赢在起点小升初培训教程

1、语音知识：音素是最小的发音单位。字母分为元音字母和辅音字母。辅音字母在单词中的读音可以通过以下几种方法得到：(1)掐头法学读音：Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx读以上辅音字母名称音，将其第一个音去掉，余下的音即为该字母在单词中的读音:Ffef ef去e余fLlel el去e余lMmemem去e余mNnen en去e余nSses es去e余sXxekseks去e余ks(2)去尾法学读音：Bb Cc Dd Jj Kk Pp Tt Vv Zz读以上辅音字母名称音，将其后面的音去掉，余下的音即为该字母在单词中的读音:Bbbi: bi:去i:余bCcsi: si:去i:余sDddi: di:去i:余d

2、Jjdei dWei去ei余dKkkei kei去ei余kPppi: pi:去i:余pTtti: ti:去i:余tVvvi: vi:去i:余vZzzi: zi:去i:余z(3)对比法学读音：Gg鸽子汉语鸽，英语g g g Hh喝水汉语喝，英语h h hYy医生汉语医，英语 j j jWw乌鸦汉语乌，英语w w wRr日头汉语日，英语r r r汉语拼音声母：b p m f d t l n g k h j q x 英语辅音字母：b p m f d t l n g k h j ch sh辅音字母的读音跟汉语拼音声母的发音一样，辅音字母在英语单词中都有其固定的读音。元音字母长短音对照表：元音字母aei

3、ou长音eii:aiuju:短音ei:元音字母就好比语文里的多音字，同一个字在不同的词语里读不同的声音：英语单词都是由元音字母和辅音字母组合而成。我们想认读单词必须先搞清楚单词的结构。单词的结构：元辅结构(由一个元音字母加上若干个辅音字母构成的单词) 辅元结构 (由若干个辅音字母加上一个元音字母构成的单词) 元辅e结构 (由一个元音字母加上一个辅音字母再加上一个不发音的字母e构成的单词)拼读规则：元音字母在元辅结构的单词中发短音。 元音字母在辅元结构的单词中发长音。 元音字母在元辅e结构的单词中发长音。以上都是只含有一个元音字母的单词，拼读单词请遵循以下步骤：1 先判断单词的结构，单词的结构可

4、根据定义来判断。2 确定单词结构中的元音字母的读音。3 从左到右依次读出每个字母的读音。元音字母发四声。4 将每个字母的读音合并起来并快速读出。一. 把下列的音标分类。/ i: / d /dz / e / z / : / / u / / u / / s / w /: / / / / ei / tr / / l / / / / g / v /a: / dr / h / e / / / au / /u: / / / /u / i / / b / j / / / m / / i / /t / ts / p / t/ / / f / /ai /d / / n / / / i / / k / / r /

5、长元音： 短元音： 清辅音： 浊辅音： 二、选出下面划线部分发音不同的单词。1、( ) A. cake B. face C. apple D. late2、( ) A. me B. leg C. bed D. set3、( ) A. hut B. ruler C. duck D. cup4、( ) A. clock B. hot C. go D. sock5、( ) A. head B. dead C. deaf D. sea6. ( ) A. think B. Mean C. Bank D. thank7. ( ) A. now B. no C. ink D. name8. ( ) A. h

6、our B. his C. here D. hide9. ( ) A. know B. knife C. knock D. bike10.( ) A. zoos B. desks C. chairs D. toys三、从下列四个选项中选出所给单词的正确读音。( ) 1.set A、/set/ B、/sit/ C、/st/ D、/st/( ) 2.court A、/kut / B、/kut/ C、/k:t/ D、/sit/( ) 3.better A、/bet:/ B、/bt/ C、/beta:/ D、/bet /( ) 4.duck A、/dk/ B、/dk/ C、/duk/ D、/du:k/

7、( ) 5.tank A、/sk/ B、/tik/ C、/tek/ D、/tk /( ) 6.mouse A、/maus/ B、/mus/ C、/mus / D、/ms/( ) 7.cry A、/srai/ B、/krai/ C、/kri / D、/krei/( ) 8.where A、/wi / B、/wi:/ C、/ he/ D、/we /( ) 9.deep A、/di:p/ B、/dip/ C、/dep/ D、/ dp/( ) 10.echo A、/ku / B、/ek/ C、/eku/ D、/ku/四、 根据音标，写出正确的单词。/ be / / wait / / hed / /el

8、ifnt / /pl / / ki:p / / maus / / fi:t / / desk / 语法及练习1 be动词Be 动词的用法： (1) 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is连着他她它，单数名词用is,复数全用are。变疑问往前提，句末问号莫丢弃;变否定更容易，be后not莫忘记；疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。(2) 肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. (3

9、) 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.一、在下面的短文中填上恰当be动词。 I _ a girl. My name _ Mary. I _ in Class 2, Grade 7. I _ 12 years old. Here _ my family photo. Look! These _ my parents and those _ my gra

10、ndparents. This boy _ my brother. He _ 15 years old now. That _ my cat, Mimi. It _ very lovely.二、在下面的题目中填上恰当的Be动词。（注意Be动词的时态）1. I _from Australia.2. She _ a student.3. Jane and Tom _my friends.4. My parents _very busy every day.5. _ there a Chinese school in New York?6. There _ some glasses on it.7.

11、 There _many monkeys in the mountain. 8. There_ a beautiful garden in our school. 9. I _ at school just now. 10. He _ at the camp last week. 11. We _ students two years ago. 12. They _ on the farm a moment ago. 13. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.14. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.15

12、. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 16. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.17. There _some water in the glass. 18. There _ some bread on the table. 19. Where _ your friends yesterday? 20. How old _ you last year? 21. Which dog _ yours? 22. Ten and two _ twelve.23. A: Where _th

13、e post office. B: It _ behind the building.24. A: _ you miss Black? B: Yes, I _.25. It _ a shirt, it _(not) a skirt.26. There _ a big playground in our school.27. There _ many books in my schoolbag.28. There _ some fish in the box.29. _ there any chairs in the classroom?30. Youd better _ early next

14、time. 用恰当的be动词填空。 1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher.5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this

15、? 10. Whose socks _ they? 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I? 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14. Here _ a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. G

16、ao shans shirt _ over there. 21. My sisters name _Nancy.22. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil. 23. _ David and Helen from England? 24. There _ a girl in the room. 25. There _ some apples on the tree. 26. _ there any kites in the classroom? 27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle? 28. There _ some bread

17、 on the plate. 29. There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 30. You, he and I _ from China.31.I _a cute baby.32.He_ a good boy. 33.She_a beautiful girl.34They _ good friends. 35.We _ pupils. 36.It_ a little mouse.三. 仿照例句改写下列句子。例句：She is in Class One, Grade Two.否定句： She is not i

18、n Class One, Grade Two.一般疑问句： Is she in Class One, Grade Two?回答：Yes, she is. (No, she isnt)1. Bob is on the football team.否定句： 一般疑问句： 回答：2. They are in the teachers office.否定句： 一般疑问句： 回答：3. It is sunny today.否定句： 一般疑问句： 回答：4. There is some water in the bottle.否定句： 一般疑问句： 回答：5. There is a piano in th

19、e room.否定句： 一般疑问句： 回答：6. There are many trees in the school.否定句： 一般疑问句：回答：7. There are four bottles of milk on the table.否定句： 一般疑问句：回答：8. We are interested in painting. 否定句： 一般疑问句：回答：语法及练习2：冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表示“一个，一件”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如：an e-mail, an oran

20、ge, an old man, an English watch, an hour2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法： （1）用来表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new. （2）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please. （3）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.（4）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the e

21、arth地球 （5）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall长城 （6）用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：the Changjiang River长江 （7）此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the。如：the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。1、用a或an填空。 “U” ice-cream goalkeeper teapot apple English book office unit hour umbre

22、lla _ ant2、根据需要，填写冠词a，an或the。（1）Who is girl behind tree?（2） old man has two children, son and daughter.（3）This is orange. orange is Lucys.（4）He likes playing guitar. We have same hobby.（5）We all had good time last Sunday.（6）She wants to be doctor.语法及练习3： 人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词 1人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动

23、词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。 2物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。1. 当第二人称与第一人称并用时，第二人称在前，第一人称在后。例如： You and I are not teachers. 我和你都不是老师。2. 当第三人称与第一人称并用时，第三人称在前，第一人称在后。例如： He and I dont know Mary. 我和他都不认识玛丽。3. 当单数第一、二、三人称并用时，第二人称在前，第三人称次之，第一人称在后。例如： You, he and I are in the same cla

24、ss. 你、我、他在同一个班里。4. 当几个第三人称并用时，通常是代词在前，名词在后；男性在前，女性在后。例如： He and Rose are in China. 罗斯和他在中国。5. 当复数第一、二、三人称同时并用时，第一人称在前，第二人称次之，第三人称在后。例如：We, you and they are good students. 我们、你们、他们都是好学生。 特别提醒：在承认错误、承担责任时，第一人称要当先，第三人称跟后面。如： I and Kate are late for school today. 我和凯特今天上学迟到了。“秘笈”：人称代词并列现，注意顺序礼貌见。 二一、三一、

25、二三一，第一人称最谦虚。 若把错误责任担，第一人称最当先。 It用法最广泛，天时距离代前提。 （说明：it 可代表天气、时间、距离等，如：It is fine today. 今天天气很好。 一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。请牢记下表：人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称Imeweusmymineourours第二人称youyouyouyouyouryoursyouryours第三人称hehimtheythemhishistheirtheirssheherherhersitititsits用所给词的适当形

26、式填空。1. Pass _ ( I ) the knife, please.2. Please give _ (we) the homeworks.3. Can I use _ (you) bike?4. _ (it)are Sunday, Monday, Tuesday5. Are _ (this) your stamps?6.That is not _ kite.That kite is very small,but _ is very big. ( I )7.The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 8.Is this _ watch? ( you )

27、No, its not _. ( I ) 9._ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 10._ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _? ( you ) 11.Show _ your kite, OK? ( they ) 12.I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 13.Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here

28、. ( they ) 14.Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we ) 15._ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she ) 16.Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they ) 17.Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger! ( it )18._ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she ) 19.The

29、girl behind _ is our friend. ( she )20.Thisisnt_knife._isgreen. ( she )21.Theseareyourbooks，Kate.Put_inthedesk，please. (they )22._mustlookafter_things. ( you )23.Theywantafootball.Give_thegreenone，please. ( they)24.WeiFang，isthat_ruler?Yes，its.( you )25. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she )

30、 26. I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you ) 27. My uncle has a daughter. He loves _ (she) very much.28. Tommy has a cute cat. _ (it) name is Kitty.29. Are there _ (some) reading rooms in this building?30. - U like collecting coins very much. - _ (I) too.31. - Is there _ (some) water in the bottle?

31、- Yes, there is.32. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he ) 33. 62. - Whose books are these? - Theyre _ (they), I think.34. - How many students have _ (they) birthdays in May? - No one.35. Whats the matter with _? Do you have problems with _ homework? (you)36. _ dont know her name. Would you pleas

32、e tell _. ( we ) 37. So many dogs. Lets count _. ( they ) 38. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he ) 39. May I sit beside _? ( you ) 40. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it ） 41.The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )42.Mary works in a book store. likes work very m

33、uch.43.John and I are in the same school. go to school together.44.Everybody likes that sport, do ?45.She is a friend of . We got to know each other two years ago.46.Her sister makes all own dresses.47.I have many friends. Some of are good at English.48.May I use bike? is broken.49. Everybody is her

34、e except Ann and _ friend Jane. _ are in the library now.50. Who can help _ (she) to carry the box?51. Mum, we are very hungry. Give _ (we) some bread, please.52. This is my puppet. Thats _ (you) puppet.53. Open the door for _(I), please.54. Today is _ (she) birthday.55. David got a computer from _

35、(he) parents.56. This is your classroom. _ (our) is next to the teachers office. 不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1. some与any的区别1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. . Some rice in the bag has been sol

36、d out. 2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea? 3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I cant see any. If you have no

37、money, Ill lend you some. 注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别1）用作形容词： 含义用法表示肯定表示否定用于可数名词a few虽少，但有几个few不多，几乎没有用于不可数名词a little，虽少，但有一点little不多，没有什么 Im going to buy a few apples. He can s

38、peak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. They had little money with them. 2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级) She sl

39、ept very little last night.情态动词：1、任何主语+can/may/must+动词原形 2、主语+ cant/may not/ mustnt+动词原形 3.Can/May/Must + 主语+ 动词原形？ 4、疑问词+can/may/must+主语+动词原形？非谓语动词（是固定搭配）1. like+ to do不定式/doing动名词 2.want to do sth. 3. love to do 4. would like to do sth.5. enjoy doing sth. 6. thanks for doing 7. stop doing sth 8. l

40、et sb. do sth. She wants _(have) a party. Does he like _(swim)? Thanks for _(enjoy) CCTV show. She never stops _(talk).like一词的用法like用作及物动词，译为“喜欢”。(1)后接名词或代词，表示喜欢某人或某物。如：I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。(2)后接动名词(v. -ing)，表示“喜欢做某事”，着重于习惯、爱好。如：Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。(3)后接动词不定式(to do )，

41、表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”，着重于某次具体的行为。如：I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书，但我今晚想看电视。名词s所有格单数名词后直接加 “ s ”：Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的妈妈以s结尾的复数名词，只加“”Teachers Day教师节 the twins books双胞胎的书不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数，加“ s ”Childrens Day 儿童节 mens shoes男式鞋表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加sLucy and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的妈

42、妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈)表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加sLucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间，两间房子）语法及练习4 名词单数与复数一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f

43、或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 练习：写出下列各词的复数。 I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _ book_child _ photo _ diary _ d

44、ay_ foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ people_用所给单词的正确形式填空。1. How many_ (sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some_ (food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_ (tooth) now.4. There is a lot of_ (water) in the bottle.5. There are

45、five_ (people ) in his family.6. Lets take_ (photo), OK?7. I have lots of_(tomato) here.8. The_ (leaf) on the tree turn yellow.9. Their_ (dictionary) look new.10. There are many_ (fox) in the picture.11. Different people may have different _(idea).12. Would you like some _(tomato)?13. Jim has some _ (knife).14. The girl under the tree is a friend of _(Lucy).15. His family _ a happy one. (be)语法及练习5 一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍 一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的