船体形状及近似计算ppt课件

1、绪论船舶稳性船舶稳性船舶抗沉性船舶抗沉性WLWLRT船舶快速性船舶快速性WLWL船舶耐波性适航性船舶耐波性适航性船舶支配性船舶支配性根底根底3抗沉性抗沉性4快速性阻力与推进快速性阻力与推进5适航性耐波性适航性耐波性6支配性支配性第一章第一章 船体外形及近似计算船体外形及近似计算基平面基平面中站面中站面中线面中线面船体型外表船体型外表型线图所表示的船体外形称为船体型外表型线图所表示的船体外形称为船体型外表甲板线龙骨基线中横剖面设计水线面中纵剖面尾首船舯 船体型外表在中线面、中站面和设计吃水处的平行于基线面的截面分别称为中纵剖面、中横剖面和设计水线面)(21AFdddLOALPPLWLdM设计水线

2、龙骨线DdFdABDFdM舷墙顶线龙骨板甲板甲板边线首垂线尾垂线基线设计水线基线LBAW 水线面积系数是与基平面相平行的任一水线面的面积AW与由船长L和型宽B所构成的长方形面积之比，即BLACWwpBdAM 舯横剖面积系数CM舯剖面在水线以下的面积AM与由设计水线宽B和吃水d所构成的长方形面积之比，即dBACMMdLBdBLCB 舯方形系数CB船体在水线以下的排水体积与由船长L、设计水线宽B和吃水d所构成的长方形体体积之比，即ddLAMAMLACMP纵向棱形系数CP船体在水线以下的排水体积与由船长L、舯横剖面积AM所构成的棱柱体体积之比，即BdLAWdACWVP 棱垂向形系数CVP船体在水线以

3、下的排水体积与由相对应的水线面面积AW和吃水d所构成的棱柱体体积之比，即1-2 船体型线图与型值表船体型线图与型值表 船体型线图所表示的船体外船体型线图所表示的船体外表称为船体型外表。表称为船体型外表。 留意！留意！ 钢船、铝船体的型外表为外钢船、铝船体的型外表为外板的内外表；水泥船、木质船和板的内外表；水泥船、木质船和玻璃钢船的型外表为船壳的外外玻璃钢船的型外表为船壳的外外表。表。1横剖线图横剖线图平行于中站面的一组平行于中站面的一组横剖面；横剖面；2半宽水线图半宽水线图平行于基线面的一平行于基线面的一组程度剖面；组程度剖面；3纵剖线图纵剖线图平行于中线面的一组平行于中线面的一组纵剖面。纵剖

4、面。361028410244001312300200100142223151610191821172080060070050011001000900A1300140012001550-1-23610284-1-28850纵剖850纵剖cBLL 是船舶性能计算和建造的主要根据。为防止图纸的伸缩变形，长期保管船型的重要数据需求给出船体型值表。单位: mm舷边折角线100200300400500600700800900100011001200130014001500内外0-2138.62207.72245.62277.02306.22334.02360.12385.5-2399.01-2215.32

5、251.02283.62314.22344.12374.02404.22434.6-2451.12-1102.42231.32259.92287.02315.42344.82374.52404.32434.12464.0-2480.23-454.61098.01912.02261.12283.82308.42335.72364.02392.62421.42450.12479.0-2494.54-399.7965.71516.72256.32280.92303.12327.32353.92381.22408.72436.32463.92491.6-2506.65-511.01076.61641.

6、82272.42295.42319.02343.02369.22396.32423.42450.62477.72504.8-2519.6644.8622.11183.11735.32288.12310.72333.92358.22384.22410.72437.32464.02490.62517.3-2102.82277.42532.07166.0730.51276.61817.02302.42325.62349.32373.72398.72424.22449.82475.52501.32527.1-2112.22287.72541.38271.1827.41375.51907.22315.5

7、2338.32362.02385.82410.52435.52460.62485.62510.72535.8-2121.72298.12549.99361.9905.11448.41966.42328.62351.72374.82398.02421.12444.22467.32490.52513.62536.7-2128.82308.22550.010507.9967.81491.02005.62339.32362.52384.62406.62428.42450.22472.02493.72515.52537.2-2136.12317.72550.011526.31015.41523.0203

8、0.52345.22366.52387.82409.12430.52451.82473.12494.42515.72537.0-2146.02324.22550.012501.3978.21455.01931.82350.82371.32387.82408.92430.02451.02472.12493.22514.32535.3-2155.42329.72550.013469.0913.51358.11802.62330.82353.22374.22396.832419.42442.12464.72487.32509.92532.5-2152.32320.82550.014431.7837.

9、71242.81647.62051.62334.32351.12376.42401.72427.12452.42477.72503.12528.4-2141.82302.22549.915397.6770.71143.81516.91890.02287.32314.62343.72372.82401.82430.92460.02489.02518.1-2113.12270.42544.816336.2651.4972.31303.01656.82230.92246.62278.52310.32342.12374.02405.82437.72469.52501.42058.12212.02501

10、.417255.9514.1789.71067.41362.91702.92106.62145.92185.22224.52263.42303.12342.42381.72421.01929.52080.72423.818154.5343.4543.0748.0964.61209.61745.11794.21843.31892.51941.61990.72039.92089.02138.11618.81742.12146.01927.7111.6219.8345.0488.5663.6857.21150.21232.01313.81395.51477.31559.11640.91722.710

11、23.81123.51742.120-86.9171.7316.6432.2547.8663.4779.1894.91010.3195.1233.01047.821-134.5284.3-345.621-站号舭部折角线半 宽 值水 线某万吨级货轮型值表1200240036004800600072008400960010800水线水线水线水线水线水线水线水线水线0-496230539804983659269391275573801954109715833320486563867238843287072471143420452553321042385804697430988708949596903

12、68026913724463856326745784485689261962710040101604-444958046860774385179150955999051007010200102005-64127691847790639496982510011101521020010200102006-8188910195559830100161013310183102001020010200102007-937898921008810175102001020010200102001020010200102008-98091017110200102001020010200102001020010

13、20010200102009-99581020010200102001020010200102001020010200102001020010-99581020010200102001020010200102001020010200102001020011-98771019010200102001020010200102001020010200102001020012-96101006610200102001020010200102001020010200102001020013-914897229958100751013510182102001020010200102001020014-83

14、8490499418966998479967100401010610146102001020015-72397976842987759005926794169600973199591006116-5634643869307295758278238015828185339169-17-3764452049845333559858596083644188218027899918-2000265030403320354037303960435049208560814019-950152019202140222019501850229028104850657020-130720123014891408

15、84039042057025704220半宽值基线站号上甲板舷墙与首楼单位: mm某万吨级货轮型值表 (续表)1200360060008400纵剖线纵剖线纵剖线纵剖线07555922612525-1388014980152917370918613490135861468628655343735010142133251442532082242521879401310314203413680260658041291914019521369423463127661386662292261398126401374072285446112540138408228541691246213562922854

16、99124071350710228549912400135001122854114124521355212228542631245113645132285455212671137721422879222212837139351522843035101305414154162179164010181133421445417201020784014445136871600518530625012800-13900162401916501220015850-1425016600站号舷墙与首楼高度值上甲板单位: mmCx0DGFEdllcx1x2x3xx-1xny1y0ynyn-1y3y2-a0a1a

17、n-1a2- 10021yya1210 ncCDdaaaaA niinnnnnnnndccCDdynLyyyyyynLyyyynLyyyyaaaaxyA001101101101210221212121dnyy 021Cy2y1EDyy3Lxdxlxel)(xfy y2210)(xaxaaxfy3202210322d)(dlalaxxaxaaxysllll1-5Cy2y1EDyy3Lxdxlxel)(xfy y321yyys1-6当x= l时，y1=a0-a1l+a2l2当x= 0时，y2=a0当x= +l时，y3=a0+a1l+a2l2)()()()(210221002210allaalala

18、aalalaas）320322lala)()()(210allaa3/202llll34,31解联立方程得)4(31321yyys)4(S.M.)4(6321321yyyLyyyLs令令L为底边长度，为底边长度，L=2l，上式成为，上式成为Cx0DGFEdllcx1x2x3x x-2x ny1y0y ny n-1y3y2-s1s n-1s3-x x-1y4x4efyxnnnyyyyyyylS 1232104242431(1-10)留意留意: 等分数等分数 n 必需是偶必需是偶数数! nnnyyyyyyyLS12321042424S.M.(1-11) nnnyyyyyyylS2122221321

19、23210实践计算总面积可写成：实践计算总面积可写成： nnnyyyyyyyLS2122221S.M.2123210332210)(xaxaxaaxfy4321yyyyS320332210322d)(dlalaxxaxaxaaxySllll1-121-13Cy2y1EDy3y4hlxolFlhyL当 x=+h 时，3322101hahahaay当 x=h 时，3322101hahahaay当 x=h/3 时，33221022719131hahahaay当 x=h/3 时，33221022719131hahahaay将上述个将上述个y 值代入到值代入到1-13式，整理后式，整理后得到：得到：)2

20、71271()9191()3131()(332210hahahaaS1-140271271329191031312hh解联立方程lhlh89438341lhlh83418943)33(834321yyyyls)33(S.M.)33(843214321yyyyLyyyyLs1-151-16)33233(837654321yyyyyyylS)33233(S.M.7654321yyyyyyyLS16S.M.1-151-17 在详细计算时，通常采表格方式进展，或用进展计算。这个公式同样适用于求体积、静矩和惯性矩的计算。)332233(833233210nnnnyyyyyyyylS)332233(S.M

21、.3233210nnnnyyyyyyyyLSCEDy0y1y2llxyS0-1S1-21-19曲线曲线CD下的总面积：下的总面积：)85(12121010yyylS)58(12121021yyylS)4(312102110yyylSS 【 5，8，1 】 法只适用于求面法只适用于求面积积CEDy0y1y2llxyS0-1S1-21-20)103(241210210yyylM 【 3，10，1 】法只适用于求静】法只适用于求静矩矩 上式是面积 S0-1 对纵坐标 y0 的静矩。面积 S1-2对纵坐标 y2 的静矩为：)310(241210221yyylM 在详细计算时，根据实践曲线的外形，可将【

22、 5，8，-1 】法和【 3，10，-1 】法与辛浦生第一、二法相互结合起来运用。x0 x2x3x5x 1/2y1y0y 5y 6y3y2x6y4x4x 3/2x1y0=1589.7y1/2=2040.5y1= 2319.6y3/2=2483.8y2= 2602.6 y3= 2733.6y4= 2818.4y5= 2867.9y6= 2898.9 l= 3000mmx0 x2x3x5x 1/2y1y0y 5y 6y3y2x6y4x4x 3/2x165432104242431yyyyyyylSOB)4.04.0(2425)58(121)33(83)85(1216543216545432321yy

23、yyyylyyylyyyylyyylSCBx0 x2x3x5x 1/2y1y0y 5y 6y3y2x6y4x4x 3/2x1)424232221(31654322/312/10yyyyyyyyylSOB)424(31)424(61654322112/1021yyyyylyyyyylSOBy 值(1)(2)(3)(1)(2)(3)(mm)坐标系数坐标系数坐标系数曲线OB曲线CB曲线OB1/22040.5240811 1/22483.82496801589.711/2159079512319.642/519279928232022602.6211 1/252052603390432733.6414

24、1093527341093542818.421256372818563752867.94141147228681147262898.912/51289911602899470151311047009面积(mm2)470153864096852647008821l(mm):3000序号Excel 电子计算表格电子计算表格yx水线半宽辛氏系数面积函数力臂函数静矩函数惯性矩函数惯性矩函数y(m)S.M.(II)(III)x(IV)(V)(V)(VI)(III)(VIII)IIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIX001/20-5000016.3212.6-4-50.4201.6250.0500.128

25、.618.6-3-25.877.4636.1636.139.2218.4-2-36.873.6778.71557.449.419.4-1-9.49.4830.6830.659218000729.01458.068.118.118.18.1531.4531.476.7213.4226.853.6300.8601.584.614.6313.841.497.397.392.424.8419.276.813.827.6100.21/20.150.52.50.00.098-54544.46240.1站号y3表1-5 【例3 】计算表格niinynLyyynLS121)(1-24 S=p(y1+y2+y3

26、)1-25三、乞贝雪夫法三、乞贝雪夫法y2y1y3eglLl-x1x2x1 假定用三次抛物线替代曲线CD，即y=a0+a1x+a2x2+a3x3式中：a0，a1，a2， a3为常数，曲线CD下面积将由积分公式给出：230332210322d)(dallaxxaxaxaaxySllll1-26所设的三次抛物线在E、F和G三点有 x=x1 时， y1=a0a1x1a2x12a3x13 x= x0 时， y2=a0 x= x1 时， y3=a0a1x1a2x12a3x13将上式代入1-25式，得 S=p(3a02a2x12)=3pa02px12a2由于式1-26与式1-27代表同一面积，故两式中的a

27、0、a2各项系数应分别相等，即32132223lpxlpllxlp7071. 021321解联立方程由此得曲线CD下的面积1-27y3y-2y1y2y4y-3y-1y0y-4x-2x2x4x-3x-1x0 x-4llLx3x1)(32321yyylS或)(3321yyyLS1-291-28对于n =212时的纵坐标位置书表1-10niinnynLyyyynLS1121)(1-30对于n个纵坐标的乞贝雪夫公式为采用不等间距的纵坐标和不同的乘数niiinnypLypypypLydxS12211)(1-30 高斯法具有比辛浦生法或乞贝雪夫法更为准确的优点，如五个纵坐标的高斯法可到达九个纵坐标的辛浦生

28、法或九个纵坐标的乞贝雪夫法的同样精度。四、高斯法四、高斯法式中：L曲线底边总长；n 纵坐标数；y i 不等间距的纵坐标值；pi 纵坐标前的乘数；l底边半长。y0y1y2y3y4/12/6 /4 /3y= t g x1准确解22064. 0coslndtg3/03/ 0 xxxS坐标号横坐标(x)纵坐标(y)梯形乘数( T . M .)面积函数000.000001/20.000001pi/120.2679510.267952pi/60.5773510.577353pi/41.0000011.000004pi/31.732051/20.866032.711332梯形法22594. 071133.

29、212)22(dtg432103/ 0yyyyylxxS3辛浦生第二法坐标号横坐标(x)纵坐标(y)辛氏乘数(S.M.)面积函数000.0000010.000001pi/120.2679541.071802pi/60.5773521.154703pi/41.0000044.000004pi/31.7320511.732057.9585522107. 095855. 71231)424(31d tg432103/ 0yyyyylxxSy= t g x0.37454(/6)0.83250(/6)/3/64乞贝雪夫法NoImage22056. 030837. 35/35d tg513/ 0iiyLx

30、xS3高斯法NoImage22064. 066192. 03d tg513/ 0iiiypLxxS五、添加中间坐标五、添加中间坐标 和端点坐标修正和端点坐标修正y0y1y2y3y4y5543211/2T)42423221(3)424(3)4(6543212/105432112/1050yyyyyyyTyyyyyTyyyTydzST1. 1.添加中间坐标添加中间坐标LLLy0普通用目测，使梯形oBCD面积=曲线下oACB的面积。2. 2. 端点坐标修正端点坐标修正 1 1船体曲线在端船体曲线在端点上点上 用目测，使三角形DEG面积与曲线下DCG的面积相等，EF平行于DA，DF就是坐标修正值y0。

31、 2船体曲线超越了端点船体曲线超越了端点LLy0y0y1y2Ly0y1 用目测，使三角形ABD面积与曲线下ABC的面积相等，DF平行于BE，EF就是坐标修正值y0。 3船体曲线不到端点船体曲线不到端点面积ABE=Ly1 /2面积BED=面积AEF =Ly0 /2根据三角形ABE与三角形EFD类似,可以证明:那么面积ABD=L(y1 - y0 )/2Tyoy1yoyo(a)(b)(c)(d)TTT 用梯形法进展有关横剖面计算时，剖面底部的坐标值也应给予适当修正，其原理与上述方法一样。用梯形法修正横剖面的计算用梯形法修正横剖面的计算六、积分曲线特性六、积分曲线特性y2y1y1dxdy1y2yxG(

32、a)(b)(c)xyyd1xyyd12B1B2xGy2y1y1dxdy1y2yxG(a)(b)(c)xyyd1xyyd12B1B2cAxy0d常数 xxyxy01d)(xfy 原曲线导数曲线一次积分曲线/面积曲线y2y1y1dxdy1y2yxG(a)(b)(c)xyyd1xyyd12B1B2 xxyxy01dxyyd/d1 原曲线在x轴上的交点对应积分曲线的极大值或极小值即在o和c 两点导数变号dy1 /dx=0 。0dd212xydxyd 原曲线的极大值或极小值对应积分曲线的拐点M ，即在该点有：0ddxyy2y1y1dxdy1y2yxG(a)(b)(c)xyyd1xyyd12B1B2P1Q1Q2P2 原曲线的二次积分曲线oP2B2称为静矩曲线 xxxxxyxyy00012ddd)(dddd1222xyxyxyy2y1y1dxdy1y2yxG(a)(b)(c)xyyd1xyyd12B1B2P1Q1Q2P2 静矩曲线的二次导数曲线是原曲线y2y1y1dxdy1y2yxG(a)(b)(c)xyyd1xyyd12B1B2P1Q1Q2P2 原曲线原曲线oPc下的下的面积对经过面积对经过c点的纵点的纵坐标坐标cB的静矩的静矩M0等等于其积分曲