精馏塔设计外文翻译

1、学 号：HEBEI UNITED UNIVERSITY毕业设计外文翻译GRADUATE DESIGN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRANSLATION设计题目：苯-氯苯连续精馏塔设计 学生姓名： 专业班级： 学 院：机械工程学院 指导教师： 副教授2012年5月26日气液传质设备主要分为板式塔和填料塔两大类。精馏操作既可采用板式塔，也可采用填料塔。板式塔在工业上最早使用的是泡罩塔、筛板塔，其后，特别是在本世纪五十年代以后，随着石油、化学工业生产的迅速发展，相继出现了大批新型塔板，如S型板、浮阀塔板、多降液管筛板、舌形塔板、穿流式波纹塔板、浮动喷射塔板及角钢塔板等。目前从国内外实际使用情

2、况看，主要的塔板类型为筛板塔、浮阀塔及泡罩塔，而前者使用尤为广泛。在化工、炼油、医药、食品及环境保护等工业部门，塔设备是一种重要的单元操作设备。它的应用面广、量大。据统计，塔设备无论其投资费还是所有消耗的钢材重量，在整个过程装备中所占的比例都相当高。精馏是分离液体混合物最常用一种作，在化工、炼油等工业中应用很广。它通过汽、液两相的直接接触，利用组分挥发度的不同，使易挥发组分由液相向汽相传递，难挥发的由汽相向液相传递，是汽、液两相之间的传质过程。 本设计是笨-氯苯连续分离精馏塔，而氯苯是一种重要的基本有机合成原料，用作染料、医药、农药、有机合成中间体。用于制造苯酚、硝基氯苯、二硝基氯苯、苯胺、硝

3、基酚及杀虫剂滴滴涕等，也用作乙基纤维素和许多树脂的溶剂。氯苯的下游产品中，硝基氯化苯是氯苯的主要消费用户，对硝基氯化苯是重要的染料、农药、医药的中间体。以对硝基氯化苯为原料可以生产对硝基苯酚、对硝基苯胺、对氨基苯酚、对苯二胺、对氨基苯甲醚和对氨基苯乙醚等一系列有机化工产品。但由于用苯氯化法制氯苯后，苯和氯苯互溶，因此需设计一个精馏塔用来分离易挥发的苯和不易挥发的氯苯。首先，苯和氯苯的原料在原料预热器中加热到泡点温度，然后，原料从进料口进入到精馏塔中。因为被加热到泡点，混合物中既有气相混合物，又有液相混合物，这时候原料混合物就分开了，气相混合物在精馏塔中上升，而液相混合物在精馏塔中下降。气相混合

4、物上升到塔顶上方的冷凝器中，这些气相混合物被降温到泡点，其中的液态部分进入到塔顶产品冷却器中，停留一定的时间然后进入苯的储罐，而其中的气态部分重新回到精馏塔中，这个过程就叫做回流。液相混合物就从塔底一部分进入到塔底产品冷却器中，一部分进入再沸器，在再沸器中被加热到泡点温度重新回到精馏塔。塔里的混合物不断重复前面所说的过程，而进料口不断有新鲜原料的加入。最终，完成苯与氯苯的分离。填料塔属于微分接触型的气液传质设备。塔内以填料作为气液接触和传质的基本构件。液体在填料表面呈膜状自上而下流动，气体呈连续相自下而上与液体作逆流流动，并进行气液两相间的传质和传热。两相的组分浓度或温度沿塔高呈连续变化。板式

5、塔是一种逐级接触的气液传质设备。塔内以塔板作为基本构件，气体自塔底向上以鼓泡活喷射的形式穿过塔板上的液层，使气-液相密切接触而进行传质与传热，两相的组分浓度呈阶梯式变化。综合考虑板式塔由于比填料塔性能稳定、效率高、安装检修方便及造价低等优点，本设计选用板式塔。塔板是板式塔的主要构件，分为错流式塔板和逆流式塔板两类，工业应用以错流式塔板为主，常用的错流式塔板主要有泡罩塔、筛板塔、浮阀塔等。筛板塔在相对气液相负荷、效率、可靠性以及价格方面都较其他两种塔优，因此本设计选用筛板塔，其特点如下：l 结构简单、制造维修方便；l 生产能力大，比浮阀塔还高；l 塔板压力降较低，适宜于真空蒸馏；l 塔板效率较高

6、，但比浮阀塔稍低；l 合理设计的筛板塔可是具有较高的操作弹性，仅稍低与泡罩塔；l 小孔径筛板易堵塞，故不宜处理脏的、粘性大的和带有固体粒子的料液。本设计的题目是苯-氯苯分离精馏塔设计，即需设计一个精馏塔用来分离易挥发的苯和不易挥发的氯苯，采用连续操作方式，具体工艺参数如下：处理量：12000吨/年料液组成（含氯苯）：34产品组成（氯苯纯度）：99塔顶产品组成（含氯苯）：1.5操作压力：塔顶压强4KPa(表压)进料热状况和回流比自选塔底加热蒸气压力：0.5MPa（表压)单板压降：0.7KPa地震裂度：7度土质情况：第二类场地土当地气压=100kPa设备年工作时间：300天（每天24小时连续运行）

7、水电供给：水源充足，供电正常 对于16MnR，钢板负偏差=0，因而名义厚度。但对于低合金钢制容器，规定不包括腐蚀裕量的最小厚度应不小于3mm，若加上5mm的腐蚀裕量，名义厚度至少取8mm。由于封头的椭球部分经线曲率变化平滑连续，故应力分布比较均匀，且椭圆形封头深度较半球形封头小得多，易于冲压成型，是目前中、低压容器中应用较多的封头。因此本设计选用椭圆形封头。塔的手孔是操作人员对塔进行检验及维修用的。本塔设计中手孔选择DN250 的带颈对焊法兰手孔。由于工艺操作需要有各种接管，在本塔的设计中接管的尺寸分别是DN32，DN50，DN65，DN80，DN125，所有接管均不用补强。Gas liqui

8、d mass transfer equipment consists of plate column and packed column two categories.Distillation operation can not only adopt the plate tower, also can be used in packing tower.Plate tower in the industry is the earliest use of the bubble tower, tower, thereafter, especially in this century after fi

9、fty time, along with the petroleum, chemical industry production develops quickly, appeared in succession a large number of new tower trays, such as S plate, float valve tower plate, multiple downcomer trays, tongue shaped tower plate, perforated ripple tray, float jet tray and angle steel tower pla

10、te.From the current domestic and foreign practical use situation, the main tower plate type sieve plate tower, float valve tower and bubble tower, while the former is widely used. In the chemical industry, oil refining, pharmaceutical, food and environmental protection industries, the tower is an im

11、portant unit operation equipment.Its wide application, a large amount of.According to statistics, tower equipment regardless of their investment costs or all the weight of the steel consumption, in the whole process equipment in proportion is high. Distillation is the separation of the most commonly

12、 used liquid mixture of a chemical, oil refining, in industrial application is very broad.It is through steam, liquid direct contact, using component volatilization of different, so that the volatile components from liquid to vapor transmission, which is difficult to volatilize liquid transfer by st

13、eam, steam, liquid phase mass transfer between processes. This design is stupid - chlorobenzene continuous separation of distillation tower, and is a important basic raw material of organic synthesis, used as a dye, medicine, pesticide, organic synthesis intermediates.Used in the manufacture of phen

14、ol, nitrochlorobenzene, two nitrochlorobenzene, aniline, nitrophenol and insecticide DDT, also used as ethyl cellulose and many resin solvent.Application of downstream products, nitrochlorobenzene is the main consumer of chlorobenzene, nitrochlorobenzene is of vital dyes, pesticides, pharmaceutical

15、intermediates.In order to nitro - chloridize benzene as raw materials to production of p-nitrophenol, p-nitroaniline, amino phenol, benzene two amine, p-aminophenol methyl ether and amino benzene ether and a series of organic chemical products.But as a result of Using Benzene Chlorination of chlorob

16、enzene, benzene and chlorobenzene miscible, so we need to design a distillation column used for the separation of volatile benzene and not easy to volatilize and chlorobenzene. First of all, benzene and chlorobenzene raw material in the raw material preheater of heating to boiling point, then, from

17、raw materials into the feed inlet into the distillation tower.Because of being heated to boiling point, a mixture of both gas phase mixture, and the mixture in liquid phase, when the raw material mixture was separated from the gas mixture, in the distillation tower rises, and the liquid mixture in d

18、istillation tower in fall.Gas phase mixture to rise to the top of the tower at the top of the condenser, the vapor mixture is cooled down to the bubble point, wherein the liquid portion into the top product cooler, stop for a certain time and then into benzene storage tank, and wherein the gaseous c

19、omponent back into the distillation tower, this process is called return.Liquid phase mixture from the bottom of the tower into a portion to the bottom of the tower product cooler, one part enters the reboiler, the reboiler is heated to boiling point back to the distillation column.Tower of the mixt

20、ure to repeat the process, and the feed port has the fresh raw materials adding.Finally, complete the benzene and chlorobenzene separation. Packed tower belongs to the differential contact type gas-liquid mass transfer equipment.Tower to packing as a gas-liquid contact and mass transfer of basic com

21、ponents.The liquid in the filler surface as a film flows from top to bottom, gas and liquid phase bottom-up was continuous countercurrent flow, and the heat and mass transfer of gas-liquid two phase.Two component concentration or temperature along the height of a continuous change. Plate tower is a

22、sequential contact of gas-liquid mass transfer equipment.Tower to tower plate as a basic component, gas from tower bottom upward to bubble live spray form, through the tower plate of the liquid layer, so that the gas - liquid phase in close contact and mass transfer and heat transfer, two-phase comp

23、onent concentration was a step change. Considering the plate tower as the ratio of packed tower stable performance, high efficiency, convenient installation and maintenance and low cost, the design of plate column.Plate is a plate tower main component, divided into a cross-flow plate and counter-flo

24、w plate two, industrial applications to cross-flow plate, used a cross-flow plate mainly bubble tower, tower, float valve tower. Sieve plate tower in relative phase load, efficiency, reliability and price was lower than the other two Tayou, therefore the design selection of sieve plate tower, its fe

25、atures are as follows: It has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture repair;· Large production capacity, higher than the float valve tower;· Plate lower pressure drop, suitable for vacuum distillation; Tower plate efficiency is high, but slightly lower than the float va

26、lve tower;· Rational design of sieve plate taco is highly flexible, only slightly and bubble tower;· Small aperture plate is easy to be blocked, it is not appropriate treatment of dirty, viscous and with solid particles in liquid.This design topic is the separation of benzene and chloroben

27、zene rectifying tower design, namely the design of a distillation column used for the separation of volatile benzene and chlorobenzene not volatile, with continuous operation, the specific process parameters are as follows: Processing capacity: 12000 tons / year Liquid composition (containing chloro

28、benzene): 34% Product composition (chlorobenzene purity): 99% Overhead product composition (containing chlorobenzene: 1.5%) Operating pressure: the pressure 4KPa (gauge) Thermal conditions of feed and reflux ratio of optional Tower bottom heating steam pressure: 0.5MPa (gauge) Single plate pressure drop: 0.7KPa Earthquake intensity: 7 degrees Soil conditions: second types of site soil Local pressure =100kPa Equipment working time: