侵犯专利权论文：侵犯专利权赔偿计算方法研究

1、.侵犯专利权论文：侵犯专利权赔偿计算方法研究【中文摘要】专利权是发明者就其发明、实用新型和外观设计所享有的专有权利,其客体为发明、实用新型和外观设计。侵犯专利权是指未经专利权人许可而实施其专利,即被控侵权的产品或方法以字面或同等的方式体现了专利权权利要求书中所记载的技术方案。由于专利权能够带来可观的经济利益,很容易成为侵权的客体。损害赔偿是对违反法律规定侵犯他人财产所有权或者人身权的一种法律制裁方式,侵犯专利权赔偿则是指侵权人因侵犯专利权行为而对权利人造成损害时应承担补偿对方损失或大于对方损失的民事责任。随着高新技术的快速发展和专利权利意识的提高,专利纠纷案件逐年上升。为保护专利权人的合法权益

2、,鼓励发明创造,推动发明创造的应用,就必须正确处理侵犯专利权纠纷,合理确定侵犯专利权赔偿数额,平衡各方的利益。侵犯专利权赔偿数额的确定,一直以来都是司法实践中的难点问题,它不仅涉及到侵权的构成要件、归责原则,即侵权认定问题,还涉及到赔偿数额确定的原则问题、范围认定问题,以及具体计算方法的原则、选择、适用、顺序等等问题,甚至涉及专利权价值评估问题。侵犯专利权赔偿需要深入研究的问题还很多,因而,它已成了法学理论界研究的一个热点问题之一要合理、准确地确定侵犯专利权赔偿数额,就要在现有立法的基础上,结合司法政策,确定恰当的赔偿原则和范围,选择符合具体案情的计算方法。目前,已经有很多学者对侵犯专利权赔偿

3、的计算方法,从不同的角度进行了总结和研究。有些学者从理论意义上来研究,侧重于理论探讨和比较法研究,注重侵犯专利权赔偿的公平性、合理性,这些文章理论性、逻辑相对严密,但有各自为战、研究成果互相独立的倾向,这些理论虽具有一定的现实指导意义,但应用性较弱,在运用理论解决实际问题时,对实际操作、减轻法官和相关人员的计算负担、提高工作效率方面的意义很有限;也有学者和实务人员从实践角度来对侵犯专利权赔偿的计算方法进行研究,但大多是对法律条文的解释或一定程度的引中,这些学术成果相对浅显易懂,能被多数人所运用,在实际操作中具有一定的指导意义,但它们均未形成系统的、封闭的、在实践中易于操作的计算方法逻辑体系。因

4、此,研究侵犯专利权赔偿计算方法逻辑体系就显得非常有必要。本文对侵犯专利权赔偿计算方法进行研究,将遵循提出问题分析问题解决问题的写作思路,并基于以上思路,将文章分为以下五个部分：第一部分,该部分将引入上海帝好贸易有限公司诉上海嘟嘟好塑料制品厂、永康市鑫德隆五金有限公司侵犯实用新型专利权纠纷案,对该案情及审理的基本情况进行阐述,并对案件中所运用的侵犯专利权赔偿计算方法进行分析,找出该计算方法的合理之处和存在的问题,从而提出当前赔偿计算方法中存在的问题。第二部分,针对第一部分提出的关于侵犯专利权赔偿计算方法中存在的问题,这部分简要阐述TRIPS协议、美国、德国、日本等典型国家对赔偿计算方法的规定,并

5、详细介绍我国法律、司法解释和相关司法政策对赔偿计算方法的规定,对国内和国外的规定进行简要的对比分析。第三部分,论述侵犯专利权赔偿的原则和范围,其中侵犯专利权赔偿的原则包括双方认可原则、.填平原则及惩罚性原则、法定标准原则、利益衡平原则、贡献原则、损益相抵和合理扣除原则、推定原则等；赔偿范围即“实际损失”,其包括所受到的已发生的实际财产损害(即积极损害)和失去的预期可得利益(即消极损害)。这部分是第四部分的基础,为第四部分提出具体的解决方案构建侵犯专利权赔偿计算方法逻辑体系提供原则性指导,以避免提出的方案偏离合法、合理的轨道,误入无限制的圈套。第四部分,研究侵犯专利权赔偿的计算方法,并试图构建一

6、个具有一定可操作性、相对简单、易于计算、封闭性的计算方法逻辑体系。该部分以现在有的法律法规、司法解释、司法政策和民法理论为基础,通过归纳和总结现有的各种计算方法按赔偿双方协商认可的方法计算、按所受损失计算、按获得利益计算、按许可使用费的合理倍数计算、依法定赔偿计算,按顺序、分层次、分类别地把它们组织起来；然后对每种计算方法的项目、公式进行整合,把它们分别归入制定的表格中,从而简化各个计算公式,优化各个计算公式中存在的大量无序堆砌的问题,直观地表达各个计算公式,尽量做到在选择运用计算公式时一目了然地看出所需要的公式,并只要填入相应的数字,即可很便捷地、快速地计算出赔偿数额,以期能有效地提高具体赔

7、偿数额的可预见性,降低相关人员(特别是文科出身的相关人员)的工作难度,提高其工作效率。针对法定赔偿计算方法在实际应用中极为盛行的问题,第四部分将对法定赔偿计算方法进行相对深入的研究。首先,参考工伤赔偿的方法及刑法中量刑等级分级方法,将法定赔偿范围细化为七个等级,从而可根据案件纠纷的具体情况确实属于哪个等级,对限制法定赔偿的任意性具有相当的作用；其次,将影响法定赔偿数额计算的因素根据主客体情况化分为六大类,并根据各影响因素与赔偿数额的因果关系,将它们化分为三个级别,即一级、二级、三级因素,以此为基础构建法定赔偿的计算模型。关于合理开支,其包括损失利息、咨询费、制止侵权所支付的差旅费和报酬、诉讼费

8、、律师费、公证费、查阅、收集证据材料支出的费用、证据保全费、证据材料的制作、邮寄费、必要的鉴定费、调查取证费用、刊登恢复名誉的广告费和其它合理开支。合理开支计算方法简单。本文将制定一个表格,将上述各种支出直观地统计于表格中,在各个支出项目对应位置填上相应数据,然后把所有支出项目对应数据相加,即可得出合理开支的数额,方便、快捷。最后探讨赔偿计算方法的适用原则及适用顺序问题。适用原则是指在选择适用计算方法时应遵守的基本准则,具体有就高不就低原则、精算与估算相结合原则、便于计算原则三种。适用顺序是一个相对复杂的问题。就本文的研究来说,在不违反法律强制性规定的情况下,适用顺序为：按赔偿双方协商认可的方

9、法计算按所受损失计算按获得利益计算按许可使用费的合理倍数计算依法定赔偿,在每一种方法下面又有具体的计算公式,计算公式原则上按本章节排列的先后顺序适用,并可按符合赔偿计算方法适用原则的情况下灵活选择计算公式进行计算。这一部分是整篇文章的重点和灵魂。第五部分,这一部分是结论部分,根据本文所提出的计算方法逻辑体系,对本文开头引入的上海帝好贸易有限公司诉上海嘟嘟好塑料制品厂、永康市鑫德隆五金有限公司侵犯实用新型专利权纠纷案进行非常简要的再分析,并作一个简要的总结性论述。【英文摘要】A patent is the exclusive rights the inventor enjoyed because

10、 of his inventions, utility models and designs.The object is the invention, utility model and design. Patent infringement is to implement the patent without the authorization, namely, the technical program recorded in the patent claims is reflected by the product or method accused of infringement in

11、 a literal or equivalent means. Because patents can bring considerable economic benefits, it is easy to become the object of tort. Damages is a legal sanction for a violation of the law, Infringement of property rights or Personal rights. compensation for infringement of patent infringement is the p

12、erson who acts on the rights of patent infringement have caused damage to the other party and should pay compensation for loss or civil liability for losses greater than the other.With the rapid development of high technology and patent rights awareness, Patent dispute cases increased year by year.I

13、t must correctly handle patent infringement disputes, and reasonably determine the amount of compensation for infringement of patent rights to protect the legitimate interests of patent holders, encourage invention and creation, promote the application of the invention, and balance the interests of

14、all. It has been difficult problems in judicial practice and legal theory to determine the amount of patent infringement damages.lt not only involves the infringement of the constituent elements, responsibility principle-infringement identify problems, but also involves issues of principle to determ

15、ine the amount of compensation, the scope of identified problems, and the problems of specific calculation method of the principle of selection, application, order, and so on. Many problems about compensation for patent infringement issues need to be deeply studied. So it has become a hot topics in

16、legal theory study.If we want to determine reasonable and accurately amount of compensation for patent infringement, it must be on the basis of the existing legislation and combine judicial policy to determine the appropriate compensation principles and scope, and choose the calculation of the speci

17、fic case.At present, many scholars have summarized and researched on the calculation of compensation for patent infringement from different points of views. Some scholars studied the calculation method of compensation in theory, focusing on theoretical exploration and study of comparative law, focus

18、ing on fair and rationality of compensation for patent infringement, There are the tendency of dependence each other and conflicts in their research. Although these academic results has some practical significance, but the application of these theories is weak. In applying theory to solve practical

19、problems, its significance is very limited to operate in practice, to reduce judgeswork burden and the work burden of related personnel and improve the efficiency. There are also some scholars or practitioners analyze from the practical point of view, but most of them just interprete clause of the l

20、aw or the degree of extension. The academic results relatively are easy to understand and applied by most people, and there are much significance of guide in practice. But these academic results have not formatted the calculation logic system that is closed, easy to operate in practice. So it become

21、s very necessary to study the calculation logic system of compensation for patent infringement.This paper will follow the writing ideas of raising problemsanalysis problemssolving problem to study the calculation of compensation for patent infringement, and base on the above ideas, the paper will be

22、 divided into five parts.The first part, raising problems.This paper introduces the case of Shanghai Di Hao Trading Co., Ltd sueing Du Du Hao Plastic Products Factory, Xin De Long Hardware Co., Ltd for utility model patent infringement, describes the basic situation of case and trial, analyze the me

23、thod of calculating patent infringement compensation, and find the reasonable place and problems of the calculation method. From above, it will propose the problems existed in the compensation calculation method nowadays.The second part, to counter the problems on the calculation of patent infringem

24、ent compensation the first part proposed, this part will briefly describe the TRIPS Agreement, and the legal provision on compensation calculation method of the typical countries of United States, Germany, Japan, and introduce in detail the regulations in our laws, judicial interpretations and relat

25、ed justice policy, and comparatively analyses the provisions of domestic and foreign briefly.The third part, the paper will discusses the principle of compensation for patent infringement and scope. The principle of compensation for patent infringement which include the principles accepted by both s

26、ides. Filling principle and the principle of punishment, the legal standard of principle, the principle of equity interests, contribution principle, net of gains offset the losses and reasonable principle of presumption, and so on. The scope of compensation is the “actual loss”, which includes actua

27、l damage to property has occurred (ie positive damage) and the expected loss of possible benefits (ie, negative damage). This part will provide principled guidance for the concrete solutions - construction of patent infringement damages calculation logic system that the fourth brought up, in case th

28、e solutions go out of legitimate and reasonable track and get into the trap of limited. It is the foundation of the fourth part.The fourth part, to research the calculation method of compensation for patent infringement, attempt to build a operational,relatively simple and easy-to-calculated logical

29、 certain system of the calculation method.This part will base on the existing laws, regulations, judicial interpretations, judicial policy and civil law theory. By summarizing the various existing calculation methods - calculated by the two sides consultations and recognized, calculated by the loss

30、suffered, calculated by the benefits derived, calculated by the appropriate multiple of the amount of the exploitation fee, calculated by statutory damage, this part will organize them sequentially at different levels and sub-categories. Then this part will integrate the items of all the calculation

31、 method and the formulas, and take them into the tables formulated to simplify a formula, optimize the problems of piling up largely and disorderly of all the formulas, visually express the various formulas. The study will try to find out the appropriate formula when we select a formula, and we just

32、 need to input the corresponding figures that it will calculate the compensation amount conveniently and quickly, hope can improve the predictability of the specific amount of compensation, reduce the work difficulty of the associated personnel (especially the liberal arts background of the staff),

33、improve their work efficiency.For calculation of statutory compensation in the practical application in the extremely popular, the fourth part will be relatively in-depth study on the calculation of statutory damages. Firstly, comparing with the method of work compensation or sentencing classes in c

34、riminal law, refine the scope of the statutory compensation for the seven grades, so we can confirm which grades the case really belongs to according to circumstances of the case, which have considerable role to limit the arbitrary of the statutory compensation. Secondly, divide the factors which af

35、fect the calculation of statutory compensation into six main categories according to the specific circumstance of subject and object, three grades - level, level, level, according to causality of influential element and compensation fee, and base on this establish the calculation model of statutory

36、compensation.About reasonable expenses, they include Loss of interest, consulting fees, reward and travel expenses paid for to stop the infringement, Litigation costs, legal fees, notary fees, expenses for inspection and collection evidence, evidence preservation fees, costs of evidence production a

37、nd mailing, identification of the necessary fees, costs of investigation and evidence collection, costs of rehabilitation published in the advertising and the other reasonable expenses. The calculation method of reasonable expenses is simple. The paper will create a table to intuitively induce above

38、 expenses and input corresponding data in corresponding position, then sum up all the data the expenditure corresponded and calculate the data of reasonable expenses. It is convenient and quickly.Finally, we probe into the problem of the application principles and application order of the calculatio

39、n method of compensation. Application principles is the basic norms that we should obey when choice and application the calculation method, including the principles of choice the high not the low, the principle of combination of accurate calculation and estimated calculation, the principle of being

40、convenient to calculate. The application order is a complex issues. As to the paper, in the case of not against the mandatory provisions of the law, application order is the following:calculated by the two sides consultations and recognized- calculated by the loss suffered - calculated by the benefi

41、ts derived - calculated by the appropriate multiple of the amount of the exploitation fee - calculated by statutory damage. There are specific calculation formulas under every calculation method. Calculation formulas will be applied by the order the paper arranged, and we can choose the calculation formulas to calculate with goo