直接引语与间接引语

1、直接引语与间接引语直接引语： 一字不改的引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分即为直接引语。一般前后用引号，首字母大写。通常放于句首或句尾。间接引语： 用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分即为间接引语。通常以宾语从句的形式出现，不用引号。直接引语变为间接引语时的时态变化如果主句是过去式态，变为间接引语时的一般规律一般现在时- 一般过去式，现在进行时-过去进行时，现在完成时- 过去完成时，一般过去时时，一般将来时 - 过去将来时， 现在完成进行时- 过去完成时，过去进行时过去完成进行时， 过去完成时- 过去完成进行- 过去完成时等。时态不需要变化的情况1、当直接引语表示的是客观真理或经常性的特点

2、时。例如She said,the sun .-She said that the earth goes around the sun.2、当直接引语中有绝对具体的过去时间作状语时，保持原来的一般过去时。left home in 1942. He said he left home in 1942. The earth goesaround例如 He said, I3、当强调动作或状态现在仍然如此时，可保持原时态She said ,”I will be back tonight.” -She said she will be back tonight .4、当直接引语是虚拟语气时，保持原时态。H

3、e said ,” I wish I could fly .” He said hewished he could fly.二、直接引语变为间接引语时连词的选择1 、陈述句陈述句转化为间接引语时用that引导，也可省略that。主句动词主要为say,tell,reply,explain,think,repeat等。例如 Danny said ， I come from Canada. Danny saidthat he came from Canada.疑问句直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序。主句的动词常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow 等。1) 、一般疑问句直接引语为一

4、般疑问句时变为间接引语须用if或whether引导。例如Sheasked me, Is he a teacher? She asked me if/whether he was a teacher.2 、选择疑问句或反意疑问直接引语是选择疑问句需用or; 反意疑问句需用or not变为间接引语时要用whether而不用if.例如 My brotherasked me,Is Tom tallor short? My brotherasked me whether Tom was tall or short.3) 、特殊疑问句当直接引语为特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，常变成与疑问句同形的连接词引导的宾

5、语从句， 用陈述语序， 问号变句号。 例如 What do you want to eat? he asked me. He askedme what I wanted to eat.3、祈使句直接引语是祈使句变为间接引语时，要用不定式表示， 使其成为ask/tell/ordersb(not)to do sth句型。例如Don topen thedoor.he saidtoher. He asked hernottoopenthe door.4、感叹句感叹句变为间接引语时可用what或 how引导， 也可用 that引导。例如He said ，What a lovelyday it is! H

6、e said what a lovely day it was. He said that it was a lovelyday.三、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。now then todaythatday yesterday the day before lasttwo days ago two days before next weekthe next week tomorrowaftertomorrow intwodayshere therethis thatbring takemight the nightbefore the next day the daythes

7、e thosecome go例如He said,I did my homework yesterday. He said he had done his homework theday before.注 1 、直接引语是第一人称变为间接引语时，一般要变为与主句主语相一致的人称；第二人称变为与主句的间接宾语相一致的人称，第三人称一般不改变。2、当直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序，即连接词+主语 +动词的形式。3、Say 后的直接引语表示陈述或命令时可变为tell;表示请求或询问时可变为ask.巩固练习：1、She said, I have left my coat in your ro

8、om.She said _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.2、She said, I wrote to my friends yesrerday.She said _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.3、The teacher told the students, The earth is round.The teacher told the students_ _ _ _ _ .4、The guard said to Lenin,Please show me your pass.The guard asked Lenin_ _ _ _ _ .5、He said , My sister was here two days ago,but she is not here nowHe said _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,but_ was not there then.答案： 1. if the door was open or closed2. she had left her coat in my room3. that she had written to her friends the day before4 .when I would be back the next time5. that th