人教版新目标八年级上第一单元知识点讲解及练习

1、Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?  语言功能：谈论过去的事件 重点词汇：try, wonder, dislike, wonderful, bored, were，was, stayed，visited，arrived, went, bought, ate, saw, felt，walk，discuss，expensive，cheap, interesting, boring, exciting, terrible, friendly, special, delici

2、ous, rainy，sunny, hot, wet, go on vacation, stay at home，decide to do sth. quite a few.重点短语：quite a few 相当多，不少 stay at home 呆在家 of course 当然 go shopping去购物 feel like 给的感觉，感受到 seem to be 好像 because of 因为 decide to do sth.决定做某事 go on vacation去度假 ride bicycles骑自行车 go to su

3、mmer camp 去夏令营 enough money足够的钱 study for tests为考试学习 the top of the hill 山顶重点句型：Where did you go on vacation?   We went to New York.  Did you go to Central Park?    Yes，I did. How 

4、was the weather?    It was sunny.  语言结构：一般过去时：肯定句：谓语动词用过去式  否定句：助动词did not+动词原形（did not可缩写为didnt）  疑问句：助动词did+主语+动词原形语法1. 不定代词，不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词，常用不定代词有：something某事， somebody某人， someone某人， anything/某事，任何事， anybody某人/任何人， anyone某人/任何人， nothing没有

5、东西， nobody没有人， no one没有人， everything每一件事， everybody每人， everyone每人。all所有的，each每个，both两者都，much许多，many许多，（a）little少许，（a）few很少得，other（s）其他的（其他人），another另一个，none没有，one一，either两者中的一个， neither两者都不。someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something, nothing等复合不定代词作主语，谓语用单数；either, neither, each, little, much 等不定代

6、词作主语时，谓语也用单数。如：Nothing is yet certain. 一切都还没有肯定。Neither was satisfactory. 两者都不使人满意。No one goes to the school during the vacation. 假期时没人到学校去。一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要放在不定代词之后。There is nothing wrong with the radio.Do you have anything to say? Id like something to eat.Eg. Have you bought _for Lindas birthday?-Not

7、 exactly. Just some flowers.A. something unusual B. anything unusual C. unusual something D. unusual anything巩固练习I'm so thirsty. Shall we get_to drink?I dont think_knows her new address.There's _in the new cupboard. It's empty now. _is too difficult if you put your heart into it.I think

8、you can find him _in the school.Could you tell_different between the two pictures?Please help yourself to_soup.something ,anyone, nothing, Nothing ,nowhere somewhere anything, some一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last night，in 1990，two days ago。一般过去

9、时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often，always等表示频率的时间状语连用。基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；否定形式： was/were+not; 在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词；一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他1 Be 动词的一般过去时态.在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词， am, is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.构成：肯定句：主语+was (were) +表语. 如：I was late yesterday. （昨天我迟到了。）否定句：主语+was (were) +not+表语，如：We weren't late y

10、esterday. （我们昨天没有迟到）疑问句：Was (Were) +主语+表语，如：Were you a student? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语Why was he late for school last Monday？ 上星期一他为什么迟到？2实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词did.否定句：主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+宾语I did my homework yesterday.I didnt do my ho

11、mework yesterday.(否定句)Did  you  do  your  homework  yesterday？Yes, I did.   /No, I didnt.(一般疑问句)3情态动词的一般过去时：肯定句式：主语 + 情态动词 + 其它否定句式：主语 + 情态动词 + not + 其它. 一般疑问句：情态动词 + 主语 + 其它？ 注：情态动词的过去式：cancould , maymight , mustmust ，will-would，should-should。 

12、 特殊疑问句式： 特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他What could she do twenty years ago？ 20年前她能做什么？ 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1 Mr. Mott is out. But he _ here a few minutes ago.A. was B. is C. will be D. would be2-Hi, Tom.-Hello, Fancy. I _ you were here.A. don't know B. won't think C. think D. didn't know动词过去式

13、的变化规则1一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加ed，如：work worked looklooked2以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加d：live lived hopehoped useused3以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed：study studied carrycarried worryworried4以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed：stop stopped planplanned重读闭音节体现形式为辅-元-辅结构，5不规则变化的动词过去式：have-had有 are-were是 get-got得到 say-said说 feel-felt感觉 do/does-did做 is-w

14、as 是 go-went去 drinkdrank喝 eatate吃 bring-brought带来 think-thought想,认为 buy-bought 买 catchcaught抓住 teachtaught教 sit-sat坐 wear-wore穿 cut-cut切割 sweep-swept打扫 sleepslept睡觉 become-became成为一般过去时练习题，.请用正确动词形式填空1. He     (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat      

15、   (eat) a bird last night.3. We       (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy       (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I         (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They   &#

16、160;      (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother         (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls         (dance) at the party last night.9.  I      

17、   (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week. 10. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 按要求变换句型。 1. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）  _ Frank _ an interesting book about history?2. He cleaned his room just now. （划线提问） What_ he _ just no

18、w?3. Thomas spent $10 on this book. （否定句）   Thomas _ _ $10 on this book. 4. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问）    _ _ _ family _ last week? Go on vacation,去度假；on vacation, 在度假（表状态）summer vacation 暑假 winter vacation寒假Haikou is a beautiful city. Let s _ _

19、_ there.My parents are _ _ in Hawaii.some 一些，某些，某个，any一些，任何some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，some常用在肯定句中，而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此 some和any 的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中A：Are there any apples in the fridge?B: Yes, there are some./ No, there arent any.A: Is there any water in the bottle?B: Yes, there is some water./ N

20、o, there isnt any water.Eg. He asked me for _paper, but I didnt have _.A. some; some B. any; some C. some; any D. any; any但在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any。如：Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡? Many, much, a lot of 许多much 只能修饰不可数名词 many 只能修饰可数名词复数 A lot of =lots of 接可数名词时谓语用复数，接不可数名词时，谓语用单

21、数。 a lot是副词性短语，修饰动词。比如：Thanks a lot.= Thanks very much. 再比如：I know him a lot。 Few 和 a few, little 和 a little. few, a few是修饰可数名词复数的, little, a little是修饰不可数名词的。a few, a little意思是有一些，表肯定意味，few, little，意思是很少，几乎没有表否定意味。He has _ friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。 There are _ eggs in the basket.篮

22、子里有几个鸡蛋。There is _ ink in my bottle, can you give me _ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？Decide决定，下决心decide to do sth. 决定做某事, 相当于make up ones mind to do sth. decide的名词形式为decision. decide to do sth 的否定形式是decided not to do sth. decide+名词： I cant decide the date of the meeting.我决定不了这次会议的日期。decide to do sth： He

23、decides to go to Hong Kang on vacation.他决定去香港度假。decide+疑问词+to do： They cant decide whom to invite.他们不能决定该邀请谁。decide+宾语从句： We decided that we would not go to the party tonight.Eg. Goldilocks decided to _for a walk in the forest.A. go B. to go C. going D. goestry,尝试，努力，试图try to do sth. 尽力做某事; try not

24、to do sth. 尽力不去做某事try doing sth. 试着做某事；try on 试穿(接名词时，名词放在on 前后都可以，接代词时，代词须放在try 和 on 之间。She is trying to draw a horse.她正努力画一匹马。You should try taking more exercise.你应该试着多运动.Ill try y best to help you.我会尽力帮助你。This skirt is very nice. Would you like to try it on? 这条裙子很漂亮，你想试一下吗？What a difference a day

25、 makes! 多么不同的一天啊！由what引导的感叹句，What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！What a beautiful girl she is! 她是一个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！What important jobs they have done!Eg. _wonderful concert they are putting on in the city square!A. How B. What C. What a D. What an Enough，足够的修饰名词时， enough放前, 如enough money ,enough time修饰形容词或副词时，enough放

26、后面，如good enough, happy enough,well enoughEg.I dont know him _to ask him for help.A. good enough B. enough good C. enough well D. well enoughDid everyone have a good time?大家都玩得很开心吗？have a good time = enjoy oneself = have fun 玩得开心 （+ doing）eg: We had a good time visiting the the Great Wall. = We enjoy

27、ed ourselves visiting the the Great Wall.= We had fun visiting the the Great Wall.I really enjoyed walking around the town. 我真的很喜欢在镇上到处走走。 （P5）enjoy及物动词，意为“喜爱；欣赏；享受的乐趣”，其后接名词，代词或动名词作宾语。 a. Do you enjoy your job? 你喜欢你的工作吗？ b. I enjoy reading books. 我喜欢读书。(enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事) 拓展： enjoy oneself =hav

28、e a good time = have fun 玩得开心 （+ doing sth.） Bored无聊的，无趣的, 常用来形容人，boring形容物。bored 用于形容人，一般用作表语。如I am bored.boring用于形容物，意思是令人厌烦的，乏味的。如 it is a boring day! 类似用法的词还有：interested对感兴趣，修饰人,interesting有趣的，修饰物; excited感到兴奋的，激动的”,一般修饰某人. exciting“令人兴奋的，使人激动的”,一般修饰某物,; surprised感到惊讶的，一般修饰人, surprising令人惊讶

29、的，一般修饰物。I am interested in English. 我对英语感兴趣。This book is very interesting.这本书很有趣。Feel like 感觉像，给人的感觉像是.，摸起来像1. 后接名词Do you feel like a rest? 你想休息一下吗?The material feels like velvet. 这料子摸起来像丝绒。2. 后接代词Well go for a walk if you feel like it. 你愿意的话，咱们就去散散步。3.后接动名词I feel like&

30、#160;catching a cold. 我像是感冒了。4.后接句子 I feel like I want to cry. 我觉得我想哭。Wait,等待wait for ,等待，如 I'll wait for you. 我会等你的.cant wait,等不及，如We can't wait to get started. 我们迫不及待地想要开始了。Wait a minute, wait a moment. 等一会儿；稍等一下I want to talk to you, but it can wait. 我想和你谈谈，但可以等会儿

31、再说。Because和because of 因为because是连词，其后接原因状语从句或回答以why开头的问句； 而because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。 如 (1)_he is ill, he is absent today. (2)He is not at school_his illness. (3)He cant come_the heavy rain. (4)We like physics_we can learn a lot of ideas. 感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel可当系动词，后接形容词，形成系表结构。He looks angry.   他看起来很生气。His explanation sounds reasonable.  他的解释听起来合