词类语法之形容词和副词专项讲练

1、.词类语法之形容词和副词专项讲解一: 形容词1作定语1. 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词冠词、指示代词、人称代词、数词等描绘性形容词beautiful, interesting大小、长短、上下形状年龄、新旧颜色国籍、地区、出处材料性质用处、类别名词中心词。a charming big round new black French wooden writing deskthe mans first two interesting little red French oil paintings2 定语后置A形容词短语作定语a language difficult to master, a

2、leaning tower about 180 feet highB表语形容词afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等作定语，定语后置。如a child asleep, the greatest man aliveC 修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时 eg. Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper?Delse常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。What else do you know?Eenough、nearby修饰名词

3、前置或后置，但修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。2. 作表语1系表构造。 与系动词 be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep. smell，taste，sound，turn，remain  , go, come,  stay, stand, run, prove等连用2表语形容词。常见的有以a-起首的afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive以及well , ill生病 ，fond, sorry, unable, worth, glad, sure 等注意：以a-起首的词除了作后置定语

4、外还作补语。eg. Keep the fish alive修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast / sound asleep, very much afraid3. 作状语形容词或形容词短语表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。例如：        He went to bed, cold and hungry.        Afraid of t

5、roubles，he would not accept the duty.4. 复合形容词1形容词 + 名词 + ed   kind-hearted好心的，fair-haired金发的2形容词 + 形容词   red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的3形容词 + 如今分词  good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的4副词 + 如今分词   hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的5副词 + 过去分词  hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的6名词 +

6、形容词   life-long终生的，world-famous世界出名的7名词 + 如今分词   peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的8名词 + 过去分词  snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的9数词 + 名词 + ed   four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的10数词 + 名词名词用单数  ten-year 10年的,two-man两人的二：副词1频度副词如often, always, usually, sometimes,

7、 seldom, never, rarely, frequently, occasionally等在be动词、助动词、情态动词后，行为动词前。eg.We usually go shopping once a week./ He is always ready to help others.   2. 多个副词同时出现的顺序方式副词地点副词时间副词  /  小的时间/地点大的时间/地点三：比较形容词和副词.1.   形容词ly, 有时会构成意义完全不同的副词     hard困难的hardly几乎

8、不dead死的deadly致命的late晚的lately最近fair公平的fairly相当注意：有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以 ly结尾，但它们的含义是不同的例如： l close接近地    closely仔细地，亲密地2 free免费地    freely自由地，无拘谨地3 hard努力地    hardly几乎不  4 late晚，迟    lately近来 5 most极，非

9、常    mostly主要地 6 wide广阔地，充分地    widely广泛地 7 high高    highly高度地，非常地 8 deep深，迟    deeply抽象意义的“深 9 loud大声地  loudly大声地含有喧闹的意思 10 near邻近    nearly几乎.以-ly结尾的形容词：lively、lon

10、ely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、manly、timely等。eg. × He spoke to me very friendly. He spoke to me in a very friendly way.四：比较级和最高级1.       构成 ：大部分双音节词、加后缀构成的词如slowly, useful、源于分词的形容词如tired、所有的多音节词，加more构成比较级，加the most构成最高级， 副词的最高级可省去the.请注意：作表

11、语的形容词最高级前，假如不是和别人、他物相比，常不加the.eg. We are busiest on Monday.2修饰比较级、最高级的程度词1       even / still / rathermuch / far/  a lot/ a great  deal     比较级a little/ a bitWe are working still harder now.  如今我们工作更加努力。2 数词+ 名词比较级eg. He is two in

12、ches taller than his father. 他比他爸爸高两英寸。或说He is taller than his father by two inches. She could not take a step further.  她一步也不能走了。3 比较级by far在前面，应在二者中间加“ the如: He is taller by far than his brother.  He is by far the taller of the two brothers.4 the second/ third   

13、    最高级   3. 无比较级和最高级的形容词有些形容词本身含义无程度差异,因此没有比较级和最高级常见的有：right, wrong, perfect, possible, impossible, mistaken, dead, favourite等。这些词不能被程度副词修饰，但可以被quite完全地，completely等修饰。eg. quite right/ impossible，completely dead.4. 和冠词连用the 形容词原级v复，指一类人或物the 形容词比较级，指两者中“较的的那一个，eg. the y

14、ounger of the two    a/ an 形容词比较级eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one.    a most形容词最高级“非常eg. a most beautiful city5. 相关构造1      原级比较：肯定句 as.as., 否认句not so / as.as.2      比较句： 比较级 than.或more less .than.The furni

15、ture in this shop is less beautiful than that in that shop.注意代词that的用法3      比较级 and比较级 或 more and more比较级 “越来越 richer and richer, more and more interesting4      The  more., the more.“越， 越The more you look at the picture, the better you  w

16、ill like it.5 比较级than  any other n. 单     适用于范围一致时      all other n.复       any n.单  适用于范围不一致时     He is taller than  any other student / all other students in his class.any student in

17、my class.6 倍数表达法。A is threefour, etc.times the sizeheight, length etc.of B.A is threefour, etc.times as bighigh, long, etc.as B.A is three four, etc.times biggerhigher, longer, etc.than B.用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.The new building is four times the sizethe heightof the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三

18、倍高三倍。Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。7 morethan构造，其意往往是rather than，可译为“是而不是或颠倒词序译作“与其说是，不如说是。That little girl is more tired than hungry.  那个小姑娘是累了而不是饿了。She is more a mother than a wife或She is more of a mother than a wife.

19、她是贤妻，更是良母。8 A is to B what C is to D  A和B的关系就像C和D的关系    Air is to man what water is to fish. 空气 对于人类就像水和鱼的关系。9  no more than= only  “只不过，言其少not more than=at most  “不多于，“至少，指事实。   no more than 和一样不     如单音节使用比较级形式   not moreth

20、an  不比更no less than= as much as       “多达  no fewer than= as many aseg. I have no more than five yuan in my pocket.  我口袋里的钱只不过5元。I have not more than five yuan in my pocket.  我口袋里的钱不多于5元。He is no richer than I.他和我一样穷。He is no less determined than you

21、.  他的决心不亚于你。no less determined than等于“其决心不亚于你，言其大He is not less determined than you.  他的决心不比你小。not less determined than等于“其决心不小于，无言其大或小的含义10 最高级of/ in/ among.  He is the tallest of the three/ among them/ in his class.五相关词语辨析1.very 和muchAvery修饰形容词、副词的原级；,much修饰比较级；修饰动词用much或very much ,

22、eg. I very like English.×,应改为：I like English very much.B表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child .一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly /much shocked by the news about Tom.  C已转化为形容词的如今分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / excitingDto

23、o前用much/ far ,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many    / much, too few / little前用far。 Weve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.      E还有修饰词既不用very,也不用much. eg. be well worth doing, be well above the tree2. so和suchAso that 与such tha

24、t 的区别。so +  形容词 / 副词 +  that so + 形容词 + an+ 单数可数名词 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that such + an+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that 注意： 但当little表示“小时用such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.以下so的用法是错误的：so a difficu

25、lt problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather。B some/ any/ every/ no/ each/ all/ another/ several/ few/ many/ one/ two +such+n. eg. no such word3.  be too much + n.    be much too+ adj.    be too much for sb. 对太过分了4.  cant be too +adj.= cant be +adj.+ enoug

26、h “无论都不为过   You can never be careful enough.= You can never be too careful.你越小心越好。稳固练习题1. John told me that _  nothing important have ever happened.      A. hardly               B. rarely &#

27、160;            C. nearly                     D. almost2. -Why dont you like the shirt?  -Its neck is not big for me at all. Have you got a shirt of t

28、his kind with _ neck?     A. the biggest          B. a far bigger      C. by far the biggest     D. a more bigger3. -The temperature today is 10 below zero.  -Oh, its _cold.   

29、;   A. the most           B. the more          C. most                      D. much  more4. -Do you

30、think him naughty enough? -Im afraid hes _than naughty.          A. more clever       B. clever  C. much clever  D. much more clever5. Exercise is _as any other to lose unwanted weight.     A. so

31、 useful a way   B. as a useful way  C. as useful a way     D. such a useful way6. -Whats wrong? You seem restless.    -I was reduced to paying _ price for it.  A. double the           B. double of the 

32、;   C. double                    D. double of7. _, the boys were shouting and singing.  A.      Happy and excited          &#

33、160;                B. Happily and excitedly  C. To be happy and excited                    D. To be happily and excitedly8.

34、Im glad to say that hes already finished _50% of the book in these three days.  A. no less than        B. no more than    C. not more than          D. much less than9. Ill get there by six, if_.    A.

35、 not sooner           B. no sooner        C. not more quickly     D. no quick10. The US is about the same size as China, but its population is five times _. A.      as little 

36、              B. smaller             C. as few                    D. fewer11. -Is this _book?&#

37、160;  - Yes, its _what Im after.  A. the very; just       B. the just; exactly  C. a very; just              D. the right; only12. He has given up drinking. He drinks _.    A. never aga

38、in         B. not any more    C. no more                  D. once again13. He hurried away, _to meet his old friend.     A. looking forward   B.

39、hoped             C. anxiously               D. eager14. Everything was very expensive. I didnt buy _fruit, but Ive got some _apples.   A. any; big red    

40、    B. any; red big      C. much; big red          D. some ; red big15. -Are you going to the football game?     -No, the tickets are _expensive for me.   A. very much     

41、60;  B. so much          C. far too                    D. highly16. Well have to wait a _two weeks to know the examination result.     A. other&#

42、160;               B. further             C. another                   D. more17. The little to

43、wn has now grown into a modern big city, and is _ what it used to be.  A.      twice the size than  B. two times the size as  C. twice the size as  D. twice the size of18. The living carried away the dead and the healthy helped _.   A. the

44、ill           B. the wounded    C. the brave                       D. the rich19. He likes going fishing. He usually uses a _.  &#

45、160; A. bamboo long fishing pole                  B. long bamboo fishing pole  C. pole long bamboo and fishing            D. bamboo fishing long pole20. He was the _

46、at that moment.   A. only awake person                           B. only person awake C. awake only person          

47、;                 D. person only awake21. I think his suggestion is _ bad, and that of yours is_ good.    A. fairly too; rather   B. rather too; fairly  C. fairly; rather too  D. rather

48、; fairly too22. Would you be _ to tell me he time by your watch?    A.      so kind              B. kind enough     C. enough kind          

49、  D. very kind23. The winners are _children brought up in the country.   A. almost                 B. mostly             C. most    

50、60;                 D. nearly24. The technical college education is playing an important part today and its role will be _ important.  A.      no less      

51、0;        B. no more           C. none the less           D. not more25. A few weeks spent in traveling can be just _classes in school.  A.    &#

52、160; a part of ones education useful as    B. as a useful part of ones education asC. part of ones education as useful               D. a part of ones education as useful as26. _, the thief didnt take anything valuable but my

53、 notebook.   A.      Strange it is        B. To be strange  C. Strangely enough     D. It was strange27. His attitude towards me proved _.  A. well          

54、60;        B. warmly            C. friendly                   D. nicely28. She is _than her younger sister.   A.

55、60;     less richer         B. not more rich     C. less rich                  D. not rich29. -What do you think of the plan?   &#

56、160;  -I feel _that we ought to give it up at once.       A. strong              B. stronger           C. strongly        

57、60;         D. it strong30. -Did you enjoy the movie last night?      -Yes, I didnt expect it _ wonderful.  A. more                 B. as   

58、                 C. most                      D. much31. Do you think it's a good idea to make friends with your stu

59、dents?-        , I do. I think it's a great idea.A. Really                             B. Obviously C. Actually 

60、0;                          D. Generally32.t seems that living green is          easy and affordable. A small step makes a big dif

61、ference.A. exactly         B. fortunately        C. surprisingly       D. hardly33. As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of _ energy, such as su

62、nlight, wind and water for power and fuel.A. primary      B. alternative       C. instant          D. unique34 The questionnaire takes _ ten to fifteen minutes to complete and can be used along with t

63、he assessment interview.A. mainly       B. punctually       C. approximately    D. precisely35. I can    be a teacher. Im not a very patient person.A. seldom          

64、60;         B. ever                        C. never                

65、60;      D. always36. Frank put the mediocre in the top drawer to make sure it would not be_ to the kids.A. accessible        B. relative        C. acceptable    D. sensitive37. How much

66、0;        she looked without her glasses!A. well               B. good C. best                D. better38. My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours , but it is twice_ deal .A. as        B. so     C. too       D. very39. It was a nice house, but _ too small for a fami