语法复习7：非谓语动词

1、高三英语专题复习要点回顾与精练专题 06 非谓语动词一、 【语境导入 】从括弧中选择合适的形式完成句中空白处使得语意通顺完整。Survivors of the Titanic 泰坦尼克号的幸存者The story about Titanic is ( heartbroken/ heartbreaking / to heartbreak ). Only about700 people survived the disaster, living ( to tell/ telling / to be told)their stories tonewspapers.Philip Zanni was t

2、raveling to the US in the third class. ( Sleeping / Having slept / Tosleep)in the ship, he heard a loud crash. He immediately ran to the upper deck and saw men(to lower / lowering) lifeboats. He tried to jump into one of them. But anofficer ( holding/ to hold )a gun stopped him, ( to shout/ shouting

3、 ), “Women andchildren first. ”Moments later, the officer turned away and Zanni jumped on. ( Hidden/Having hidden) under one of the seats on the boat, he was carried away.There were twenty women and three men in the boat. They rowed quickly, with people ( crying/ to be crying) for help in water. Whe

4、n they were about two miles away, they saw the Titanic sink. It wasn t until five in the morning that they saw a rescue ship (arrive/arriving/ to arrive) .While the survivors were being raised to the rescue ship, a woman begged Zanni to save her dog.( Having stayed/ Staying) with the dog for a long

5、time, she couldn t stand( leaving/ to leave) it alone.Mary Davis, a second-class passenger, was traveling to visit her sister in London. When/While sleeping on the ship, she heard the noise. ( Having told/ Having been told ) that there wasno danger, she returned to bed. A few minutes later, she was

6、told to go to the highest deck because the ship was sinking. Two men helped her ( getting / get) on a lifeboat, and she was loweredonto water in it, her body ( trembling/to tremble). In the morning, the rescue ship foundthem ( standing/ stand) on the boat and saved them.When Ms Davis died in 1987 at

7、 the age of 104, she had lived to be older than any other Titanic survivor.二【考纲解读】 非谓语动词是历年来的考查重点之一，因为它们结构复杂，功能繁多，也是考生难于掌 握的语法点， 2012 年的高考题中考查共有 33 题之多。考查重点主要有不定式的完成式、被 动式、进行式、否定结构及省略形式；不定式和分词作后置定语的区别；只能接动名词的动 词和接动名词、不定式有区别的动词的用法；动名词的被动用法及分词作为定语、状语、宾 补的用法。尤其是作状语的用法，在非谓语动词的考题中占的比例最大；其次是非谓语动词 作补语和宾语的用

8、法，也占一定的比例。不管怎么考，基本上离不开非谓语动词的基本用法， 只是题干的设置注重了句子结构的复杂化和语境化。所以做非谓语动词题不仅要理清句子的 结构，还要理解句子的意思。毋庸置疑，来年高考中，非谓语动词定是一个考查热点。考点联想】【概念图解读】考点一 ：英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分 , 而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。 如果对句子成分划分不清， 把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆 , 做题效果可想而知。 要克服这一毛 病，关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。考点二 ： 作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析，即是选择动词不定式、现在 分词还是过去分词作状语 , 不同的状语对

9、非谓语动词的要求不同。 动词不定式主要作目的、 结果和原因状语；现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语， 两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间的关系是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，虽然它的逻辑主语 也是句子的主语，但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关 系。考点三 ： 非谓语动词仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的 逻辑主语是什么，两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系，特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我 们知道，当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候，一般来说，它的

10、逻辑主语就是句子的主语， 那么，当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，则要用独立主格结构。考点四： 非谓语动词仍具有动词的特征，即可以有自己的主语（逻辑主语 ）,也可以有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。 一般情况下， 如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生 , 就用非 谓语动词的一般式或进行式 （侧重强调动作正在进行 ）；如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动 词所表示的动作之前发生，就用非谓语动词的完成式（特别强调动作发生的先后 ）。非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。考点五： 非谓语

11、动词（动词不定式或动名词）作主语主要考查其句式的转变，习惯上通 常把 it 作为形式主语放在句首，作题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。考点六： 主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况，这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻 辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为 ,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性，即是正在进 行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说，用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为 且正在进行当中，如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中，就用现在分词一般式的被动语态； 用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成 ; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生 的动作，如果是被动行为，就用动词不定式一般式的被动语

12、态。【提醒】非谓语动词的做题步骤 ：1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、 之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用 to do; 同时常用 doing 。四【基础训练】(一)根据中文提示完成下列句子。1. 发展中国家超过 10 亿的人喝不上安全水。More than 1 billion people in countries do not thi

13、nk safe water.2. 英语现在是一门国际语言，约有 7.5 亿人说英语。English is now an international language, by about 750 million people.3. 城市很拥挤，乡村却很美丽。Although the cities were , the countryside was beautiful.4. 他的确很风趣，而且当他认为我们感到厌烦时，就会给我们讲笑话。Hes really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks we re getting .5. 我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩

14、坐在角落里。When I came in, I found a strange girl in the corner.6. 我听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。I heard a huge noise from the bay.7. 到家后，他把我领进了一个宽敞、明亮、洁净的房间。home, he showed me into a large bright clean room.8. 我在夏威夷经历过好几次地震，因此没有太在意。 quite a few earthquake in Hawai already, I didn t take much notice.9. 大自然为香格里拉提供了无数的自

15、然宝藏，使得这片土地成为当地人民的幸福家园。Nature has provided Shangri-la with endless natural treasures, the land a happyhome for the local people.10. 这本书是在 1932 年由一个叫奥尔德斯 .赫胥黎的英国人写的，一问世就成了人们争相议论 的话题。in 1932 by an Englishman called Aldous Huxley, it became a subject of much discussion as soon as it first appeared.(二)根据

16、短文语境用所给动词的适当形式填空。Planning Our FutureMany people are eager (talk) about their future. They seem (make)greatdecisions.Future plans need (make)when we are old enough. Now that I m in college, I have aplan to make too. I want (be) a lawyer. For a few weeks, I ve been thinking about myplan. And some of m

17、y friends seem to be doing the same thing.Mary is my friend and she s studying computer at a university. She is happy (make)a great plan. She will work for the White House!Jack is another friend of mine. He is a teacher now. But he would like to have become a doctor. At the age of five, he was badly

18、 ill and spent several months in hospital. Then he made up his mind(become)a doctor. He wished his dream (come true) .(三 ) 选择填空：从 ABCD 中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。1. -May I have some more coffee, please?-I m sorr yb,ut there doesn t seem to be.A 1eft anyB. any leftC leaving anyDany to leave2. Carbon dioxide fro

19、m burning fuels is the most common of the so called greenhousegases.A. producingB. producedC. to be producedD. having been produced3. alone in the large house, the little boy had to learn to survive by himself.A To leaveB LeavingC LeftD. Being left4. Auckland is a most exciting city with people of m

20、any different cultures there.A liveB having livedC livedD. living5. A brilliant idea occurred to him, to his research in the lab.A. while devotingB. while devoting himselfC. while he was devotedD. while devoted6. With no central government ， the island was ruled by kings, a different region of theco

21、untry A each controllingB each controlledCeach to controlD each was controlling7. the chapter four times, I finally understood the author s theoryA ReadingB Having read CTo readD Read8. The Hotel Al Arab the first and only 7-star hotel in the world was designed in the shape ofa sail of 321 meters.A

22、was considered B considering Cbeing considered D considered9. Babrack Obama was elected the 44th president of the United States ， a new chapter in thecountry s history A opened B opens C opening D to open10. With all the novels he was interested in _, he left the library and went back to his dorm.A.

23、 borrowedB. borrowingC. to borrow D. borrow11. Time should be made good use of our lessons well.A. to learn B. learningC. learnD. learnt12. Your cousin is said a new computer programme recently, but do you know when he willfinish it?A. to designB. to be designingC. to have been designing D. to have

24、designed13. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as beyond our immediate needs.A. to be seenB. to seeC. seeing D. having seen14. I d rather read than watch television; the programs seem all the time.A. to get worse B. to be getting worseC. to h

25、ave got worseD. getting worse15. There are five pairs, but I m at a loss which to buy.A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to chooseD. for choosing16. the working efficiency ， the boss allows the employees to have a coffee break.A Improving B To improve C Having improved D Improved17. If the buildin

26、g project by the end of this month is delayed ， the construction companywill be fined.A being completedB is completedCto be completedD completed18. With a report about the accident ， I have to find some witnesses for help.A writeB writingC writtenDto write19. An air France jet is reported in the Atl

27、antic Ocean with 228 people aboard, the airlineB. to have been crashedworst disaster in its 75-year history. A. to have crashedC. having crashedD. having been crashed20. -I wonder whom you are waiting for.-The policeman the traffic accident.Adealt withBto deal withC will deal withDto be dealt with1.

28、 BBCDC 6. ABDCA11 ACBBA 16.BCDAB五【真题提能】1【. 2012 江西】Having finished her project, she was invited by the schoolA speakingB having spokenC to speak2.【 2012江西】 John has really got the job because he showed me the official letterA offeredB offeringC to offer3.【 2012 湖南】 with telescopes.A. starting 4.【201

29、2 湖南】A. to use 5.【 2012 湖南】A. being done 6.【 2012 重庆】A. consider 7.【 2012 重庆】 the future of our company.A. to be made B. being madeC. madeD. having been made8.【 2012重庆】 to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.A. Having been askedB. To askC. Having asked D. To be asked9.【 2012辽宁】 Thi

30、s machine is very easy. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate 10.【 2012 辽宁】 The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.A. to follow 11.【 2012 四川】A. finding 12.【 2012 四川】A. to wind 13.【 2012 四川】A.

31、washed 14.【 2012 四川】A. that a big 15.【 2012 陕西】A. Standing 16.【 2012 陕西】 challenge.to the new students.D to have spoken him it.B offeringCto offerD to be offeredThe lecture, at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moonB. being startedTime, correctly, is money in the bank.B. used

32、C. usingWeve had a good start, but next, more work needsB. doC. to be doneA. meetsC. to startD. to be startedD. useto achieve the final success.D. to doBefore you quit your job, how your family would feel about your decision.B. considering C. to consider D. considered We re having a meeting in half

33、an hour. The decisionat the meeting will inB. following Tom took a taxi to the airport, only his plane high up in the sky.B. to findC. being foundD. to have foundI looked up and noticed a snake its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.B. windC. windingD. woundBefore driving into the city, you are

34、required to get your car .B. wash C. washingI make $2,000 a week, 60 surely won B. a that bigC. big a thatC. followedD. followst makeD. to washdifference to me.D. that big a in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad . B. To stand C. Stood D. StandIf he takes on this work, he

35、 will have no choice butan even greaterB. meeting C. meetD. to meet17.【 2012 北京】 One learns a language by making mistakes andA. corrects B. correctC. to correct18.【 2012 北京】 with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. UsedD. To use19.【 2012 全国 II】 The old man sat in front of the te

36、levision every evening, happy _ that happened to be on.A. to watch B. watching20.【 2012 全国 II】 Tony lent me the money,A. hoping21.【 2012 北京】A. to stay22.【 2012 天津】A. leftC. watchedthem.D. correctinganythingD. to have watched d do as much for him.D. having hopedthat IB. to hopeC. hopedBirds singing i

37、s sometimes a warning to other birds away.B. stayingC. stayedD. stayHe got up late and hurried to his office, the breakfast untouched.B. to leave C. leaving D. having left23.【 2012 全国新课程】 Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ music and painting.A. having compared toC. compare to24.【 2012

38、 全国新课程】A. permitting 25.【 2012 山东】such art forms asB. comparing toD. compared toThe party will be held in the garden, weather .B. to permitC. permitted D. permitAftercompleting and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelopeA. providing26.【 2012 山东】A. to be told27.【2012 福建】Chinese fishi

39、ng boats fromB. provided C. having providedD. provideGeorge returned after the war, only that his wife had left him.B. tellingC. being toldD. toldChina recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent in the South China Sea.A. attackingB. having attackedC. being attacked D.

40、 having been attacked28.【 2012 福建】 Pressed from his parents, and that he has wasted too much time , the boy isdetermined to stop playing video games.A. realizing29.【 2012 浙江】A. remain30.【 2012 江苏】 sooner or later.D. being realized No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its bette

41、r _silent.B. be remaining C. having remainedD. to remainan important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret itB. realizedC. to realizeA. Based31.【2012 安徽】 interesting and rewarding.A. asking32.【2012 安徽】lights.A. locking33.【2011 全国 】A. rose34.【2011 全国 II】The island,A. joining B. to

42、joinB. Basing C. BaseD. To baseWhen for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it veryB. asked I rememberedC. having askedD. to be askedthe door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off theB. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked The next thing he saw was smokefrom behin

43、d the house.B. rising C. to rise D. risento the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.C. joined D. having joined35.【 2011 北京】It s important for the figuresA. to be updatedB. to have been updated36.【2011 北京 】A. to keep37.【2011 天津 】A. to carry38.【2011 天津 】A. Translating39.【 2011 上海春招 】 cleaned and po

44、lished.A. lookedregularly.C. to update D. to have updated Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired,on you feet.B. keeping C. having keptD. to have keptPassengers are permittedonly one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried into English, the s

45、entence was found to have an entirely different word order.B. Translated C. To translateD. Having translatedMike found his missing car in the street outside his house,newlyB. to lookC. lookingD. to be looking up to the house.40.【 2011 山东】Look over there there s a very long, winding pathA. leading B.

46、 leads C. led D. to lead41【. 2011 江苏 】Recently a surveyprices of the same goods in two different supermarketshas caused heated debate among citizens. A compared Bcomparing42.【 2011 福建 】Tsinghua University, figures.C comparesD being comparedin 1911, is home to a great number of outstandingA. foundB.

47、foundingC. founded D. to be founded43.【 2011 福建 】The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .A. held B. holding C. be heldD. to hold44.【 2011 安徽卷 】Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier into small pieces.A. break45.【2

48、011 浙江 】B. breakingBats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, someC. brokenD. to breaka life span of around 20years.A. having 46.【2011 浙江 】A. lose 47.【2011 浙江 】Simon made a big bamboo boxthe little sick bird till it could fly.B. kept C. keeping D. to keepan important role in a new movie, Andy has a

49、 chance to become famous.B. Offering C. OfferedD. To offerMore TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced s concern over food safety.B. raisingC. to have raisedD. having raisedMichael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himselfA. reminding B. to remind52.【 2011

50、陕西 】Claire had her luggageC. remindedD. remindan hour before her plane left.B hadC. haveD. to haveEven the best writers sometimes find themselvesfor words.B. lostC. to loseD. having lostIf they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the cityby their enthusiastic supporters.A. being

51、 cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered48. 【2011 四川 】A. keep49. 【2011 四川 】A. Offer50. 【2011 重庆 】 peopleC. to have raisedA. to raise51. 【2011 重庆 】of his own dreams.A. check B. checking C. to check 53.【 2011 陕西 】More highways have been built in China,_ travel form one place to another.

52、A. making 54.【2011 湖南】A expressing 55.【2011 湖南】A. feel 56.【2011 辽宁 】A. Gather 57.【2011 江西 】 immediately rushed home from his office.A. says B. saidD. checkedit much easier for people toD. having madeThe abilityan idea is as important as the idea itselfB expressedC to expressD to be expressedDo you w

53、ake up every morningenergetic and ready to start a new day?B. to feel C. feeling D. feltaround the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.B. To gatherOn receiving a phone callB. madeC. to makeC. Gatheringfrom his wifeC. sayingD. To be gathering she had a fall, Mr. GordenD. to say真题答案与解析】1.

54、【答案】 C【解析】不定式表目的，又因 D 选项时态错误，故选 C。2. 【答案】 B【解析】此处 offer 的逻辑主语为空格前名词 letter ，根据句意，两者语态为主动关系，且表伴 随，故选 B 。3. 【答案】 A，B( being done)D；而 time 与 use表被动【解析】 根据 last night 可知 start 已经发生， 故排除 C 、D（不定式常表将来） 一般表进行，也排除。非谓语动词的主动语态和被动语态 现在分词作定语4. 【答案】 B【解析】因为本句已有谓语动词is，且没有连词或引导词，故排除谓语形式为被动关系，所以选 B。谓语与非谓语动词 过去分词作条件

55、状语或时间状语5. 【答案】 C【解析】因为 work 与 do 为被动关系，而 need 后表被动用 -ing 的主动形式表被动含义，或用 不定式的被动形式，故选 C。谓语与非谓语动词 不定式的被动语态 作宾语 短语 need to be done。6. 【答案】 A 【解析】结合选项来分析句子结构，逗号前为时间状语从句，后面实际上是一个祈使句。由 此可知， A 选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为 A 选项。7. 【答案】 A 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空白处为后置定语，与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动关系，而 且是将要发生的动作。由此可知，表示被动和将来的 A 选项符合题意。 B 表示被动进行， C 表示被动完成， D 表示被动完成，但是不作定语。因此，正确答案为 A 选项。8. 【答案】 A 【解析】逗号前为原因状语，空白处与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，由此可排除表示主 动关系的 B 和 C 选项， D 选项常作目的和结果状语，不作原因状语，也可排除，而A 选项为现在分词完成式的被动形式，可作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、伴随状语等。因此，正 确答案为 A 选项。9. 【答案】