从女性主义翻译理论看张爱玲翻译《老人与海》毕业论文

1、Eileen Changs Translation of The Old Man and the Seafrom A Perspective of Feminist Translation TheorybyYang RuizhiTHESISPresented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree ofMaster of Arts in English Language & Literaturein the School of Humanities & Social Sciencesof North U

2、niversity of ChinaJune, 2011图书分类号 H315.9UDC81.25密级非密硕 士 学 位 论 文从女性主义翻译理论看张爱玲翻译的老人与海杨汭枝指导教师（姓名、职称）申请学位级别专业名称张思洁 教授文学硕士英语语言文学_论文提交日期论文答辩日期2011 年2011 年5 月 24 日5 月 26 日学位授予日期 _年_月_日论文评阅人刘兵教授樊旭梅副教授答辩委员会主席刘兵教授 （太原理工大学外国语学院）2011 年 06 月 10 日_原 创 性 声 明本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在指导教师的指导下，独立进行研究所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本

3、论文不包含其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的科研成果。对本文的研究作出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本声明的法律责任由本人承担。论文作者签名：日期：关于学位论文使用权的说明本人完全了解中北大学有关保管、使用学位论文的规定，其中包括：学校有权保管、并向有关部门送交学位论文的原件与复印件；学校可以采用影印、缩印或其它复制手段复制并保存学位论文；学校可允许学位论文被查阅或借阅；学校可以学术交流为目的，复制赠送和交换学位论文；学校可以公布学位论文的全部或部分内容（保密学位论文在解密后遵守此规定）。签名：_ 日期：_导师签名：_ 日期：_AcknowledgementsThanks fo

4、r many people have contributed in various ways to the development and production of thisthesis.My greatest and sincerest gratitude goes to my respectable supervisor Professor Zhang Sijie. Duringmy academy studies in the past three years, Professor Zhang has shown his patient to guide and support myr

5、esearch. Without his innovative suggestions and careful revision, the finality of this thesis would havenever come into shape.My thanks also go to the professors and teachers in the School of Humanities & Social Sciences ofNorth University of China. Their lectures and instructions provide me wit

6、h enlightenment. Finally, I wouldlike to express my thanks to my family, classmates and my friends for their sincere love and great help.iAbstractIn recent years, Eileen Chang has been attracting increasing attention as a translator in academic circle.Investigation shows that many of the researches

7、are of preliminary nature: some of them summarizedEileen Chang career as a translator; others focussed on Eileen Changs peculiar translation style -self-translation and intralingual translation. Some of the American literary works that Eileen translated, TheOld Man and the Sea, for example, drew lit

8、tle attention. The Old Man and the Sea was translated by EileenChang when she was working for a U.S News Press in Hongkong in 1952, and it was Eileen who firsttranslated that work into Chinese, almost immediately after it was published in the same year. There arealtogether over 20 Chinese versions o

9、f The Old Man and the Sea since it was published in 1952; theversions translated by Hai Guan, Wu Lao, Huang Yuanshen and Li Xiyin are high regarded and popularlyread. It seems that most readers had failed to notice Eileens female idendity and to understand her feministorientation to translation. Thi

10、s is of a great regret not only for the translation studies of the The Old Manand the Sea, but also for the further study of Eileen Chang as a translator.Western feminist translation theory is a product of the alliance between feminism and translationstudiesAs a branch of it, feminist intervention t

11、ranslation emphasizes on how feminist translators uselanguage as a manipulative tool to intervene in the creation of meaning in the target culture. There are threespecific strategies of Western feminist translation summarized by Luis von Flotow:supplementing,prefacing and footnoting, and hijacking,

12、and other strategies.Taking The Old Man and the Sea as the subject for reseach, the author has made an attempt to make adelicate contrastive studies on the three Chinese versions of that work translated by Wu Lao, Huangyuanshen, and Hai Guan, from the perspective of feminist translation theory, in t

13、he hope of finding outwhich feminist intervention strategies have been adopted for the translation of that work, and that howEileen has fulfilled her translation ideal through the application of feminist intervention strategies.In this thesis, the author attempts to make some creative researches on

14、the following aspects: 1) theresearch subject in this thesis is The Old Man and the Sea translated by Eileen Chang; this is the first timethat The Old Man and the Sea has been analyzed from the perspective of feminist translation theory; 2)iisummarizing the feminist intervention strategies adopted b

15、y Eileen Changs with her characteristics; 3)attempting to apply the feminist translation theory to English-Chinese translation practice, which isexpected to make contribution to both deepening the feminist translation theory, and broadening the viewof the researches on Eileens translation works.Key

16、words: feminist translation theory; interventionist strategies; Eileen Chang; The Old Man and theSeaiii摘 要近年来，越来越多的研究者开始关注张爱玲的译者身份。调查发现，人们对张爱玲翻译的研究仍处于初级阶段：大部分研究要么是关于张爱玲翻译生涯的整理和总结，或者是将其独特的自译与语内翻译作为研究对象；张爱玲的美国文学翻译作品没有引起更多人的关注。老人与海是1952年张爱玲在香港美国新闻出版社工作期间的一部重要译作，这也是老人与海在国内的第一个中译本。海明威的老人与海自1952年出版以来，在国内已

17、经出现了20多个译本，其中比较著名的有海观、吴劳、黄源深、以及李锡撤等的大陆译本；而张爱玲的译本则出现在海明威原作出版的同年年末。出人意料的是，张爱玲所译的老人与海为国内首个译本，但始终没有引起广大读者的关注。这对老人与海这样一部举世闻名的著作中译研究，以及对这部著作的初译者张爱玲的翻译研究来讲，都是一种缺憾。究其原因，与译者的独特身份以及翻译主张不无关系。西方女性主义翻译理论是女性主义与译学结合的产物，女性主义翻译在实践上提倡一种译者干预性的翻译实践，要求对翻译文本进行女性主义的创造：在翻译策略上，女性主义译者要求对翻译文本进行以女性主义为价值取向的干涉和改写，例如增补、写前言及“劫持”等策

18、略。本文选取张爱玲所译的老人与海为研究对象，以女性主义翻译理论为基础，并且择取国内较为流行的吴劳译本和黄源深译本以及与张爱玲同时期的海观译本作为参照文本。通过对几个译本进行细致的文本分析与研究，在对比的过程中探讨张爱玲译本中所使用的女性主义干涉策略，采用了哪些具体的干涉策略，并试图发现张爱玲是如何通过干涉策略来表现她的女性主义思想。本文试图在下列方面有所创新：1）本文的研究对象是我国著名作家及翻译家张爱玲的译作老人与海，这也是第一次从女性女义翻译理论的角度对老人与海进行专门个案研究；2）通过对比研究试图综括出具有张爱玲特色的女性主义干涉策略；3）将女性主义翻译理论应用到中国的翻译实践中来，既能

19、深化女性主义翻译理论，又能丰富张爱玲翻译作品的研究。关键词：女性主义翻译理论；干涉策略；张爱玲；老人与海ivTable of ContentsAcknowledgement . 1Abstract.ii摘 要. ivChapter I Introduction. 11.1 Research background . 11.2 Theoretical assumptions. 31.3 Methodologies . 31.4 Research questions. 41.5 Structure of this thesis. 4Chapter II Feminist Translation T

20、heory. 62.1 Feminist translation. 62.2 Feminist translation approach in Western countries. 72.3 Feminist translation approach in China . 9Chapter III Eileen Chang and Her Translation . 123.1 Eileen Chang and her translation . 123.2 Eileen Chang and The Old Man and the Sea . 133.3 A writing project .

21、 14Chapter IV Source-text Selection in Terms of Feminist Translation. 184.1 Source texts selected by feminist translators . 184.2 Source texts selected by Eileen Chang . 20Chapter V Intervention Strategies. 225.1 Prefacing as an intervention strategy . 225.1.1 Prefacing as an intervention strategy .

22、 225.1.2 Prefacing in the translation of The Old Man and the Sea by Eileen Chang . 235.2 Supplementing as an intervention strategy . 265.2.1 Supplementing as an intervention strategy . 265.2.2 Supplementing in the translation of The Old Man and the Sea by Eileen Chang . 275.3 Using of lexis for the

23、description of females as an intervention strategy . 31Conclusion . 37Bibliography . 41Appendix. 44Paper published during MA program. 47Thesis for Masters DegreeChapter I Introduction1.1 Research backgroundAccording to the record of CNKI, there were all together 47 papers published from 1995 to2010,

24、 including 17 excellent Master theses and 1 Doctoral dissertation. In the 47 papers, 17 ofthem are comprehensive research, for example: the Doctoral dissertation of Yangxue多元调和:张爱玲翻译作品研究, Ma Ruofeis Master paper张爱玲翻译研究and so on; 7 of them areabout Changs translation thought, such as Deng Lijuans Mas

25、ter paper张爱玲译作中的女性主义干涉策略研究，Zhang Mans从翻译看张爱玲的中西文化观; 23 of them are aboutChangs one work，for example Jiang Ruis张爱玲小说<金锁记>英译本研究，Chen Jirongs论语内翻译中的译者阐释兼评张爱玲<海上花列传>国语翻译. But in the 23 papers,there are 9 are researching on海上花列传, and only 5 are about The Old Man and the Sea. Thefive researche

26、s about The Old Man and the Sea just focus on Eileen Changs translator literacy, orthe relation between Eileen Chang and the original text, and the exact understanding of the text.From above literature review, it shows that Eileen Chang as a translator has already attractedthe researchers attention

27、and recognition. But the reaches on Eileen Changs translation are stillnot enough. Especially the studies on The Old Man and the Sea can not really satisfy the readers,so it gets in sufficient attention. Because Eileen Changs translation activities are relativelycomplex, her intra-lingual translatio

28、n as a special translation phenomenon always attracts peoplesattention. But if we dont make in-depth research on her translation, that will be a vacancy inChinese translation history. While as one of the most important translations of Eileen Chang, TheOld Man and the Sea will be a research object in

29、 this paper.Eileen Chang is one of the most popular female writers in China. She writes lots ofremarkable works which draw a large number of scholars attentions. Tang Wenbiao(唐文标)，LinXinqian (林幸谦)and Chen Zishan(陈子善)，have made great contributions to Eileen ChangsChinese novels. In fact, Eileen Chang

30、s contributions are not only in writing, but also intranslation. Eileen Changs translation activities are relatively complex, because she has translated1Thesis for Masters Degreemany novels written by herself or the others. And her intra-lingual translation as a specialtranslation phenomenon always

31、attracts peoples attention. But in China, feminist translationtheory is seldom mentioned. And few scholars focus on Eileen Changs translation from theperspective of feminist translation theory. Studies on Eileen Chang are almost about her novelsalthough Changs creations widely spread in many fields,

32、 such as essay, poetry and filmscriptHowever, the achievement of research on her translation is doubt. Especially her Englishworks，this is a blank field(周芬伶，2003：6)About The Old Man and the Sea，Eileen Changis the first person who translated it. As the first translation version in China, the老人与海gotno

33、t so much attentions as the version of Wu Lao or Hai Guan. Chen Zishan said: AlthoughChangs The Old Man and the Sea has been printed many times，it still couldnt draw the attentionof the investigators who study on Eileen Chang. Even so，Changs version of The Old Man andthe Sea is the first Chinese ver

34、sion in China (陈子善，2004a：193). Therefore, this essay tries totake The Old Man and the Sea translated by Eileen Chang as a research object, which is based onthe perspective of feminist translation theory. In the way of contrast different versions, authorwants to find out Eileen Changs potential femin

35、ism thinking. Her feminism thinking will showclearly with the help of the actual instances.In one hand, translation is a kind of weapon for feminist translators to fight for their socialstatus. They do their best to draw the peoples attention, and improve their female status in thesociety through a

36、series of Intervention strategies. Meanwhile the feminist translators are shakingthe foundation of patriarchy in male-dominated culture. All the translations from a feministperspective would be an introduction, dissemination or development of feminism in targetculture，be the translation of friendly

37、texts with feminist ideology or criticism and correction oftexts with strong patriarchal ideology. In the other hand, a series intervention strategie is used tobe the means of interfering so as to realize cultural intervention and win the battle of their socialstatus. Most of feminist translators ta

38、ke the means of selecting, rewriting of source texts. Besidesabove, there are three practices of western feminist translation, which is summarized by Luise vonFlotow, for example: prefacing and footnoting, supplementing, and hijacking (Luise von Flotow,1997: 60-70) and other interventionist feminist

39、 translation strategies. In Flotows Translation andGender, she talks about the interventionist feminist translation. In the book she said thattranslators who are already politicized (by feminism) may take offence at texts that are unpalatable2Thesis for Masters Degreeor politically unacceptable and

40、over the past decade a number of women translators have assumedthe right that they correct texts in the name of feminist truths to query their source texts froma feminist perspective ， to intervene and make changes when the texts depart from thisperspective(Luise von Flotow, 1997：24)1.2 Theoretical

41、AssumptionsFeminist translation theory is originated from western country, where the feminist translatorsare more radical than the other countries. No doubt that the Chinese feminist translators will beinfluenced by the western feminist criticism and feminist translation. Although the feministChines

42、e writers and translators adopt certain criticism from western feminist translation theory,they are not so aggressive as the western authors and translators. The differences between thetranslators or their literary creations should be caused by their different social environment andcultures, even th

43、e differences between Chinese and English spelling.In this thesis, Eileen Changs feminist thought will be discussed through her translationTheOld Man and the Sea. The translation will be analyzed from the perspective of the feministtranslation theory in order to find out what intervention strategies

44、 are applied, and how tointervene the text by applying these strategies. By doing that Eileen Changs feminist thought willbe display.1.3 MethodologiesFeminism translation theory is a combination of feminism and translation theories. It is also aproduct after the process that the traditional translat

45、ion is feminized and the translators aremarginalized. In the traditional translation, fidelity is regarded as the highest standard of thetranslation. That means the translator should be faithful to the author of the original text, and thetranslation should be faithful to the original text. It just as wife is supposed to be faithful to herhusband as well. Translation provides a platform and a favorable condition to struggle againstpatriarchal domination for fe