非谓语动词梳理及练习

1、非谓语动词梳理非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式，包括动词不定式、动词的 ing形式和动词的ed形式。它不受人称和数的限制，但有时态和语态的变化，主动被动之分。在选择时，要注意逻辑上的一致原则，即：非谓语动 词的主语和主句句子的主语是否一致。如不一致则需要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语构成独立结构。动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形”。他没有人称和数的变化，在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。动词的ed形式，可以在句中做表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。动词的ing形式，可以在句中做主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语。考点一、非谓语动词作定语动词的ed形式作定语【咼考衔接】Five

2、people won the “ China 'Gseen Figure "award, a title to ordinary people their contributions toen viro nmen tal protecti on.A. being give nB. is give nC. give nD. was give n解析：动词give与所修饰词title之间关系是被动关系，所以用过去分词做定语，选C。小结：动词的ed形式作定语时，通常与先行词之间是被动关系，表示已完成的动作。动词的ing形式作定语【高考衔接】The wild flowers look

3、ed like a soft orange blanketthe desert.A. coveri ngB. coveredC. coverD. to cover解析：cover与a soft orange blanket之间关系是主动进行关系，所以选 A。小结：动词的ing形式作定语时，通常表示与先行词之间是主动关系，表示正在进行的动作和存在的状态。动词不定式作定语【咼考衔接】The Chin ese are proud of the 29th Olympic Gamesin Beiji ng in 2008.A. hold B. holdi ng C. held D. to be held

4、解析：to be held，不定式作定语一般表示将要发生的事情，做the 29th Olympic Games的后置定语。Hold与它修饰的词 the 29th Olympic Games是被动关系，选 D。小结：不定式做定语一般表示将要发生的动作。【解题指导】动词的ed形式作定语表示和它所修饰的词之间关系是被动、完成”的关系，动词的ing形式作定语表示和它所修饰的词之间关系是主动、进行”关系。动词的ing形式做定语还表示用途和目的，如the reading room。动词不定式作定语表示将来要发生的动作，但修饰有序数词或形容词最高级限定的名词时，则表示已完成的动作。女口：He was the

5、 best man todo the job. She was the first woma n to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.考点二、非谓语动词作状语动词的ed形式作状语【咼考衔接】with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.A. FacedB. FaceC. Faci ngD. To face解析：动词face与主句的主语 we之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，但两者之间是被动关系所以选A。动词的ing形式作状语【咼考衔接】17. We ofte n provi

6、de our childre n with toys, footballs or basketballs, that all childre n like these thin gs.A. thin ki ngB. think C. to thinkD. thought解析：think与主句的主语之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，且两者之间是主动关系所以A。动词的ing形式，可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等状语。动词不定式作状语【咼考衔接】the employees' worki ng efficie ncy, the supervisor will allowthem t

7、o have a coffee break.A. Improvi ngB. To improveC. Havi ng improvedD. Improved解析：不定式做目的状语，表示将来达到的目的，所以选B。非谓语动词做评注性状语what happe ned to you on your way back to the hotel last ni ght ?I lost my way in complete dark ness and ,things worse , it bega n to pour.A. maki ng B. to make C. hav ing made D. made

8、解析：动词不定式“ to make things worse做评注性状语，不定式评注性状语修饰整个句子，选B。The car bur ns more fuel , butall things into con sideratio n , it ' s still a good car.A. take n B. hav ing take nC. tak ing D. to take解析：“ taki ng all thi ngs into con sideration做评注性'状语，动词ing形式做评注性状语表示说话人的态度。【解题指导】非谓语动词作状语主要分析它与主句中主语之间

9、的关系是主动还是被动，主动用动词ing形式，被动用动词ed形式。表示将来的目的和状态时用动词不定式。可做评注性状语的有：不定式 To tell the truth, to be hon est 等；动词 ing 形式 gen erally speaki ng, judgi ng from what he said , considering 等。考点三、非谓语动词作主语和表语【高考衔接】It ' s necessary to be prepared for a job interview.the answers ready will be of great help.A. To hav

10、e had B. Havi ng had C. Have D. Havi ng解析： “ Having the answers ready做主语，选 D。It rema inswhether Jim fit en ough to play in the fin als.A. see n B. to be see nC. see ingD. to see解析：非谓语动词作表语表示将来和被动，选B。小结：非谓语动词作主语和表语近几年来考查的较少，在此不再赘述。考点四、非谓语动词作宾语动词的ing形式做宾语和不定式做宾语【高考衔接】I can ' t standwith Jane in th

11、e same office. She just refusestalki ng while she works.A. work ing ; stopp ing B. to work ; stopp ing C. work ing ; to stop D. to work ; to stop解析：stand dong sth （忍受做某 事），refuse to do sth （拒绝做某时），所以选C。小结： 只能接动词的 ing形式作宾语动词及词组有admit , avoid ,appreciate , consider , delay ,dislike ,enjoy ,escape fini

12、sh fancy ,feel like, give up , can ' help ,Mind , mean （意味着） ，miss ,postpone , practice , put off 等。只能接不定式作动词有：afford , agree ,decide ,desire ,expect ,fail , hope , man age ,promise , prete nd ,pla n ,intend , refuse, wish 等。动词的ing形式作宾语与动词不定式作宾语的比较【咼考衔接】If you think that treati ng a woma n well

13、means alwaysherpermissi on for thin gs, think aga in.A. getsB. gotC. to getD. gett ingThere ' s a man at the reception desk who seeraery angry and I think he meanstrouble.A. maki ng B. to make C. to have made D. havi ng made解析：答案：D ; B。 mean doing sth意味着做某事，mean to do sth打算做某事。小结：remember, forge

14、t, regret, try, go on, mean, miss, stop等词后接不定式和动名词做宾语时，意思不同。考点五、非谓语动词作宾补不定式作宾补【咼考衔接】My advisor encourageda summer course to improve my writ ing skills.A for me tak ingB me tak ingC for me to take D me to take小结：有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除tell夕卜，常见的还有：advise, allow , cause consider, encourage,forbid， force， in

15、tend，order， permit， persuade, remind， request , require urge ，warn，ask ，wish ， want 等。特另 U注意：hope, agree, dema nd, suggest 等没有宾补。2. 分词做宾补【咼考衔接】Don' t leave the waterwhile you brush your teeth. (B)A run B running C being run D to runIn the dream Peter saw himselfby a fierce wolf, and he woke sudd

16、e nly with a start.A. chasedB. to be chased C. be chasedD. havi ng bee n chasedYou should un dersta nd the traffic rule by now. You've had itofte n eno ugh. (D)A. explai ningB. to explai nC. explai nD. explai ned解析：考查动词ing形式和动词ed形式做宾补。答案 B; C; D。考点六、动词ing形式的时态语态【咼考衔接】from other con ti nents for

17、milli ons of years, Australia has many pla nts and ani mals not found in any other country in the world.A . Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated小结：考查动词ing形式的完成被动式，用“ having+ been+过去分词”表示，它所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，与主句主语关系为被动关系在句中表示时间和原因，选C。考点七、不定式的时态语态【咼考衔接】this cake

18、, you'll n eed 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.A. Havi ng madeB. MakeC. To makeD. Mak ingHe hurried to the book ing office onlythat all the ticketshad bee n sold out.A. to tellB. to be told C. telli ng D. toldPolice are now search ing for a woma n who is reported tosincethe flood hit the are

19、a last Friday.A. have bee n miss ing B. have got lost C. be miss ing D. get lost小结：答案：C; B; A。当不定式与自己的逻辑主语之间是主动关系时，用主动语态，如果是被动关系则 用被动语态。不定式的一般式表示将要发生的动作或状态。不定式的进行式表示不定式动作正在进行之中，不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作已完成或发生在句子的谓语动词之前。不定式的主动形式表被动意义【高考衔接】Mr. Gree n stood up in defe nse of the 16-year-old boy, say ing that hew

20、as not the one.A. blamedB. blamingC. to blameD. to be blamed.rm going to the supermarket this after noon. Do you have anything?A. to be buyingB. to buyC. for buyingD. bought解析：答案：C; B。解析：以下情况不定式的主动形式表被动意义。1个别动词用“ be不定式"表示将来和应该时：I think Tom is to blame. / The house is to let.这房子要出租。不定式放在形容词之后时：T

21、his questi on is difficult to an swer. This kind of chicke n is nice to eat.考点八、非谓语动词否定形式【高考衔接】the program, they have to stay there for ano ther two weeks.Not complet ingB. Not completed C. Not hav ing completed D. Havi ng not completed解析：考查非谓语作状语的否定形式，选C。Victor apologized forto inform me of the cha

22、 nge in the pla n.A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able 解析：考查分词作宾语的否定形式，选C。The teacher asked usso much no ise.A. don ' t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 解析：考查分词作宾语补足语的否定形式，选D。考点九、非谓语动词的独立结构独立主格结构=逻辑主语+逻辑谓语。独立主格的名词或代词作为逻辑主语，非谓语动词做逻辑谓

23、语 构成。在选择非谓语动词时，要注意逻辑上的一致原则，即：非谓语动词的主语和句子的主语是否一致。 如不一致则需要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语构成独立主格结构。独立主格结构主要起状语作用，相当于一 个状语从句。1分词的独立结构【咼考衔接】 , They will go and visit the Zoo.weather permitti ng B. Weather permitted C. Weather being permittedD. Weather havi ng permitted解析：permit有自己的逻辑主语 weather,与主句的主语 They不一致。逻辑主语weather与 逻

24、辑谓语permit 之间是主动关系。相当于 If weather permits, they will go and visit the zoo.看另一例子： His homework finished , Jim went to bed to sleep.逻辑主语 His homework与 逻辑谓语finish之间是被动关系。2. 介词 With引导的独立主格结构 【咼考衔接】I couldn ' t do my homework with all that noise.A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on解析："with

25、all that noise going on构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。A"with名词+宾补"的复合结构，是主动意义，故选A. going on.With a lot of difficult problems, the n ewly-elected preside nt is havi ng a hard time.A. settled B. settli ngC. to settle D. bei ng settled解析：With+名词或代词+不定式，构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。用settled表示已经解决了的问题；用being settled表示

26、正在被解决的问题；用to be settled表示将要被解决的问题。而此处的to settle是用来作定语修饰前面的problems。小结：与非谓语动词有关的With结构有三种：With+名词或代词+现在分词；With+名词或代词+过去分词；With+ 名词或代词 + 不定式。例如： With you sitt ing here, I can ' t do my homework.With the problem settled , we all felt happy. / With the teacher to help me ,we will complete the task s

27、oon. 考点十、疑问词+不定式"结构It is said in Australia there is more land tha n the gover nment knows.A. it what to do with B. what to do it withC. what to do with it D. to do what with itThe mother did n't knowto blame for the broke n glass as it happe ned while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. Wh

28、at 小结：答案：C; A。疑问词+不定式”结构，在句中起名词性作用可充当主语、宾语和表语。跟踪练习:s pain ti ngs.1. There are hundreds of visitorsin front of - the Art Gallery to have a look at Van GoghA. waitedB. to waitC. wait ingD. wait2. There have bee n several new eventsto the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.A. addB. to addC. add

29、 ingD. added3. Don't sit therenothing. Come and help me with this table.A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing4. All these gifts must be mailed immediatelyin time for Christmas.A . in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D . so as to be receiving5. After he became

30、conscious , he rememberedandon the head with a rod.A . to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit C. attacking ； be hit D . having been attacked; hit6. Laws that punish parents for their little childrenthe lawscgon panpaitsst .A. worried B. to worry C. worryi ng D. worry7. the program ,they have to

31、 stay for ano ther two weeks.A. Not completi ng B. Not completed C. Not havi ng completed D. Hav ing n ot completed8. Walter offered us a lift whe n he was leav ing the office ,but our work, we refused the offer.A . not fini shi ng B. had not bee n fini shedC. not havi ng fini shedD. not being fini

32、shed9. rve worked with childre n before , so I know whatin my new job.A . expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D . expects10. The mother didn ' t knowto blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out .A. who B. whe n C. How D. What非谓语动词练习1. black and blue, the lady could n '

33、move.A. Beate n B. Beati ng C. To be beate nD. To beat2. Most of the mento the party were from tow n.A. in vitedB. to in viteC. being in vitedD. had bee n in vited3. When I got back, I saw a messageto the door“ Sorry to miss you; will call later.A. pin, read B. pinning, readi ngC. pinn ed, read ingD

34、. pinn ed, read4. With a lot of differe nt problems , the n ewly-elected preside nt is havi ng a hard time.A. settledB. settli ngC. to settle5. With a lot of differe nt problemsA. settledB. settli ngC. to settle6. poor in En glish, I'm afraid I canD. being settled,the n ewly-elected preside nt i

35、s very pleased.D. being settled'make myself.A. To be; understandB. I rm; to understandC. Being; understanding7. the room, the nurse found the tape-recorder.D. Being ; understoodA. En teri ng; steali ngC. To have en tered; being stole nB. En teri ng; goneD. Havi ng en tered; to be stole n8. En gl

36、ish is a Ian guagein many coun tries.A. spoke nB. speak ingC. be spoke nD. to speak9. I should say sorry to him. I regretto help him that day.A. refus ingB. to refuse C. refused D. refuse10. Professor Li is often see nsometh ing in his office.A. to write B. write C. wrote D. writte n11. Do you still

37、 rememberto your hometow n ten years ago?A. take n B. to take C. to be take n D. being take n12. She is not usedin the city.A. to live B. to livingC. to have livedD. live13. Hurry up! He is sureus at the gate.A. waiti ngB. to wait C. to be waiti ngD. to be wait ing for14. everywhere, the wolves had

38、no wherethemselves.A. Hun ti ng; hidi ngB. To hunt; to hide C. Hun ted; hidi ngD. Hun ted; to hide15. This is acar.A. use B. usingC. to be usedD. used16. When, ice cha nges into water.A. to heat B. heati ngC. heated D. they are heated17. Charlie Chapli n is con sidereda great con tributi on to the f

39、ilm in dustry.A. to make B. maki ng C. to have made D. havi ng made18. with you, we still have a long way to go.A. Compari ngB. To compare C. Havi ng compared D. Compared19. They have n 'decided whe nfor Shan ghai.A. to be leavi ng. to leave C. leavi ngD. leave20. I don 'know the girlin the

40、snow storm.A. to catch B. caught C. catchi ngD. to be catch ing21. Nobody enjoysfun of in public.A. to make B. maki ngC. being made D. to be made22. Do you know the girlon a stone?A. sit B. seati ng C. seated D. sat23. I feel likea long walk. Would you likewith me ?A. tak ing; going B. to take; going C. tak ing; to go D. to take; to go24. Don ' forgetthe letter for me when you pass by the post office.A. post B. to post C. posted D. post ing25. Heari ng the good n ews, he could n