2019高考英语改错常见考点大剖析及经典习.doc

1、高考英语改错常见考点大剖析及经典习题 高考短文改错命题焦点：短文改错是全国统一高考中一种综合性很强的试题。 短文改错的文章多采用记叙文， 有时也 用说明文。在 100 词左右的短文中设有十个小题，该题的设计形式有四种：1该行错一个词，找出来并改正。2该行多一个词，找出来并去掉。3该行缺一个词，补上一词4该行没错，不改动。从近几年的高考题来看，这四种形式的考查情况大致为：多一词12处；缺一词12处;正确1处；错一词56处。这种题说到底是考查用词、词的搭配、词法、句法及语篇中的行文 逻辑等各方面的水平。 换句话说， 这是一种比拟全面的考查。 我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到 词不离句，句不离篇，要特

2、别注意词的用法、搭配和语法分析能力的培养。平时打好这种根底， 就为正确地解题准备了条件。 短文改错解题技巧：1. 快速阅读掌握大意。短文改错时应先从头到尾快速读一遍， 了解其大意， 这样有助于了解其中的逻辑关系， 对时 态、人称等都心中有数。十行中一般有九行有错误，一行无错，如发现并纠正错误，首要的任务 是对全段文字有个整体的理解，阅读中注意句子的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词或动词短语， 注意句子中的名词、数词，以及其他词性的语法要求，注意句子之间的逻辑关系，注意段落的主 旨内容，注意整篇短文的中心内容，这样才更加有效地完成改错。2. 在改错过程中， 要结合上下文语境来观察，不要只盯住一行。按

3、照上述的原那么，对语法、句法、逻辑词义、 搭配等诸方面进行综合考查分析并改正错误， 应看上下文中有无逻辑关系上的错误， 有无语法修 饰上的错误， 有无惯用法方面的错误。 如果没有发现明显错误， 那么分别检查时态、 人称， 单复数， 主谓一致等各项。3. 检查句与句之间的逻辑关系是否恰当。如有不妥之处，看看是否关联词有冋题。4. 整篇做完后，认真检查一遍，注意其中逻辑关系是否合理，时态人称等是 否一致。 短文改错常见考点：1 多一词：抽象名词前多一冠词：如：Modern people know more about the health. 去掉 the 专有名词前多一冠词：如:the Engla

4、nd 去掉 the , the Hebei Province 去掉 the , the Beijing Airport 去掉 the 固定词组中名词前多一冠词：如：go to the school 去掉 the , go to the prison 去掉 the ,at the work 去掉 the , in the bed 去掉 the , go to the hospital 去掉 the , set a fire to sth 去掉 a ., at the first 去掉 the , the most of them去掉 the，at the noon去掉 the, make a r

5、apid progress去掉 a，a pienty of去掉a表示交通工具的和 by 连用的名词前多一冠词：如：by the air去掉 the, by the bus去掉 the, by the ship去掉 the表示体育活动的名词前；如：piay the footbaii 去掉 the , piay the basketbaii 去掉 the 表示节日常含有 Day 的名词前多一冠词：如：the Nationai Day 去掉 the , the May Day 去掉 the 表示 非常意思的“ most多一冠词：如：He is the most hardworking. 去掉 the

6、 某种让步状语从句中名词前面多一冠词：如：A chiid as he is, he knows a iot. 去掉 a 在表示时间的 “one/ this/ every + 名词的时间状语前多一介词：如：on one day去掉 on，on that evening去掉 on，in every week去掉 in某些及物动词因混淆词义而多一介词或副词；如： raise up one s han去掉 up pick摘up apples去掉 up return back回来去掉 back repeat again去掉 again play with them in the match 去掉 wit

7、h marry with the man 去掉 with serve for the people 去掉 for enter into the room 去掉 into I learn English every day to improve it better 去掉 better表示地点的副词前多一介词：如： go to there去掉 to drive to home 去掉 to return to home 去掉 to 某些动词、连词、介词或副词后面多了一个介词： 如： because of his left leg was broken 去掉 of instead of he deve

8、loped his love for the theatre 去掉 of I looked at but could see nothing. 去掉 at join in the army 去掉 in 状语从句和主句间多一并列连词：如：去掉 but 去掉 so Although he is very busy, but he often helps us with housework. As the weather was good, so I decided to go there yesterday.充当状语的分词和主句之间多了并列连词： 如： Her husband died, and

9、leaving her three children.去掉 and He sat under the tree and reading a magazine.去掉 and作定语的分词前多一代词：如： The child who reading a book is her brother. 去掉 who去掉 which How I regretted the hours which wasted in the woods.定语从句中多一代词：如： The film that I saw it yesterday is good.去掉 it This is the very book that I

10、 am looking for it.去掉 it He is the man we talked about him. 去掉 him 在 “连词 + 分词 结构中多一代词：如： While I waiting for a bus, I found a wallet lying on the ground.去掉 waiting 前的 I If it heated, ice turns to water. 去掉 it 在某些固定结构中多了“to，如： I would rather stay at home than to go to the cinema with you.去掉第一个 to Why

11、 not to take a holiday for a good rest? 去掉 to She said she would rather not to discuss it right now. 去掉 to You had better not to go there. 去掉 to I made them to do the cleaning. 去掉 to I had him to clean the room. 去掉 to We noticed him to walk out of the garden. 去掉 to I often hear her to sing the song.

12、 去掉 to 2. 缺一词：表一类事物的单数可数名词前缺冠词：如：A/The A horse is a useful animal.单数可数名词前缺少表示 “一的不定冠词，如： There is a A library in every town in Britain. Good health is a A person s most valuable possession.特指名词前缺定冠词 the ,如： Have you read the A books by Mark Twain? The book on the A desk is mine.作状语的动词不定式缺“to，如： Davi

13、d and I want to go off to A find help a nd other orga ni zati ons are worki ng to A improve health all over the world.形容词最高级前缺定冠词 the ,如：one of theA earliest kinds of moneysuch 或 so 与单数名词连用时不可缺少冠词，如： This is such aA good book that I like it. He is so good a A student that all the teachers like him.姓

14、氏复数形式表示一家人或夫妇二人前面缺一冠词，如：TheA Turners are watching TV.表示世纪的某个年代前面缺一冠词，如：In theA 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia.表示 “一个名叫 的人 前缺一冠词，如：AA Miss Lee is waiting for you outside.“形容词比拟级 + of the two 前缺一冠词，如：He is theA taller of the two.某些固定

15、短语中缺一冠词，如：in theA end, go to theA cinema, in theA daytime, on theA right抽象名词具体化时前面缺一冠词，如： The meeting held yesterday was a A success. It is a A famous Chinese tea. The experiment turned out to be a A failure.作定语的不定式后缺少必要的介词，如： He is looking for a room to live in A . There is nothing to worry about A

16、 . I need a pen to write with A .一些固定短语或习惯搭配中缺介词，如： He didn t reply toA my letter. Are you sure about A it? Thousands and thousands ofA people like watching TV. Dr Wang started to operate on A them at once. He grasped my hands and asked for A my name and address. Just then a man came to me and asked

17、 what I was looking for A .并列句缺并列连词，如： He was tired and A it was getting dark. He asked me to go, soA I went. He is old, but A he is still strong.名词性从句中缺少必要的连接词，如： ThatA he will come is certain. It is uncertain whether A he can come or not. We all know the truth that A the earth goes round the sun.

18、They expressed the hope that A they would come over to visit China again.定语从句中缺少必要的关系代词，如： The police have found the knife with which A the man killed his wife. The changes that/ which A have taken place are great. Is this the boy who A did the good deed?缺少为防止重复而使用的替代词“tha或those ，如： The population i

19、s much larger than that A of Canada. The weather of Beijing is as good as that A of Shijiazhuang. The bikes made in Shanghai are better than those A made in Beijing.“make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch 等动词变成被动语态时缺少“to,如： They were made to A work fourteen hours a day by the landlord. H

20、e was noticed to A cross the street.为防止重复而使用的不定式省略形式缺少了to,如： If you don t want to do it, you don tneed to I wan ted to go out, but my mother told me not to A . Don t leave the room unless I tell you to A .3. 错一词：名词的单复数错误，如： Different people speak different language.(language languages) We have been

21、to Europe many time .( time times) His word were a great encouragement to me. (word words)t libraries) There are branch library in many villages. (library动词时态、语态的错误，如： Last Saturday police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York.( hurrythurried) Today it is much easier to be healthy than it i

22、s _ in the past.( istwas) Anyone may borrow books, and it cost no thi ng to borrow them. (cost t costs)形容词、副词混用错误修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词、整个句子应用副词，修饰系动 词、名词应用形容词及其他词性错误，如： I m sure we ll havewonderfully time together. (wonderfullytwonderful) A player s native langige is not importance . (importanee timportan

23、t) Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedie nee. ( importa ntt importai) Unfortunate , there are too many people (Unfortunate tUnfortunately)人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的错误，如： The game speaks for themselves. ( themselves t itself) The Blacks did hjs_ best to make me feel at home. ( his ttheir)非谓语动词使用错误，

24、如： I was oft en a little tired after a day work and watch TV dema nds very little effort. ( watch t watching动名词短语作主语 ) I am looking forward to seeing you and enjoy the talk.(enjoy tenjoying,与 seeing 是平行结构) He always went there to have his hair cut and wash.(washTwashed,与cut是 平行结构，采用的是have sth done结构

25、)同义词、近义词、形似词错误，如：across 与 through, among 与 between, except 与 besides, like 与 as, ago 与 before, accept 与 receive, living 与 alive, let 与 allow, lonely 与 alone, too 与 either, cost 、spend 、pay 与 take, hard 与 hardly, worth 与 worthy, raise 与 rise, likely 与 possible, near 与 nearly, lend 与 borrow, job 与 wor

26、k, deep 与 deeply, an swer 与 reply, high 与 highly, sit 与 seat, wide 与 widely, try 与 man age, neither 与 either, so 与 such, every day 与 everyday, all 与 both, every 与 each, find 与 found 建 立,lie躺、lie撒谎与 lay放置、生产，ha ng挂与 ha ng绞死sou nd 与 voice, place 与 room, forget 与 leave, hope 与 wish, call on 与 call at如：

27、 I raised my sound so that I could be heard.sound tvoice, voice 表示人的嗓音 There isn t arplace for me in the bus.place troom, room为不可数名词表示空间 I forgot my umbrella in the classroom.forgot t left, leave表示剩留，把某物忘在某地 I hope you to come earlier next time.hopetwish, hope后面不能跟 宾语+动词不定式的复合结构 He made such much pr

28、ogress that he was praised by the teacher.such tso,当many/ much/few/little 表示 多或少的含义时，前面常用so I received an invitation but I didnreceive tt.receive taccept, accept 表示 主观接受 You should rise your hand before ask ing the questi on.rise t raise, rise是不及物动词，raise是及物动词关系词用错，如： I also enjoyed the evenings whe

29、n we spent together.whenTthat,先行词在定语从句中作宾语 I ll never forget the daythat I went abroad myself.that twhen,先行词在定语从句中作时间状语 The tool with that he is working is called a saw.that twhich,介词后面的关系代词不能用that f he will come to the ball has no thi ng to do with me.If tWhether, if不能引导主语从句 The fact which water is

30、 composed of hydroge n and oxyge n is undeni able.which tthat, that引导同位语从句只起连接作用，不做句子成分 连词使用错误,如：if 与 uni ess, because 与 for, whe n 与 while We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. and f but If packages of food could be dropped from planes, the people might get hungry.If f Unless He was

31、 walking by the sea while he heard a voice for help.while f when,此时，when不译作 当的时候而表示 正在时，这时另一件事发生了 感慨词用错：what和how其他情况：介词使用错误，情态动词使用错误，冠词使用错误等。短文改错典型习题：I1.but a mammal..0.This is a extraord inary ani mal in every way. He is nota fish, as people might think,Off all the ani mals this brain

32、 comes closest to the huma n bra in in all shape and size. He is able to send out and imitate模仿sounds, so some scientist declare that they can actually teach them to speak. The dolphin海豚is the only animal which is fond of manscompa ny. There are a great deal old stories of a dolphi n sav ing huma n

33、beings or guide ships away from dan gerous sand ban ks. He is a creature at many gifts. He also gives pleasure to seame n duri ng their off-duty hours by jump ing and racing about in the water.答案与详解：1. a f an在以元音开头的单词前应用不定冠词an2. 正确。3. off ff由comes closest 可知这里副词close的最高级。短语of all 常用在最高级中表示范围句中意为 在所有

34、的动物中 与最接近副词off不能表达此意。4. all f both连词词组bothand用于连接两个对等的成分，即shape和size.“ in both shape and size意 为：在形状与大小两个方面，故 all 应改为 both5. scie ntistscie ntistssome 后面的可数名词应加 s 构成复数形式。6. them him由文中He is 和The dolphin is 可判断，此处用第三人称单数的宾格形式，即him。7. which f that注意 animal 前的修饰词 only. 定语从句中，如先行词前有 only 修饰，其关系代词用 that。

35、8. deal fmany句中 stories 为一可数名词， 应由 a great many 来修饰。 短语 a great deal of 通常用来修饰不可 数名词。9. guide fguiding连词or常用来连接两个相等的成分，前者是saving，因此guide须改成guiding or常译作 或者、 “还是 。10. at fof根据句意，应改 at 为 物介词at不能表达此意。of。 of many gifts在句中作定语，修饰a creature, 意为具有天赋的动Whatdidweusetodoaftertherewastelevision?Weusedtohavehobbi

36、es,andgoingoutsideforouramusements.Weevenusedtoreadbookandlistentomusicandbroadcasttalksoccasionally.Allwhichbelongs to the past. Now all our free time are controlled5.bythea “box. Werushhomeorgulp(吞)downour meals to be in time for this and that programme.7._We have even given up sit at table and ha

37、ving a leisurely(沉着地 )8.eveningmeal,exchanginganewsoftheday.n.6.9.Ifanymemberofthefamilydaretoopen10.his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.答案与详解：after before根据上下文可判断，此句的意思为：在没有电视之前我们干些什么呢？2. going goand 连结语法作用相同的单词、短语或句子，前面 have 是动词原形，后面 go 也要用动词原 形。3. book t booksbook 是可数名词，此处

38、泛指我们过去有时也读书。应用作复数形式。4. which tthatthat 是指示代词，它一般用在 all, the only, the same, no 或形容词 的最高级后面5. aretistime 作 “时间 讲时是一个不可数名词。6. 正确。7. andtoror 此句意为 “我们囫囵吞下我们的饭， 为的是及时去观看这个或那个节目 。此处为选择的意 思，不是并列关系。8. sit tsitting动词短语 give up 后应跟名词或名词性的短语，故应用 sit 的动名词形式。9. atthenews 是一个不可数名词，故不可用 a 修饰。此处指互相交换当天的情况，所以用定冠词。1

39、0. dare tdares此处 dare 实意动词，它的主语为单数。By middaythe sun was such strongthat Jim could2.3.4.and went to sleep.he awoke. He was7.8.9.not go any further. There were no tree near the path, so he took a shelter under a big rock. After drink the rest of his water, he took off his shirt and rolled theminto a p

40、illow. Then he lied downIt was late in the afternoon whenabout to sit up when he felt something move near his feet. He looked up. A long snake was about to crawl across his legs. Jim watched, too terrified not to do anything. Thesnake moved across his legs, then crawled and disappear under the rock.

41、 10.答案与详解：1. such tsoso + 形容词 /副词 + that-clause, such + aan + 名词 +that-clause2. tree ttrees主语谓语在数上应一致。 no trees 相当于 not any trees。3. drink tdrinkingdrinking 为动名词，其后的 the rest of his water 为 drink 的宾语。4. themtit此处应用代词 it 代替 his shirt 。5.lied tlay此处为动词形式误用，应特别注意形近词。女如: lie躺-lay-lain, lying; lay放、产卵-la

42、id- laid-laying; lie撒谎-lied -ied- lying。6. 正确。5. movetmovingmoving 为现在分词做宾补，强调 “感觉到有什么东西正在动 。6. up tdown此处为逻辑错误，句意为：低头看脚下之物。7. 去掉 nottooto意为：太 而不能。注意英语惯用法不可受汉语影响。8. disappear tdisappeared此句中 moved, crawled 和 disappeared 为三个并列谓语，故用过去式。IVJohnwasverytired.Heallofthemmighthavetcomewiththeboat.handandswa

43、mwith1.WhenIreachedthem,2.wassotiredthatdrownedifIdidnJohn jumped into the river to save a drowning man with no thought for his own safety.Together, we got the man to shore, holding on to the boatwithone5.another.Themanlookeddead,buthisheart6.wasbeating.Johndidallwhathecould7.savethemanwhileIrantothenearesthouse8.tocalladoctor.Atthetimethedoctorcame,9.themanwasabletositup,ashelookedverysick.Thedoctorbroughthimtothehospital,and10.when we called up last night to ask about him, they told us he would be well in a day or two.答案与详解：1. 正确。2. all tboththem 包括 J