D /i /k /(XHow it was madeIts vaIue as a product for exportHow it d i ffers from other a IkaI isIts importance in colonial North Amer ica2. Al I of the fol lowing statements are true of both potash and soda EXPECT:)/ 7 )z

23、X7 A B c D /i /vx /They are a IkaI is.They are made from sea pI ants.They are used i n mak i ng soapThey phrase "the latterH i notsrIis a s k a a g)z XJ/ )z )/ A B c D/(X /(X /( /(XThey are used in making glass.4. The word "stressed" in I ine 6 is cIosest in meaning to(A) defined(B) e

24、mphas i zed(C) ad justed(D) ment i oned5. The word "interchangeabIe" in I ine 7 is cIosest in meaning to(A) conven i ent(B) ident i f i abIe(C) equivalent(D) advantageous6. It can be inferred from the passage that potash was more common than soda i n colonial NorthAmer i ca because(A) the materials needed for mak i ng soda were not read i Iy ava i IabIe(B) mak i ng potash requ i red I ess time than mak i ng soda(C) potash was better than soda for making glass and soap(D) the colonial gI assworks found soda more d i ff i cult to use7 According to paragraph 4, a I I of the fol