初三句子成分种类结构

1、Sentences in English句子成分、句子种类和结构review lesson by Vera Wang句子成分 概述：组成句子的各个部分即句子成分。 句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语等。 必需部分：主语、谓语 必要部分：宾语、表语、补足语辅助部分：修饰语（定语、状语等）主语 subject 主语是句中动作、行为、性质或状态的主体，是一个句子谈论的主题。 主语担当：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词（短语）、从句等。u A horse runs much faster than a cow.uWe wish him success.uTwo-thirds of

2、 the workers in the factory are women.uTo drink a cup of cold juice in such hot weather is a great pleasure.uSwimming alone in the river is very dangerous.uWhat we cant get seems better than what we have.谓语predicate 谓语用来说明主语的行为、动作或所处的状态。 谓语由动词充当。 谓语的中心词有人称、数和时态的变化。uThe little child cried when he saw

3、 his toy gone.(简单谓语)uI can play basketball.（复合谓语）uI may be late,so dont wait for me.（复合谓语）宾语object 宾语表示动作、行为的对象。 宾语担当：名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式或起名词作用的其它成分充当。 宾语分为：单宾语、双宾语（直接+间接）、复合宾语（宾语+补足语）uHe promised to help me.uI will get the computer repaired tomorrow.uI found it strange that she was absent for two week

4、s.(it 形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的从句)表语predicative 表语用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等。 一般与系动词一起构成系表结构作复合谓语 表语担当：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等。uMy new deskmate is an American boy.uMy work is to clean the room every day.uThe machine must be out of order.定语attribute 用来描述名词或代词的修饰语 分为：前置定语、后置定语u I had a good time in the park.uDo you h

5、ave anything to drink?uThe person who stands at the gate is my mother.状语adverbial 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子 表示：时间、地点、程度、原因、目的、结果等 状语担当：副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）、分词短语、从句等uI will meet her at the airport at 9 oclock tomorrow morning.uThe old building are pulled down because a new road will be built here.uHe spoke so fa

6、st that I couldnt hear clearly what he said.补足语complement 有些动词除需要宾语外，还需要宾语补足语，句子意义才能完整。 含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动句时，宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。 补足语担当：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等。u We must keep the classroom clean.uMother made him stay at home.uHe was made to stay at home by his mother.同位语appositive 对句子中某一成分作进一步的解释、说明，与前面的名词在语法

7、上处于同等地位 常置于被说明的词之后 担当：名词、代词、数词、从句等uThis is my new friend, Tom.uWe each have a cellphone now.uThe news that he died shocked us.独立成分independent element 在句子中插入一个词或短语，这个词或短语并不和句子的其它成分发生语法关系，而是一种独立成分。 包括：称呼语，感叹语，插入语等。uHurry up,friends,or well be late.uThis is all we have got, you see.uWell, here we are a

8、t last!句子种类 英语句子按照使用目的和交际功能划分陈述句（declarative sentence）疑问句（interrogative sentence）祈使句（imperative sentence）感叹句（exclamatory sentence）There be 句型和倒装句疑问句 interrogative sentence一般疑问句Are they from China?Can you swim in the pool?Did you write this letter?特殊疑问句(what, who, whose, which, where, when, how, why.

9、 )选择疑问句 Are you a doctor or lawer?反义疑问句 John is kind, isnt he?感叹句exclamatory sentence What a fine day! What a kind person you are! What interesting books! how times flies! how clever a boy he is!There be 句型 there be 句型表示一种存在关系，通常带有一个地点状语。 t h e r e b e 句 中 中 的 谓 语 动 词 除 b e 之 外 ， 还 可 以 用live,lie,exi

10、st,stand,remain,go ,come等表示“存在”意义不及物动词。 there be 句型用于各种时态uThere was/were.uThere will/is going to be.uThere have/has been.e.g. Long long ago,there lived a king.倒装句so,neither/nor 引导的倒装结构：这种句型用于说明前句所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物。 Linda likes this novel.So do I. She can hardly drive a car.Neither can I.“only+状语”位于句首

11、时，句子需要部分倒装。 Only in this way can you lose weight. Only by working hard can we succeed.副词位于句首时，句子需要全部倒装。在地点副词here,there和方位副词in,out,down,up,away等引导的句子中，当主语时名词时，句子全部倒装。 Here comes the bus! Out went the children.句子结构Sentence structure（1）简单句（simple sentence）（2）并列句 (complex sentence)（3）复合句 (compound compl

12、ex sentence)简单句simple sentence简单句的五种结构 主语+谓语 主语+谓语+宾语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 主语+系动词+表语并列句 complex sentence含有两个或多个相互并列的主谓结构的句子叫作并列句。并列连词：and, or, but,either.or., neither.nor., not only.but also.e.g. I am a studend and he also is a student. I am in Grade 8 but he is in Grade 9. Tom knocked at the door and it opened. You can stay here, or you can leave. 复合句 compound complex sentencel 由一个主句和一个以上的从句构成的句子叫作复合句。l 主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，仅用作主句中的一个成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等。例如：u 主句+宾语从句 Parents shouldnt give their children w