大脑结构解剖图PPT课件

1、External feature The telencephalon consists of right and left cerebral hemisphere, partially separated by cerebral longitudinal fissure. The cerebral transverse fissure intervenes between the hemispheres and the cerebellum Each hemisphere has three surfaces: superolateral, medial and inferior第1页/共39

2、页Three principal sulci Central sulcus 中央沟 Lateral sulcus 外侧沟 Parietooccipital sulcus 顶枕沟Central sulcusLateral sulcusParietooccipital sulcus第2页/共39页 Five lobes Frontal lobe 额叶 Parietal lobe 顶叶 Temporal lobe 颞叶 Occipital lobe 枕叶 Insular lobe 岛叶Frontal lobeParietal lobeOccipital lobeTemporal lobeInsula

3、r lobe第3页/共39页Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surfaceFrontal lobe: Precentral sulcus 中央前沟 Superior frontal sulcus 额上沟 Inferior frontal sulcus 额下沟 Precentral gyrus 中央前回 Superior frontal gyrus 额上回 Middle frontal gyrus 额中回 Inferior frontal gyrus 额下回第4页/共39页Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surfacePrecent

4、ral sulcus Precentral gyrus Superior frontal sulcus Inferior frontal sulcus Superior,middleand inferioe frontal gyri 第5页/共39页Parietal lobe: Postcentral sulcus 中央后沟 Postcentral gyrus中央后回 Intraparietal sulcus 顶内沟 Superior parietal lobule 顶上小叶 Inferior parietal lobule 顶下小叶 Supramarginal gyrus 缘上回 Angul

5、ar gyrus 角回第6页/共39页Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface Postcentral sulcus Postcentral gyrus Superior parietal lobule Supramarginal gyrus Angular gyrus Intraparietal sulcus第7页/共39页Temporal lobe: Superior temporal sulcus 颞上沟 Inferior temporal sulcus 颞下沟 Superior temporal gyrus 颞上回 Middle temporal

6、gyrus 颞中回 Inferior temporal gyrus 颞下回 Transverse temporal gyri 颞横回第8页/共39页Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface Superior temporal sulcus Inferior temporal sulcus Superior temporal gyrus Middle temporal gyrus Inferior temporal gyrus 第9页/共39页Transverse temporal gyri 第10页/共39页Sulci and gyri of Supero

7、lateral surfacePrecentral sulcus Precentral gyrus Superior frontal sulcus Inferior frontal sulcus Superior,middleand inferioe frontal gyri Postcentral sulcus Postcentral gyrus Superior parietal lobule Supramarginal gyrus Angular gyrus Superior temporal sulcus Inferior temporal sulcus Superior tempor

8、al gyrus Middle temporal gyrus Inferior temporal gyrus 第11页/共39页Sulci and gyri of medial surface Corpus callosum 胼胝体 Callosal sulcus 胼胝体沟 Cingulate sulcus 扣带沟 Cingulate gyrus扣带回 Marginal ramus 缘支 Paracentral lobule 中央旁小叶 Calcarine sulcus 距状沟 Cuneus 楔叶 Lingual gyrus 舌回第12页/共39页Sulci and gyri of media

9、l surfaceCorpus callosum Callosal sulcus cingulate gyrus Cingulate sulcus Marginal ramus Paracentral lobule Calcarine sulcus CuneusParietooccipital sulcusLingual gyrus第13页/共39页Sulci and gyri of inferior surface Olfactory bulb 嗅球 Olfactory tract 嗅束 Olfactory trigone 嗅三角 Anterior perforated substance

10、前穿质 Collateral sulcus 侧副沟 Occipitotemporal sulcus 枕颞沟 Medial occipitotemporal gyrus 枕颞内侧回 Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus 枕颞外侧回 Hippocampal sulcus 海马沟 Parahippocampal gyrus 海马旁回 Uncus 钩 Hippocampus 海马 Dentate gyrus 齿状回 Hippocampal formation 海马结构第14页/共39页Inferior surfaceOlfactory bulb Olfactory tract

11、Olfactory trigone Anterior perforated substance Collateral sulcus Occipitotemporal sulcusMedial and lateraloccipitotemporal gyri Parahippocampal gyrus Uncus 第15页/共39页HippocampusDentate gyrus Hippocampal formation 第16页/共39页Histology of the cerebral cortex Archicortex 原皮质 (hippocampal formation 海马结构)

12、Paleocortex 古皮质 (rhinencephalon 嗅脑) Neocortex 新皮质 (most of cerebral cortex)3 cell layers6 cell layers第17页/共39页第18页/共39页Functional location of cerebral cortex第19页/共39页First somatic motor area 第一躯第一躯体运动区体运动区Position: located in precentral gyrus and anterior portion of paracentral lobule第20页/共39页First

13、somatic motor area第一躯第一躯体运动区体运动区Characters Representation is inverted, but head and face are upright A body part is represented by a cortical area proportional to its use rather than its size Receiving fibers from postcentral gyrus, VA, VL and VPL, sending out fibers to form pyramidal tract, control

14、ling voluntary movements 第21页/共39页First somatic sensory area第一躯体第一躯体感觉区感觉区Positionlies in postcentral gyrus and posterior portion of paracentral lobule第22页/共39页First somatic sensory area第一躯体第一躯体感觉区感觉区Characters Sensory representation, like motor area, is crossed and inverted Receiving and interpret

15、sensation from opposite side of body第23页/共39页Auditory area 听区听区 Located in transverse temporal gyri Receive auditory information from both ears第24页/共39页Visual area 视区视区 Lie on either side of calcarine sulcus in medial surface of occipital lobe Visual cortex of one hemisphere receives impression from

16、 temporal part of retina of same side and nasal part of opposite side Lesions of visual cortex produce contralateral homonymous visual field defections 第25页/共39页 Vestibular area平衡觉区: located in front of superior temporal gyrus Olfactory area 嗅觉区: located near the uncus Taste area 味觉区: located at fro

17、ntal operculum第26页/共39页Language area 语言中枢语言中枢It is dominant in left hemisphere in right-handed person Motor speech area 运动性语言中枢 Located in posterior portion of inferior frontal gyrus Damage: motor aphasia Writing area 书写中枢 Located in posterior portion of middle frontal gyrus Damage: agraphia Auditor

18、y speech area 听觉性语言中枢 Located in posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus Lesion: sensory aphasia Visual speech area 视觉性语言中枢 Located in angular gyrus Lesion: alexia第27页/共39页Lateral ventricle 侧脑室 Position: located in cerebral hemispheres Four parts Central part: lies in parietal lobe Anterior hor

19、n: extends into frontal lobe Posterior horn extend into occipital lobe Inferior horn: extend into temporal lobeInternal structures第28页/共39页 Communicationlateral ventricle interventricular foramen third ventricle第29页/共39页Basal nuclei 基底核基底核 Corpus striatum 纹状体 Lentiform nucleus 豆状核 Caudate nucleus 尾状

20、核 Claustrum 屏状核 Amygdaloid body 杏仁体Globus pallidus 苍白球putamen 壳Neostriatum 新纹状体 paleostriatum 旧纹状体第30页/共39页第31页/共39页White matterAssociation fibers 联络纤维 Run between gyri within the same hemisphere Cerebral arcuate fibers 大脑弓状纤维 Superior longitudinal fasciculi 上纵束 Inferior longitudinal fasciculi 下纵束 U

21、ncinate fasciculus 钩束 Cingulum 扣带第32页/共39页Commissural fibers 连合纤维 run between left and right hemisphere Corpus callosum胼胝体: rostrum, genu, trunk, splenium Anterior commissure 前连合 Fornix and commissure of fornix 穹隆和穹隆连合第33页/共39页Projection fibers投射纤维: connect cortex with lower part of brain and spinal

22、 cord and they include both ascending and descending fibers Internal capsule Position: a thick lamina of white matter lying between caudate nucleus, thalamus and lentiform nucleus第34页/共39页第35页/共39页Three parts Anterior limb of internal capsule 内囊前肢 Lies between caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus C

23、ontaining frontopontine tract and anterior thalamic radiation Genu of internal capsule 内囊膝 Is angle at which anterior and posterior limbs meet Containing corticonuclear tract Posterior limb of internal capsule 内囊后肢 Lies between thalamus and lentiform nucleus Contain corticospinal tract, corticorubral tract, central thalamic radiation, parieto-occipito-temporo-pontine tract, acoustic radiation and optic radiation第36页/共39页Anterior thal