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1、【知识要点】 必记单词 mind n. 聪明的人;富有才智的人 astronomer n. 天文学家 consider v. 认为;觉得
2、160; sense n. 理解力;判断力 invitation n. 邀请
3、0; pleasure n. 乐事;快事 avoid v. 避免;避开 trust v. 信任;信赖 obey v. 服从;遵守
4、160; reduce v. 减少;缩小 exactly adv. 精确的;准确的 &
5、#160;action n.(故事、戏剧等的)情节 常考短语 let.down 使失望 by heart 单凭记忆;能背诵 take a seat 坐下 &
6、#160; without difficulty 轻而易举 join in 参加;加入
7、; have no idea 丝毫不知道 be in trouble 处于困境 play a
8、 joke on sb. 和某人开玩笑 课文解析 1. Listen to a radio programme about some great minds. mind在此用作可数名词,意为“聪明的人;富有才智的人”。 【拓展】mind作名词,还可表示“头脑;大脑;智慧;心思”。 常用短语:make up one's&
9、#160;mind 下定决心;change one's mind 改变主意 Have you made up your mind to change your mind? 你下定决心要改变主意了吗? 2. Many people consider Albert Einstein a genius.
10、160; consider及物动词,意为“认为;觉得”。consider sb./sth. (as) sth. 意为“认为某人 /某物是”。另外,consider后还可接that从句。 He considers himself a great man. 他认为自己是一个了不起的人。 They were considered as heroes.&
11、#160;他们被认为是英雄。 He considered that we could do the work well. 他认为我们能做好这项工作。 Lingling is considered to be the top student. 玲玲被认为是优秀学生。【拓展】consider还可意为“考虑”,相当于think about,其后可接名词、代词、动词-i
12、ng形式、从句或“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。 You'd better consider my suggestion. 你最好考虑一下我的建议。 We are considering going to Hainan for the Spring Festival. 我们在考虑赴海南过春节。 He
13、;has never considered how to solve the problem. 他从未考虑过如何解决这个问题。 3. This story about him shows that he also had a sense of humour. (1) sense可数名词,意为“理解力
14、;判断力”,通常用单数。 sense of humour 幽默感; sense of direction 方向感 (2) humour不可数名词,意为“幽默”。 I like such stories full of humour. 我喜欢这些幽默的故事。【拓展】humorous形容词,意为“滑稽有
15、趣的;有幽默感的” He has a wide mouth and humorous eyes. 他有一张大大的嘴巴和一双滑稽的眼睛。 4. Einstein often received invitations to explain his theories at different unniversities. (1)
16、0;receive及物动词,意为“得到,收到”。 I have just received his reply. 我刚刚收到他的回信。 辨析:receive与accept receive 指客观上“收到”,也可用来表示“接待”和“遭受”。 accept 表示主观上“接受”某人、“承认或赞同”某一看法或理论 (2) invitation名词,意为“请柬;邀请”,后常接to sth.或to d
17、o sth. Have you received an invitation to the party? 你收到参加晚会的请柬了吗? My father had an invitation to visit his friend in Beijing. 【拓展】invite动词,意为“邀请”。常见用法有:&
18、#160; invite sb. to. 邀请某人去(某地/某一活动) We invited Miss Gao to our party. 我们邀请高老师来参加我们的聚会。 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 They have invited me to go to Shang
19、hai with them.他们邀请我和他们一同去上海。5. It's a pleasure to drive a genius like you. pleasure在此用作可数名词,意为“乐事;快事”。“It's a pleasure to do sth.”表示“做某事是一件乐事”。 It's a pleasure
20、;to meet you. 认识你很高兴。 辨析:pleasure,pleasant与pleasedpleasure可数名词 “乐事;快事” 不可数名词 “高兴;快乐”,take pleasure in (doing) sth. 意为“从(做)某事中获得乐趣” pleasant 形容词 “令人愉快的;宜人的”,通常修饰物 pleased 形容词 “高兴的;愉快的”,主语一般是人。be
21、;pleased with “对感到满意”;be pleased to do sth. “乐于做某事” It's a pleasure to hear from you. 收到你的来信很高兴。 Reading brings me great pleasure. 读书带给我很大的乐趣。 What a pl
22、easant trip! 多么令人愉快的旅程啊! The mother were very pleased with her two daughters. 母亲对两位女儿很满意。6. I wish I could avoid giving my lecture tonight,Hans,but I don't want to
23、160;let my audience down. (1) avoid动词,意为“避免,避开”。avoid doing sth. “避免做某事”。另外,avoid 后还可接名词或代词作宾语,但不能接动词不定式作宾语。 We got up early to avoid missing the earl
24、y bus. 我们早起床,以避免错过早班车。 She tried to avoid all the problems. 她尽量避开所有的麻烦。 【拓展】在英语中,有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语,不能接动词不定式。常见 的这类动词有finish,enjoy,mind,avoid,practise,miss,keep,suggest等。 (2) lecture可数名词
25、,意为“讲座;演讲”。give a lecture意为“讲课;演讲”;attend a lecture意为“听讲座”。 The scientist gave a lecture to us. 那位科学家给我们讲课了。 Did you attend the lecture on Mark Twain? 你听了那个关于马
26、克吐温的讲座了吗? (3) let sb. down 意为“使/令某人失望” She let us down badly yesterday. 昨天她让我们大失所望。 6. I know what to do. what to do为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构,在句中作动词know的宾语。“疑问词
27、0; +动词不定式”结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 When to start is a problem. 何时动身是个难题。 The peasants taught us how to plant rice. 农民教我们怎样种稻子。The question was where to go. 问题是去哪里? 7.
28、I've listened to your lecture so many times that I've learnt it by heart. so.that.意为“如此以至于/以致”,其中so是副词,用来修饰形容词或 副词。常见结构有: so+形容词/副词+that. English is
29、so important that we must learn it well. 英语是如此重要,我们必须学好它。 so+many/few+可数名词复数+that. I have made so many mistakes that I can't pass the exam. so+much/li
30、ttle(少)+不可数名词+that. I have so little money with me that I can't buy anything. 8. Now we're in trouble. (be) in trouble意为“处于困境;倒霉”。 If he can&
31、#39;t finish the work on time, he will be in trouble. Don't laugh at people in trouble. 【拓展】 have trouble with. 在方面有麻烦/问题 Maybe you will hav
32、e trouble with your English, but never give up. have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 I have some trouble in reading her letter. 9. That's such
33、an easy question that even my driver can answer it. such.that.意为“如此以至于”,与so.that.不同的是,such是形容词, 用来修饰名词。常见结构有: (1)such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that.=so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that. He is such a
34、 clever boy that everyone likes him. =He is so clever a boy that everyone likes him. (2)such+形容词+可数名词复数+that. These are such difficult maths problems
35、that I can't work them out. (3)such+形容词+不可数名词+that. This is such hard work that few people can finish it on time. 10. one of the cleverest women in t
36、he world one of the cleverest women意为“最聪明的女人之一”,其结构为“one of+the+ 形容词最高级+可数名词复数”,表示“最之一”。 Mozart is one of the most famous musicians in the world.11. I'll give you some advice.&
37、#160; advice为不可数名词,意为“建议;意见”。常用表达: a/one piece of advice 一条建议;some advice 一些建议 【拓展】advice的常用搭配: give sb. some advice/give some advice to sb. 给某人提一些建议 ask
38、0;for advice 征求意见 follow/take one's advice 接受某人的建议 advise动词,意为“建议”,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语,也可用 于advise sb. (not) to do sth.结构,意为“建议某人(不要)做某事”。 She advised us
39、160;to wait one more day. 她建议我们再等一天。12. Why don't you.?=Why not do.?通常用于征求意见、提建议,而不是表示疑问, 意为“你(们)为什么不做” Why don't you ask the policeman? =Why not ask t
40、he policeman? 【拓展】英语中表示建议的常用句型还有: What/How about.? 怎么样? What/How about going fishing? Would you like.? 你想要吗? Would
41、160;you like something to drink? Let's.! 让我们吧! Let's play a game! You'd better. 你最好 You'd better stay a
42、t home on such a hot day.【能力提升】 .英汉互译。 1. 做演讲 2. 转折点
43、 3. 处于困境 4. 肩并肩
44、 5. 去的路上 6. have no idea 7. a series
45、160;of 8. play a joke on sb. &
46、#160; 9. let sb. down 10. by heart
47、160; .英英释义。 1. You should cheer up and not let your parent down. A. make your parents happy
48、0; B. make your parents excited C. make your parents angry D. make your parents disappointed 2. People usua
49、lly make fun of their friends on April Fool's Day. A. play jokes on B. have fun with C. play with
50、60; D. tell some jokes to 3. We will take part in social practise during the summer vacation. A. join B. join
51、160;in C. be in D. do 4. I avoided him as much as possible. A. keep away from
52、 B. put away from C. give away from D. throw
53、160;away from 5. I don't quite catch what you said at the meeting. A. miss B. hear
54、160; C. have D. understand .根据句意及首字母或汉语提示写出单词,完成句子。 1. My brother is interested in the u_. He wants to be an astronomer when
55、0;he grows up. 2. As a student, you should o _the school rules. 3. We're going to have a party at Danny's house _ (今晚) 4. You l
56、ook _ (苍白的).Whats the matter with you? 5. Mr Wang didn't accept our _ (邀请)to the meeting.6. We should help those people in _ (困境). 7. He says he
57、 has a wonderful sense of h_ . 8. Peter won an a_for his wonderful performance in the show. 9. I've listened to your l_so many times that I've lean
58、t it by heart.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. Confucius is one of the greatest _ (mind) in the world. 2. I improve my Chinese by_ (read) lots of books. 3. Alice,
59、0;you must avoid_ (make) such mistakes next time. 4. He described his travel in South America in a _ (humour) way. 5. The lady refused his_ (invite) to
60、160;the dinner party. 6. Einstein took a seat, listened to Hans give his lecture without _ (difficult). 7. He decided _ (write) poems at the age of 14.
61、160;8. It's my _ (please) to help you with the luggage(行李). .单项选择。 1. She was _ shocked _ speak. A. so; that B. too
62、; that C. so; to D. too; to 2. He has made a decision _ a scientist. A. to become
63、0; B. becomes C. becoming D. became 3. Deming will have _ next month. He is going to go abroad.
64、160; A. a 8-day-holiday B. a 8 days holiday C. an 8-days holiday
65、160; D. an 8-day holiday 4. Paul is funny. He often plays jokes_his classmates. A. at B. to
66、0; C. for D. on 5. If you dont study hard, youll_ your parents
67、; . A. let; down B. write; down C. look; up D. cheer; up 6. -I feel
68、60;a bit hungry now. -Why_ for dinner with us? A. not you go B. dont you go C. not to go
69、0; D. dont go 7. It is hard work, but well keep _ until we make it. A. try B. tried
70、60; C. trying D. to try 8. David is _ to carry the heavy bag. A. strong enoug
71、h B. enough strong C. weak enough D. enough weak 9. Beijing has_ many cars that there is often traffic jam in rush hour
72、s. A. so B. very C. too D.
73、;such 10. It was _ speech that I fell asleep. A. so a boring B. so boring C. such boring a D.
74、 such a boring.从方框中选择适当的单词填空,补全句子。 take; spend; pay; cost 1. She _ two hours cleaning
75、 the house yesterday. 2. I _ ten yuan for the new pencil box. 3. The computer _ me 1500 yuan. 4. It _ them three weeks to look for the miss
76、ing kid. .同义句转换 1. Linda is so friendly a girl that all of us like her. Linda is _ a friendly girl _ all of us like her. 2. How did&
77、#160;they get to the bus stop yesterday? How did they_ _ the bus stop yesterday? 3. I spent 20 minutes writing down the words. _ took
78、;me 20 minutes _ _ down the words.4. Daming had to look after his brother at home. Daming had to _ _ _ his brother at home. 5. Bill left school
79、0;when he was 12 years old. Bill left school _ _ _ _ 12语法点动词不定式1、 动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to 是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。2、 动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to
80、 speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式,常常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换作为主语。宾语What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动?He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play
81、the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to。定语Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗?不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I'm sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.(表目的)不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1. 不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为:It+be+a
82、dj.(+ for/ of sb.)+动词不定式如:To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well. Its important for us to protect the environment. 注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。如: It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。
83、2. 不定式作宾语 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如: would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如: Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗? 在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。如: I find it easy to read English every day. 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Why not do., Why don't you do.,
84、 had better(not)do., would rather do, could/would/will you please(not)do.I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。3. 不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如: Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如: My mother encourages me to le
85、arn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。但变被动语态时,必须加上to。如: My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4. 不定式作定语 不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动
86、宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。5. 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。如: The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。一、 典型例题 ( )1. Tom's mother told him _ eating too much meat. A: stopping B: to
87、stop C: stops D: stopped( )2. We don't know _ it next. Let's go and ask Mr. Li. A: what to do B: to do what C: whether to do D: to do whether ( )3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _me. A: help B: helping C: to help D: helps( )4 Drivers shouldn't be allowed _after drinking, o
88、r they will break the law. A: drive B: driving C: to drive( )5. Water Park is a good place_. A: to have fun B: have fun C: having fun D: to have a fun( )6. Take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone. Relaxing allows you _to your studies with more energy
89、. A: return B: to return C: returning( )7. Nick, would you mind _those old jeans? They look terrible. A: not to wear B: not wear C: wearing not D: not wearing( )8. _ a volunteer is great. I think so. Some of us want _volunteers for the London Olympics. A: Being;being B: To be;being C: Being;to be D:
90、 To be;to be( )9.Don't forget _your history and politics books tomorrow morning. Thanks. I won't. A: bring B: to bring C: bringing( )10.What about _a rest? OK. Let's go out and have a walk. A: to take B: takes C: taking ( )11. I like this set of sofa so much, but I don't know _it in my small house. You're supposed to put it in the living room. A: where to put B: why
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