Enhancing renewable and sustainable energy development based on an optionsbased policy evaluation f

1、Opportunity, embeddedness, endogenous resources, and performance of technology ventures in Taiwan's incubation centers  Original Research ArticleTechnovation, Volume 29, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 35-44Yan-Ru Li, Yiche Chen Show preview  |   Related articles&

2、#160; |  Related reference work articles     Purchase$ 31.5089Industry placement, authentic experience and the development of venturing and technology self-efficacy  Original Research ArticleTechnovation, Volume 29, Issue 11, November 2009, Pages 738-752W

3、illiam A. Lucas, Sarah Y. Cooper, Tony Ward, Frank Cave Show preview  |   Related articles  |  Related reference work articles     Purchase$ 31.5090Holocene mammals of Libya: A biogeographical, historical and archaeozoological approach

4、  Original Research ArticleJournal of Arid Environments, Volume 74, Issue 7, July 2010, Pages 794-805M. Masseti Show preview  |   Related articles  |  Related reference work articles     Purchase$ 31.5091Gender inequality in

5、earnings in industrialized East Asia  Original Research ArticleSocial Science Research, Volume 40, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 1-14Chin-fen Chang, Paula England Close preview  |   Related articles  |  Related reference work articles  

6、   AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractUsing data from the 2006 Family Module of the East Asian Social Survey, we use regression-based methods to decompose the sex gap in hourly wages in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. We find that Taiwan has the

7、smallest sex gap in wages, and is also distinctive in that employed women have more education than men, on average. Japan is distinctive in the high proportion of women consigned to non-regular (temporary, often part-time) jobs, and this factor explains much more of the gap in Japan than elsewhere.

8、Korea is distinctive in having an extremely high proportion of men who are college graduates; therefore, in Korea gender differences in education and occupational placement explain more of the gap than elsewhere. Despite many historical similarities between these societies, our analysis points out t

9、he heterogeneity within industrialized East Asia when it comes to gender inequality.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Explaining the sex wage gap: past research and theory 2.1. Approaches to studying the sex gap in pay and its explanations2.2. Past studies of determinants of the sex gap in pay in Jap

10、an, Korea, and Taiwan3. Data and methods 3.1. Data3.2. Variables3.3. Regression models and decomposition4. Results 4.1. Comparing the pay gap across East Asian Societies4.2. The role of education in the sex gap in wage rates4.3. The role of employment status and potential experience in the sex gap i

11、n wages4.4. The role of occupational segregation in the sex gap in wages4.5. How much of the wage gap is explained by supply-side sex differences?5. Conclusion 5.1. Limitations5.2. Summary and implicationsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 31.5092Changes in the technology spillover structure due to

12、 economic paradigm shifts: A driver of the economic revival in Japan's material industry beyond the year 2000  Original Research ArticleTechnovation, Volume 29, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 5-22Masahiro Nakagawa, Chihiro Watanabe, Charla Griffy-Brown Close preview  |

13、0;  Related articles  |  Related reference work articles     AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractInnovation is believed to be a driver of the economy in the 21st century. Above all, innovation in services and dev

14、ices are essential to a post-information society. Importantly, materials continue to play a significant role in innovation, particularly in incorporating new functions in new devices. Now, Japan's economy is starting a significant recovery from the “lost decade”. Therefore, it is an appropriate

15、time to review and elucidate the dynamics of material innovation before, during and after this time in order to better understand the process of innovation throughout this economic paradigm shift. In the context of innovation and economic paradigm, compound semiconductor materials lend themselves to

16、 understanding the dynamics involved because they play a critical role in introducing new functions and subsequently innovation to information communication technology. In this paper, patent applications filed by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., the world's largest firm of compound semiconduc

17、tor material were investigated. Its patent applications for compound semiconductor substrates from 1980 to 2004 were examined in detail. Through this analysis, the following relationship between technology spillover and economic paradigm shift can be observed. In an industrial society, intra-technol

18、ogy spillover successfully led innovation. In contrast, in an information society, opportunities for both intra- and inter-technology spillovers decreased, partly because of economic stagnation, but also because of organizational inertia in business strategy. However, in a post-information society,

19、simultaneously with the renewal of national science and technology policy and reformation of business management, inter-technology spillover emerged across industries, and the economy revived.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Hypotheses3. Empirical analysis 3.1. Patent applications on compound semico

20、nductors3.2. Technology spillovers in the 1980s: NB-type semiconductor materials3.3. Technology spillovers in the 1990s: NB-type and WB-type semiconductor materials3.4. Technology spillovers in the early 2000s: WB-type semiconductor materials4. Discussion5. ConclusionAppendix A. Business sectors in

21、SEI Ltd.Appendix B. Estimation of technology stock by business sectorReferencesPurchase$ 31.5093Gondwana to Asia: Plate tectonics, paleogeography and the biological connectivity of the Indian sub-continent from the Middle Jurassic through latest Eocene (16635 Ma)  Original Research Ar

22、ticleEarth-Science Reviews, Volume 88, Issues 3-4, June 2008, Pages 145-166Jason R. Ali, Jonathan C. Aitchison Close preview  |   Related articles  |  Related reference work articles     AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables

23、| ReferencesReferences AbstractUsing the most up-to-the-date information available, we present a considerably revised plate tectonic and paleogeographic model for the Indian Ocean bordering continents, from Gondwana's Middle Jurassic break-up through to India's collision with Asia in the mid

24、dle Cenozoic. The landmass framework is then used to explore the sometimes complex and occasionally counter-intuitive patterns that have been observed in the fossil and extant biological records of India, Madagascar, Africa and eastern Eurasia, as well those of the more distal continents. Although t

25、he paleogeographic model confirms the traditional view that India became progressively more isolated from the major landmasses during the Cretaceous and Paleocene, it is likely that at various times minor physiographic features (principally ocean islands) provided causeways and/or stepping-stone tra

26、ils along which land animals could have migrated to/from the sub-continent. Aside from a likely link (albeit broken by several marine gaps) to Africa for much of this time (it is notable, that the present-day/recent biota of Madagascar indicates that the ancestors of five land-mammal orders, plus ba

27、ts, crossed the > 400-km-wide Mozambique Channel at different times in the Cenozoic), it is possible that the Kerguelen Plateau connected India and AustraliaAntarctica in the mid-Cretaceous (approximately 11590 Ma). Later, the SeychellesMascarene Plateau and nearby elevated sea-floor ar

28、eas could have allowed faunas to pass between southern India and Madagascar in the Late Cretaceous, from around 8565 Ma, with an early Cenozoic extension to this path forming as a result of the Reunion hot-spot trace islands growing on the ocean floor to the SSW of India. The modelling also sug

29、gests that India's northward passage towards Asia, with eventual collision at 35 Ma, involved the NE corner of the sub-continent making a glancing contact with Sumatra, followed by Burma from  57 Ma (late Paleocene) onwards, a scenario which is compatible with the fossil record in

30、dicating that IndiaAsia faunal exchanges began occurring at about this time. Finally, we contend that a number of biologically-based direct terrestrial migration routes that have been proposed for last 15 m.y. of the Cretaceous (Asia to India; Antarctica to Madagascar and/or India) can probably

31、 be dismissed because the marine barriers, likely varying from > 1000 up to 2500 km, were simply too wide.Article Outline1. Introduction2. India's biological connectivity in the Cretaceous and Paleogene: conflicting views of the biogeographers3. New information regarding the plate t

32、ectonic model for India, Neotethys and the Indian Ocean4. 13285 Ma position of IndiaMadagascarSeychelles relative to Africa5. Possible role of ocean volcano chains and plateaus6. Nature of Neotethys: insights following seismic tomography studies of the mantle beneath the Indian OceanSouth Asia

33、region and geological investigations of the IndiaAsia suture zone7. Shape and size of India prior to its collision with Asia8. Motion history of India following its break-up with Madagascar 8590 Ma9. Position of Eurasia in the Late Cretaceousearly Cenozoic10. Timing of collision between India a

34、nd the Tibet part of Asia11. Possibility of continental slivers east of India, north of Australia in the Cretaceous12. Global and sub-regional sea level considerations13. Revised paleogeographic model 13.1. Gondwana break-up and dispersal13.2. Arrival of India at Asia14. Discussion15. ConclusionsAck

35、nowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 41.9594Review and assessment of select US space security technology proposals  Original Research ArticleSpace Policy, Volume 24, Issue 4, November 2008, Pages 208-223Lars Rose Close preview  |   Related articles  | &#

36、160;Related reference work articles     AbstractAbstract | ReferencesReferences AbstractThis paper reports on the feasibility of research and development related to select US military space weapons technology development plans. The proposals are presented in an international cont

37、ext where the USA is likely not alone in having aspirations to space warfare technology. China, Russia and France, among others, are just as likely to develop novel space weapons technology, with the concept of militarized outer space gradually being replaced by that of weaponized outer space. Howev

38、er, since the US programs have received more attention and were arguably in more advanced states of planning, if not development, this article will focus on US national security space management and organization proposals, investigating five key technology projects that have been pursued by the US g

39、overnment. These systems will be described in relation to the technical issues, engineering difficulties and physical limits involved. If appropriate, their implications will be linked to the political impact of these US plans and the likely reactions of the rest of the world, as other countries may

40、 answer the perceived threat inherent in the mere development of space weapons by emulating or outpacing US space militarization plans. While the USA arguably has more advanced weapons technology expertise, it will be shown that other countries have already deployed low-tech weapons in space applica

41、tions, with less media attention.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Military space planes 2.1. Conclusionsmilitary space planes3. Ceramic rods 3.1. Conclusionsceramic rods4. Space lasers and laser blimps 4.1. Conclusionsspace lasers and laser blimps5. Radio waves 5.1. Conclusionsradio waves6. Satellit

42、es 6.1. Conclusionssatellites7. Overall conclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 19.9595Variability of East Asia dust events and their long-term trend  Original Research ArticleAtmospheric Environment, Volume 42, Issue 13, April 2008, Pages 3156-3165Xin Wang, Jianping Huang, Mingxia

43、Ji, Kaz Higuchi Close preview  |   Related articles  |  Related reference work articles     AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractIn order to examine the decadal variations of the dust events ov

44、er East Asia, we analyze surface observations from 701 meteorological stations for the period 19602004 to obtain spatial and temporal distributions of dust events. Since the Taklamakan Desert in western China and the Gobi Desert in Inner Mongolia are the two major sources of dust storms, we have def

45、ined two dust indices, one for the Taklamakan Desert Index (TDI) and one for the Gobi Desert Index (GDI), to characterize the statistical nature of the dust events over these two regions. Both of these indices are well correlated with the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) Absorbing Aerosol Ind

46、ex (AAI). TDI and GDI time series exhibit a decreasing trend since the mid-1980s, and is likely caused by an enhanced geopotential height over the Mongolian plateau and the middle Siberian region, as well as by an anomalous shift in the phase and intensity of the stationary wave over.Article Outline

47、1. Introduction2. Data3. Spatial distribution characteristics of dust events4. Definition of dust indices5. Variability and long-term trend6. Conclusions and discussionAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 35.9596Mantle dynamics beneath East Asia constrained by Sr, Nd, Pb and Hf isotopic systematics o

48、f ultramafic xenoliths and their host basalts from Hannuoba, North China  Original Research ArticleChemical Geology, Volume 248, Issues 1-2, 15 February 2008, Pages 40-61Sung Hi Choi, Samuel B. Mukasa, Xin-Hua Zhou, Xiangyang Helena Xian, Alexandre V. Andronikov Close preview 

49、60;|   Related articles  |  Related reference work articles     AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractWe have determined the Sr, Nd, Pb and Hf isotopic compositions of clinopyroxene separated from mantle-deriv

50、ed ultramafic xenoliths (six spinel peridotites, two composite Cr-diopside pyroxenites, and one discrete Al-augite pyroxenite) hosted by Cenozoic alkali basalts at Hannuoba, North China, in order to understand the nature of the mantle source for this intraplate volcanism, and the petrologic history

51、of the mantle lithosphere beneath North China Block, a crustal segment of the Sino-Korean Craton. Measured Sr, Nd, Pb and Hf isotopic compositions in the clinopyroxene grains separated from spinel peridotite and Cr-diopside pyroxenite (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70265 to 0.70485; 206Pb/204Pb =

52、0;17.75 to 19.15; Nd = 0 to + 11; Hf = + 10 to + 38) display mixing hyperbolas between mantle compositional end members DMM and EMII on the SrPb and NdPb isotope correlation diagrams. This is distinctly different from the host basalt data which show a mixture of DM

53、M and EMI components on the diagrams. We interpret this to reflect infiltration by metasomatic agents, possibly silicate melts, having an EMII-like isotopic signature, which enriched a precursor time-integrated depleted mantle. An Al-augite pyroxenite, also hosted by these basalts, is characterized

54、by highly enriched Sr, Nd, and Hf isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70733; Nd =  16; Hf =  18) with only moderately radiogenic Pb that has a 206Pb/204Pb value of 18.23. All of these data plot outside (1) the fields for oceanic basalts, and (2) the mixing ar

55、rays defined on the isotopic correlation diagrams by peridotites/Cr-diopside pyroxenite with their metasomatic agents, and by the host basalt. These observations suggest that (1) Al-augite pyroxenite is not cogenetic with the Cr-diopside pyroxenite, (2) parental melts of the pyroxenites are not like

56、ly to be the source for the metasomatism, and (3) the thermo/mechanically reactivated pyroxenite and/or spinel peridotite, is not likely to be the source for host basalt magmatism. The Cenozoic intraplate volcanism, therefore, must have originated in the asthenosphere. We observe that the relatively

57、 little-metasomatized Hannuoba peridotites define a LuHf isochron of 2587 ± 86 Ma (2). This value is, within error, indistinguishable from the SmNd isochron age of the overlying granulite terrain. We suggest, therefore, that the LuHf system can be used to constrain the timing of

58、lithospheric mantle differentiation. Preservation of the Neoarchean mantle lithosphere beneath Hannuoba, despite the protracted tectono-magmatic reactivation during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic in this area, suggests that complete removal of the lithospheric mantle beneath East Asia by wholesale delami

59、nation is unlikely.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Geological setting and petrography of the xenoliths studied3. Analytical methods4. Results and interpretations 4.1. Whole-rock chemistry4.2. Rare earth element pattern of clinopyroxenes4.3. Sr, Nd, Pb and Hf isotopic compositions5. Discussion 5.1.

60、Mantle source for the host basalt volcanism5.2. Nature of the metasomatizing agents5.3. The Neoarchean LuHf isochron age for the Hannuoba peridotites5.4. Petrogenetic relationships between the Hannuoba pyroxenites and Late Mesozoic magmatism in Northern China6. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesP

61、urchase$ 41.9597Technological innovations and industry clustering in the bicycle industry in Taiwan  Original Research ArticleTechnology in Society, Volume 31, Issue 3, August 2009, Pages 207-217Yu-Shan Chen, Ming-Ji James Lin, Ching-Hsun Chang, Fang-Mei Liu Close preview  |   Related articles  |