一轮复习外研版选修八Module 5The Conquest of the Universe单元学案27页word版

1、2019届一轮复习外研版选修八Module 5The Conquest of the Universe单元学案一单元基础词汇句式全练一、写其形1.leap n. 飞跃，跳跃2.accustomed adj. 习惯的3.assume v. 假定，假设 4.patience n. 耐心 5.advanced adj. 高级的，先进的 6.depend v. 依靠；取决于7.view v. 看，观察 8.acknowledge v. 承认；认为 9.accuse v. 指责10.sorrow n. 悲伤；悲痛11.relief n. 安慰；宽慰 12.aid n. 帮助 13.broad adj.

2、丰富的；广泛的14.devotion n. 忠诚 15.consult v. 咨询；请教 16.impact n. 影响，作用 二、知其意1.joint adj. 共同的；联合的2.Mars n. 火星3.Jupiter n. 木星4.Aldebaran n. 毕宿五，金牛座中的红色巨星5.probe n. 宇宙探测器，航天探测器6.Saturn n. 土星 7.shuttle n. 航天飞机8.historic adj. 历史性的，有重大历史意义的9.tune v. 收看(电视)；收听(广播) 10.witness v. 目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历11.burst v. 爆炸12.planet

3、 n. 行星13.ultraviolet adj. 紫外线的14.Phoebe 土卫九15.Titan 土卫六(土星卫星中最大的一颗)16.decade n. 十年17.random adj. 任意的；随机的18.backwards adv. 向后地；倒退地19.deed n. 行为20.knight n. 骑士，武士21.tension n. 紧张关系22.autonomous adj. 自治的；有自治权的23.defeat n. 失败24.authority n. 权力；权威25.swear v. 起誓保证26.avenge v. 替报仇，报复27.latter n. (刚提及的两个人或物

4、之中的)后一个，第二个 28.grasp n. 控制29.glory n. 光荣；荣誉30.division n. 部分31.airspace n. (某个国家的)领空32.motherland n. 祖国33.abstract adj. 抽象的34.foresee v. 预知；预见35.destiny n. 命运；天命36.sympathy n. 同情；同情心mitment n. 忠诚；奉献38.ought modal v. 应当；应该39.consistent adj. 一致的；吻合的40.faith n. 宗教信仰41.rational adj. 理智的；合理的42.dignity n.

5、 尊贵；尊严43.pray v. 祷告；祈祷44.holy adj. (有关)上帝的；神圣的45.acute adj. 剧烈的；激烈的46.stable adj. 稳定的；安定的47.human being 人48.supreme adj. 最高超的；最优的49.scholar n. (文或英)学生50.whilst conj.while 当的时候；同时51.arguably adv. 有争议地52.dramatic adj. 给人深刻印象的；戏剧性的 53.invasion n. 入侵54.alien n. 外星人55.observation n. 观察；监视56.inescapable a

6、dj. 不可避免的57.assumption n. 假定，假设58.vanguard n. 先头部队59.underway adj. 在进行中的60.hysteria n. 歇斯底里61.newsflash n. 新闻快讯62.mounting adj. 越来越强烈的63.deliberately adv. 蓄意地，故意地1.in spite of 不管2.at the very beginning of 在一开始的时候3.a series of 一系列的；一连串的4.accuse sb of sth 指责/控告某人某事5.pray for 祈望；祈求6.be similar to 与相似的7

7、.set in motion 使某事开始8.make it 成功；准时到达9.set out 开始做；着手进行；陈述10.get/be accustomed to sth/doing sth 习惯于1.By the time the Challenger took off in 1986, the world seemed to have lost its fear and wonder at the amazing achievement of people going up into space.到1986年“挑战者”号起飞，当世界人民得知人类进入太空这一巨大的成就时，他们似乎已不再害怕与

8、震惊了。2.An ordinary teacher, Christa McAuliffe, 37, who was married with two children, was to be the first civilian in space.一位37岁的普通教师克里斯塔麦奥里菲将要成为第一位进入太空的普通公民，她已经结婚并有两个孩子。3.The world was in shockmaybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.全世界都震惊了也许他们原本

9、都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没有什么危险。4.Incredible as it may seem, both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that those strange beings who landed in the New Jersey farmlands tonight are the vanguard of an invading army from the planet Mars.尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉

10、眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想，那就是今晚降落在新泽西农场的怪物就是来自火星入侵部队的先导。二 单元综合知识运用检测.阅读理解AMost buildings are built to stand up straight, but these look as if they might fall over!The church tower of SuurhusenBuilt in 1450, the 27metrehigh church tower lies in Suurhusen, Germany. It was built in wet land on foundations of

11、 oak tree trunks (树干). When the land was drained (排水) later, the wood broke down, causing one side of the tower to be a little lower than the other. In 1975, the tower became a real hazard and people were not allowed to enter until the foundations were made strong again. The lean (倾斜) of the tower i

12、s now about five degrees.The Leaning Tower of PisaThe work of building the tower began in 1173, and was finally completed in 1372. In fact, it began to lean after just a couple of floors were built. And this condition continued in the centuries after its completion. The tower was finally closed to t

13、he public in 1990 after people failed to stabilize (使稳固) its foundations. In 2019, it was reopened after engineers removed soil from underneath its raised side. Now it leans just an angle of 3.97 degrees.Capital Gate of Abu DhabiCompleted in 2019, the Capital Gate tower in Abu Dhabi was designed to

14、lean eighteen degrees. The building stands next to the Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre and contains, among other things, a fine hotel with wonderful views of the harbour. Also known as the leaning tower of Abu Dhabi, the tower is one of the tallest buildings in the city.Big Ben of LondonThe bui

15、lding leans 0.26 degrees to the northwest. This was mainly caused by the engineering projects (项目) that have been carried out in the ground below it since the late 1800s. The tower, which has been continuously open since it was completed in 1858, has nowhere near the lean of the Tower of Pisa and is

16、 still completely safe to enter.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四座闻名世界的斜塔。1The underlined word “hazard” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_”AdangerBchurchCcastle Dtreasure解析：选A词义猜测题。由该词后的“people were not allowed to enter until the foundations were made strong again”可知，塔由于倾斜变得危险了，所以不允许人们进去了，故选A项。2What can we learn

17、 about the Leaning Tower of Pisa?AIt didnt lean until ten years after its completion.BIt took almost two hundred years to complete.CIt was built on foundations of oak tree trunks.DIt has been open since it was completed.解析：选B细节理解题。由第三段中的“The work of building the tower began in 1173, and was finally

18、completed in 1372.”可知，建成比萨斜塔用了将近200年的时间，故选B项。3Which of the following towers leans the most according to the text?AThe church tower of Suurhusen.BThe Leaning Tower of Pisa.CCapital Gate of Abu Dhabi.DBig Ben of London.解析：选C细节理解题。由第二段中的“five degrees”，第三段中的“3.97 degrees”，第四段中的“eighteen degrees”和最后一段中的“

19、0.26 degrees”可知，C项为正确答案。BFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life. In many emergencies, first aid may prevent a victims condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be admi

20、nistered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make a difference.Firstaid measures depend upon the victims needs and the providers level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving

21、a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的) injury and paralysis (瘫痪)Despite the variety of injuries, several principles of first aid can apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured

22、that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking people around or the injured persons family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes

23、 (糖尿病) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether lifethreate

24、ning conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victims condition is known as the acronym (首字母缩略词) ABC, which stands for：AAirway: Is it open and clear?BBreathing: Is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.CCirculation: Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check

25、skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是急救的重要性以及如何实施急救。4.First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT _.Asaving a victims lifeBpreventing a victims condition from getting worseCrelieving a victim from painDhelping a person avoi

26、d sudden illness or injury解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It may save . provide relief from pain.”可知A、B、C三项的内容均为急救的作用。再根据对急救的描述可知，急救不能避免突发的疾病或伤害。5Before we offer first aid to a victim, it is very important for us to _.Amake sure what to do and what not to doBrefer to all kinds of handbooks on first aidCremove th

27、e medical card he/she may takeDtake him/her to a hospital at once解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Knowing what not to do . knowing what to do.”可知A项正确。6When giving first aid to a victim, you should first of all _.Aremove him/her from the accident sceneBturn him/her overCcall for professional medical helpDexamine h

28、im/her carefully解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句话“The first step is to call for professional medical help.”可知，首先是寻找专业的医疗帮助，故选C。7You may assess a victims condition by all the following EXCEPT _.Achecking whether there is a pulseBlooking, listening and feeling for breathingCmeasuring his/her blood pressureDexamin

29、ing whether the airway is open and clear解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知A、B、D三项均表述正确，而C项没有提及，故应选C。CSometimes very odd things show up in ordinary places. In the 1800s, a strange sight began to be reported by farmers. Then in the 1970s, this strange event began to happen more and more often. People traveled f

30、or miles to stand in the fields and take photos of something they couldnt easily explain. What were they looking at? It was the crop circles large and complex (复杂的) designs set into the middle of ordinary farm fields. No one could understand how these huge designs were made.Crop circles are found mo

31、st often in fields of wheat, corn, or rice. They are usually created overnight, although some are reported to have appeared during the day. They have been seen all around the world, in more than 70 different countries. Scientists have found that the plants inside a crop circle are drier than the one

32、s outside it. The plant stems (茎) are bent and not broken in most crop circles, and sometimes the soil in the design has more iron than the soil outside of the design. Unfortunately, these facts alone do not help scientists answer their questions about crop circles. These facts only make them more m

33、ysterious.Some people believe crop circles are made by UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) landing in farm fields. Others think aliens (外星人) are leaving us messages in the beautiful designs. Still others believe Earth energy under the ground makes plants bend over in designs. Some people say they act

34、ually made the crop circles with special equipment. Scientists have found some crop circles that are certainly made by people, but they are usually a little different from other crop circles. So who makes crop circles and why they make them cant be explained to this very day.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麦田怪

35、圈的相关知识。8What does the underlined word “odd” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?ABig. BBad.CUnreal. DUnusual.解析：选D词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“a strange sight, something they couldnt easily explain”以及“No one could understand how”可知，这些提示信息均指向一些人们无法理解的不寻常的事情。9Its generally thought that crop circles _.Aare made during the n

36、ightBhappen in the same placesCare found in terrible placesDhave very frightening designs解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They are usually created overnight”可知，人们普遍认为麦田怪圈是一夜之间形成的。10Which of the following have the scientists proved?ASome crop circles are manmade.BUFOs help create some crop circles.CThere actually

37、are crop circles made by aliens.DEarth energy is one reason for crop circles appearance.解析：选A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Scientists have found some crop circles that are certainly made by people”可知，科学家已经证实有一些麦田怪圈是有人蓄意为之。11What is the best title for the text?AThe History of Crop CirclesBDifferent Designs of Crop

38、CirclesCCrop Circles: The Unsolved MysteryDCrop Circles: The Great Influence on Farms解析：选C标题归纳题。文章第一段点出“No one could understand how these huge designs were made”，最后一段中的“who makes crop circles and why they make them cant be explained to this very day”再次点明文章的主题，即：麦田怪圈一直是个不解之谜。故C项作标题概括了文章主旨。DAre you at

39、 least 17 years old? Do you weigh more than 110 pounds? Do you consider yourself fairly healthy?If you answered yes to all of these questions, you should be donating (捐赠) blood every two months. In my survey of my schoolmates, I found that only 50 percent of them have ever donated blood and that onl

40、y 1 out of 13 of them donate regularly. The lack (缺少) of blood donors is a serious problem that requires immediate action.According to the American Red Cross Web pages, in the United States alone someone receives a blood transfusion (输血) once every three seconds. People who benefit from donations in

41、clude cancer patients as well as babies. The need for blood never takes a vacation and neither should donors.Let me tell you about Brooke, a threeyearold girl with cancer. Brooke has spent about half of her life in the hospital receiving treatments. Her treatment will require about 500 units of bloo

42、d in total, of which only 250 units have been replaced. She still needs the other half of the total amount to continue her treatment. If she doesnt receive this blood, she will not live to start kindergarten.Examples like Brookes are becoming all too common these days, with only 1 in 20 Americans do

43、nating blood and this number keeps dropping each year. These facts are extremely worrying considering that nearly half of us here will need blood sometime in our lives.You can now see the seriousness of the problem with the lack of blood donations. Fortunately, it is a problem that can be easily sol

44、ved. Each and every one of you can be part of the solution. All you have to do is go to the nearest Red Cross and donate your blood.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中论述了义务献血的紧迫性。12How does the author explain the problem mentioned in Paragraph 2?ABy answering questions.BBy making comparisons.CBy presenting research

45、 findings.DBy describing his own experiences.解析：选C写作手法题。根据第二段中的“In my survey of my schoolmates, I found that .”可知，作者在第二段主要是通过陈述自己的研究发现来解释说明献血者少这一问题。13What can we learn from the American Red Cross Web pages?AThe suffering of patients.BThe strong need for blood.CThe efforts of the Red Cross.DThe benef

46、its of taking vacations.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“in the United States alone someone receives a blood transfusion (输血) once every three seconds”和“The need for blood never takes a vacation”不难看出市场对血液的强烈需求。14The threeyearold girl Brooke _.Adoesnt get fair treatment in the hospitalBwill need another 250 units

47、of bloodCstays alive by receiving blood dailyDcant wait to start kindergarten解析：选B细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Her treatment will require about 500 units of blood in total, of which only 250 units have been replaced. She still needs the other half of the total amount to continue her treatment.”可知，Brooke还需要250单位的血液

48、。15What is the purpose of the text?ATo persuade people to donate blood.BTo present some new medical results.CTo call on people to save a little girl.DTo explain the risks of blood donation.解析：选A写作目的题。通读全文可知，本文的目的是劝说人们义务献血。.阅读七选五Cats in ancient EgyptMany of us love cats. They are beautiful, soft, cle

49、ver and loving. The ancient Egyptians (埃及人) considered cats, also known as Mau, to be very important. They honored them with great respect (尊敬). _1_ For one thing, cats helped people by keeping their homes free of mice, rats, and snakes.Without cats Egypt could not have been the important graingrowi

50、ng (谷物种植) center that it was. _2_ Though I dont know what other pets the Egyptians had, cats were probably the most important. Cats were also trained to help hunters (猎人). _3_The Egyptians loved cats so much that Bast, an Egyptian goddess, was pictured in the form of a cat. Bast appeared in artwork.

51、 She was the protector of the house. This idea made a special connection between cats and children. _4_The safety of all cats was of great concern to ancient Egyptians. _5_ Foreigners sometimes took cats out of Egypt secretly and took them to other lands. They traded them for treasures in these land

52、s. Egyptian soldiers were sent to pick up cats found in other countries and bring them back home to Egypt.AThere were good reasons for that.BTwo types of cats appeared in ancient Egypt.CIn grain fields, cats helped catch rats and mice.DThey were able to help pick up the wounded birds.EThere were eve

53、n laws against getting a cat out of Egypt.FAnyone who killed a cat on purpose would be put to death.GThats why most Egyptian families had cats for good luck.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫在古埃及人生活中的重要地位。1选A由下文的“For one thing, cats helped . and snakes, Without cats Egypt . center that it was.”和“Cats were also

54、trained to help hunters (猎人)”可知，作者对古埃及人喜爱猫的原因进行了分析，故选A项。2选C由该空前的“Without cats Egypt . center that it was.”可知，要是没有猫来帮助消灭老鼠的话，古埃及不可能成为重要的谷物种植中心，故选C项。3选D由该空前的“Cats were also trained to help hunters (猎人)”可知，D项内容符合此处语境。4选G由该段所讲述的守护神Bast可知，在古埃及很多家庭都饲养猫以求好运，故选G项。5选E由该空后的“Foreigners sometimes took cats out

55、of Egypt secretly”和“Egyptian soldiers . bring them back home to Egypt.”可知，应该有法律规定不许将猫带出埃及，故选E项。.完形填空In 1994 I was in the midst of a depression(抑郁症). When I was depressed, I _1_.One day I was clearing up the rooms and found a CD covered with _2_. I wiped it off, put it in the _3_ and started washing

56、dishes. A mans voice, reading poetry, _4_ my house. The sound of the speakers voice and the words of the poems reached something deep inside me. I stopped and _5_.I began to take poems into my _6_， not simply reading them, but developing rich relationships with the _7_. I learned many by heart. They became my therapy (疗法) and _8_.Those poems made me wiser and healthier._9_， in the fall of 2019, poetry _10_ me in a way I had never expected. I had put all my _11_ in a small, local fund (基金). Two months later, the leader of the fund left