清华在线-2013GCT英语精讲语法

1、2013年GCT英语语法北京精讲班一、语法讲解二、考点解析三、重点项目四、实训演练安静20130629语法讲解1、时态：英语有九种基本时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去完成进行时。1）一般现在时一般现在时主要强调事实、经常发生的动作或存在的状态。动词be 除第一人称单数用am，第三人称单数用is外，其余一律用are。动词have 除第三人称单数用has外，其余一律用have。行为动词（实义动词）除第三人称单数外，其余一概与动词原形同形。动词第三人称单数加s的方法：一般直接在词尾加s: swims, like

2、s, wants以s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾的词，在词尾加es: washes, teaches, goes以辅音字母+y结尾的词，先将y变i再加es: studies, flies句子中常出现频度副词always（总是），often（经常），usually（通常），sometimes（有时），seldom（很少），every day（每天），once a week（每周一次）等。2） 现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。构成：be(am/is/are)+动词-ing动词-ing叫做现在分词，其构成如下：（1） 一般在动词原形末尾加-ing: going, asking

3、, looking（2） 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e再加-ing: writing, closing, taking（3） 以“元音字母+辅音字母”的重读音节结尾的动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing: getting, running, swimming, beginning3） 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last night, in 1999, two weeks ago等。表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often, always等表示频度的副词连用。规则动词过去式的构成如下：（1） 在动词原形末

4、尾+ed: looklooked, playplayed（2） 结尾是e的动词+d: livelived, hopehoped（3） 结尾是“元音字母+辅音字母”的重读音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再+ed: stopstopped, triptripped（4） 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变y为i，再+ed: studystudied, carrycarried不规则动词要逐一记忆，可参考不规则动词表。4） 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某一时间的动作或状态，常与tomorrow, next week, from now on, in the future等连用。由助动词shall（第一人

5、称）/will（第二、三人称）+动词原形构成。美国英语则不管什么人称，一律用will。“be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事：We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我们要开会。一些动词（go，come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay等）的进行时态可表示近期的计划和打算：I'm leaving for Beijing.我要去北京。“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见：Are we to go on with this work? 我们继续干吗？“be abou

6、t to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语：We are about to leave.我们马上就走。5）现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时表示到现在为止以前发生的动作或情况，强调其结果对现在的影响基本构成形式为：has/have+过去分词。常和完成时连用的副词和短语：already, yet, just, ever, never, up to now, so far, before today, these days, in the past two years, for two weeks, for a long time, since 1980, sinc

7、e we began to learn Englishfor和since的区别（1）for用于过去的一段时间（动词必须是可以延续的）He has been there for six months. （2）since用于过去的一个确切的时间：since +一段时间ago；since一个时间点；since从句。He has stayed here since 3 hours ago.He has stayed here since 3 oclock.He has been interested in collecting coins since he was a child.（3）already

8、用于肯定句中；yet用于否定句和疑问句中。He has already visited many places in China. The train hasn't arrived yet.Has she arrived yet? （4）“have been to”（去过） 和“have gone to”（去了）He has gone to Beijing.（He is there or is on his way there.）He has been to Shanghai. （He was there once, but he is not there now.）（5）短暂性动词通

9、常不能和表示一段的时间状语连用。如：错：He has died for 3 years.正：He has been dead for 3 years.正：He died 3 years ago.错：How long have you borrowed it?正：How long have you kept it?现在完成时与一般过去时的区别（1）现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，而一般过去时不强调过去的动作与现在的关系。I have lost my pen.（强调我现在没有笔）I lost my pen.（过去笔掉了，没说明现在是否有笔）（2）现在完成时不可和表过去的时间状语连用，

10、但一般过去时可和表过去的时间状语，如yesterday, last week, three days ago, just now等连用。6） 现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时的构成：has/have + been +过去分词。 表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作，该动作可能仍然在进行。-How long have you been skating? -Ive been skating since nine oclock. 在强调动作延续时间的长久时，用现在完成进行时更多一些。试比较：I've been writing an article.（还在写）我一直在写文章。I'

11、ve written an article.（已完成）我已经写过一篇文章。7） 过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情。由would加动词原形构成.。过去将来时常用在宾语从句中。He told me he would call me tomorrow.The teacher wanted to know when you would finish your homework.8）过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。过去进行时由was（第一、三人称单数）和were（其余人称和数）加现在分词所构成。过去进行时往往须用特定的时间状语来表示。The boy wa

12、s walking down the street when the UFO landed.The girl was shopping when the alien got out.9） 过去完成时过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作，就是“过去的过去”。由助动词had+动词的过去分词构成。可表达一个一直延续到过去某一时间的动作。可用在间接引语中，以表示直接引语中的现在完成时态。注意：过去完成时是一个相对的时间概念，它并不能独立地存在，它表示的是在某个特定的过去时间以前所发生的事，离开这个特定的过去时间，就不存在过去完成时，因此不能把它理解为“很早以前的事”。掌握好过去完成时

13、的关键是要特别注意句中动词与动词之间，动词与时间状语之间的先后关系。10）过去完成进行时2. 语态：1）英语的语态分为主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)2）语态(voice)和时态(tense)同为动词的两种最基本形式。时态表示动词发生时间，而语态用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。3）主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。4）构成：be+及物动词的过去分词。5）以allow为例，具体形式见下表：一般时态进行时态完成时态现在amis allowedareamis being allowedarehas been allowedhav

14、e过去was allowedwerewas being allowedwerehad been allowed将来shall be allowedwillshall have been allowedwill英语语法专项过关之一：时态和语态1. The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the serviceA. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated 2When he the door, he found his keys we

15、re nowhere.A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open 3 -Why does the Lake smell terrible?-Because large quantities of water .A. have polluted B. is being pollutedC. has been polluted D. have been polluted 4. According to the literary review, Shakespeare his charities live through their la

16、nguage in his plays.A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes 5Would you please keep silent? The weather report _I want to listen.A. is broadcast B. is being broadcastC. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast 6. The food here is nice enough. My friend _ me a right place.A. introduces B. intr

17、oduced C. had introduced D. was introducing 7. At present, one of the apartments in favor of the new airport _ that it will going a lot jobs to the area.A. is B. are C. will be D. were 8. - What is the price of petrol these days-Oh, it _ sharply since last month.A. is raised B. has risen C. has aris

18、en D. is increased 9. -Do you want a lift home?-Its very kind of you, but I have a much late in the office. I overslept this morning because my morning clock _.A. doesnt go off B. wont gone C. wasnt going off D. didnt go on 10. This is the first time that I a film in the cinema together as a family.

19、 A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen11. Mary went to the box office at lunch time, but all the tickets _out. A. would sell B. had sold C. have sold D. was selling12 What do you think of the movie? Its fantastic. The only pity is that I _ the beginning of it.A missed B. had missedC. missD. would m

20、iss13. Ive got to go now. Must you? I_you could stay for dinner with us.A. think      B. thought C. have thought     D. am thinking14. Progress so far very good and we are sure that the

21、 work will be finished on time. A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be 15.- Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? - Sorry.        .A. It' s repaired              &

22、#160;          B. It has been repairedC. It's being repaired                    D. It had been repaired真题：2010. By the end of this term, the girl the basic rules

23、 of dinner party conversation.A. will have learned B. will learn C. have learned D. are learning2009. Coffee has been a favorite drink for centuries, _the time when we were drinking it strong and black, without sugar. A. during B. for C. before D. since2007. When we arrived at the airport, we were t

24、old our flight_ . A. cancelled B. had cancelled C. has been cancelled D. had been cancelled2006. It _ commonplace to think of sport as a “leisure industry” now.A. became B. will become C. is becoming D. had become2005. More thunderstorms _ in summer than any other time of the year.A. happened B. hav

25、e happened C. happen D. will happen2004. People do not always recall events as they _ actually. A. are happening B. will happen C. happened D. would happen3、主谓一致 谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。staff, crew, people, police, cattle 复数The police are invest

26、igating the accident.1. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been2. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer. A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to真题：201

27、0. Making energy use completely harmless to the environment very difficult and usually economically expensive.A. are B. is C. have been D. shall be2008 . A virus, often too small to be seen except with a powerful microscope, _ diseases. A. cause B. is caused C. causes D. is causing英语语法专项过关之二：主谓一致1.

28、Alice, together with two boys,_ for having broken the rule.A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished2. The League secretary and the monitor_ asked to attend the meeting this afternoon.A.is B.was C.are D.is being3. The great writer and professor_.A. is an old man B. are both old

29、menC. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese4. There _ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk. A.are B.is C.has D.have5. A large number of students in our class_ girls. A. are B. was C. is D. be6. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses _ much if people leave things as t

30、hey are. A. doesn' t change B.don't change C.change D.changed7. The Arabian Nights _ well known to the English.A. is B. are C. was D. were8. Chairman Mao' s works _ published.A. has been B.have been C.was D.is9. A chemical works_ built there.A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has be

31、en10. The Olympic Games _ held every _ years.A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five11 .The United States of America one ofthe most developed countries in the world.A.is B.are C.was D.were12.He is the only one of the students who _ elected.A. are B.have C.has D.is13.There is one of the most intere

32、sting questions that _ asked.A.have B.has C. have been D.has been14. Many a man _ come to help us. A.have B.has C.is D.are15."All_ present and all_ going on well," our monitor said.A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are16. The police _ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a th

33、eatre.A. is searching for B. were searching forC. are searching for D. were searching17.Your trousers_ dirty.You must have_ washed.A.is; is B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them18. This pair of trousers _ too long for him.A.is B.be C.are D.were19. Eight times eight _ sixty - four.A.is B.are C.get D.equal20.

34、 When and where to build the new factory _ yetA. has not decided B. is not decidedC. are not decided D. have not decided4. 比较级与最高级 一般在词尾加-er或-est;以辅音字母+-y结尾的，改-y为-i再加-er或-est;以e字母结尾的，直接加-r或-st;重读闭音节词要双写词尾的辅音字母再加-er或-est;多音节词和部分双音节词是在词前直接加more或most;不规则变化good - better - bestwell - better - bestbad - w

35、orse - worstill -worse - worstold -older/elder-oldest/eldestmuch/many-more-mostlittle-less-leastfar-farther/further-farthest/furthest考点：倍数 比较英语语法专项过关之三：形容词副词原级、比较级、最高级1. How beautiful she sings! I have never heard_. A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the better voice D. a better voice2. As far a

36、s I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you lean,_ A. the more for life are you equippedB. the more equipped for life you areC. the more life you are equipped forD. you are equipped the more for life3. His son studies much better than _ student in his class. A. any B. any other C.

37、 the other D. other4. This year the farmers have produced twice _ grain_ they did last year. A.as less; as B. fewer; than C. as much; as D. as many; as5. Is the novel similar _ yours? A. for B. at C. as D. to6. Rather than _ to see the film he would prefer _ stay at home. A. go; to B. to go C. went;

38、 to D. would go真题：2009. By 2050 the world will have about 2 billion people aged over 60，three times _today. A. as much as B. as that of C. as many as D. as those of2007. The coat Im wearing now cost about _of that one hung over there.A. twice price B. the twice price C. twice the price D. the price

39、twice.5. 定语从句修饰某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句，被修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句的引导词叫关系词（关系代词或关系副词）。定语从句放在先行词之后。当先行词是人时，通常用who引导。I love singers who write their own music.I like musicians who play different kinds of music.当先行词是物时，通常用that引导。Rosa likes music thats quiet and gentle.We prefer music that has great lyrics.当先行词是地点时，通常用where引

40、导。I like places where the weather is always warm.英语语法专项过关之四：定语从句1. A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing. A. how B. whomC. when D. which2. Many children， parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. A. their B. who

41、seC. of them D. with whom3. What do you think of teacher ,Bob？ I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting .A. where B. which C. when D. that4. Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D.

42、 where5I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. A. which B. of which C. that D. whose6. The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which7. She brought wit

43、h her three friends, none of I had ever met before. A. them B. whoC. whom D. these8. Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that9. Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D

44、. into which10. Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when11. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever12 I travel to the Binhai New Area by lig

45、ht railway every day, _ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. A. as B. which C. when D. though13I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. whichB. whereC. how D. why14. Life is like a long race _we compete with

46、0;others to go beyond ourselves. A. why       B. what C. that      D. where15. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it6、名词性从句(1)主语从句that, whether, who, whom, whose,

47、what, which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoeverWhether he will be able to come remains a question. That China is a great socialist country is well known.It is well known that China is a great socialist country.What he found surprised me greatly. Whoever is finished may rest. (2)表语从句as if， as t

48、hough。The question is whether he is able to do it alone. It looks as if (though) it is going to snow.He is absent. Thats because he is ill. He is ill. Thats why he is absent. The reason why he is absent is that he is ill. （3）宾语从句在复合句中，作及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语的句子称为宾语从句。陈述句变成的宾语从句由连词that引导，that本身无意义，不做句子的任何成

49、分。在口语和非正式文体中常被省略。一般疑问句变成的宾语从句由连词if/whether引导, 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。特殊疑问句变成的宾语从句由疑问词(who, whom, whose, what, which, why, when, where, how)引导, 从句语序：疑问词主语谓语其他成分(陈述语序)。后面常接that引导的宾语从句的动词有：think, hope, say, tell, know, see, hear, mean, agree, feel等。后面常接宾语从句的形容词有：sure, glad, pleased, happy, afraid等。主句的动词如果是现在时态，宾语

50、从句中动词可以根据实际情况用不同的时态。 主句的动词是一般过去时态，宾语从句的动词应该使用过去相应的某种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时等）。（4）同位语从句就是在句中作同位语的从句。它通常有放在thought, idea, news, word(=news), plan, doubt, question, fact, suggestion, belief等抽象名词的后面，说明这些词的具体内容或含义。同位语从句大多由that引导，也可由whether, how, when, where, why等引导，但不能由which引导。The idea that the earth

51、is round is not a new one. He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. I have no idea when he will set out.The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheeps clothing.英语语法专项过关之五：名词性从句1. a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project. A. It has B.

52、 They haveC. It remains D. There remains2She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever3. The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though4. Cou

53、ld I speak to is in charge of International Sales please? A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever5. The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever6. One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public health.A. what B. this C. t

54、hat D. which7. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions. A. what B. which C. that D. how8. News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. A. which B. what C. that D. where9. It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future. A.