英语句子成分

1、英语句子成分学习目标1.了解并掌握基本句子成分.2.培养学生运用语言能力。展示点拨（一）定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（ ）We

2、 often speak English in class.（ ）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（ ）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（ ）Smoking does harm to the health.（ ）The rich should help the poor.（ ）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（ ）It is necessary to master a foreign

3、language（ ）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, loo

4、k, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（ ）Is it yours?（ ）The weather has turned cold.（ ）The speech is exciting.（ ）Three times seven is twenty one?（ ）His job is to teach English.（ ）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（ ）The machine mu

5、st be out of order.（ ）Time is up. The class is over.（ ）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（ ）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（ ）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（ ）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（ ）They

6、 helped the old with their housework yesterday.（ ）He pretended not to see me.（ ）I enjoy listening to popular music.（ ）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（ ）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一

7、个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：His father named him Dongming.（ ）They painted their boat white.（ ）Let the fresh air in.（ ）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（ ）We saw her entering the room.（ ）We found everything in the lab in good orde

8、r.（ ）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（ ）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（ ）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（ ） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（ ）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（ ）Our monit

9、or is always the first to enter the classroom.（ ）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（ ）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（ ）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.（ ）He has lived in the city for ten years.（ ）He is proud to ha

10、ve passed the national college entrance examinatio（ ）He is in the room making a model plane.（ ）Once you begin, you must continue.（ ）牛刀小试：一、划分句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. Th

11、ey went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.当堂检测1.I am sorry to have kept you _. 

12、60;     A.  wait     B. to wait      C. waiting     D. waited 2.She found her dog _over by a car on the road.      A. run           B. ran     &#

13、160;      C. to run          D. running3. Rose is going to have her hair _.     A. do   B. done    C. did    D. doing 4. She felt somebody _her.    A. touched      B. tou

14、ches   C. touch   D. to touch5. She taught him _speak English.     A. how   B. how could he    C. how he could   D. how to 6.He didnt enjoy the play because he _.      A. was boring  B. bored   &

15、#160;C. was bored   D. boring 7.I will make your dream _.         A. comes true  B. to come true    C. coming truly     D. come true8.He warned _home .   A. us to not go    B. us not to go&#

16、160;   C. we not go    D. us not go 9. Canned food does not go _.    A. bed easily       B. badly easy    C. bad easy  D. badly easily10.The sad news kept her _all the night.      A. awake   B. waken

17、 C. wake     D. to wake 拓展提高 高考链接1.I think _a bad habit to get up late .        A. that    B. it    C. this  D. its 2.He found his money _.        A. steal    B. stealing  C.

18、stolen     D. to steal 3.Roses in bloom smell _.       A. sweetly      B. sweet    C. sweeten   D. sweetness4.We must have the machine _.       A. to repair    B. repairing

19、60;     C. repair    D. repaired 5.She was lying in the sofa _a book.    A. reading    B. read    C. to read     D. to reading 6.A television set will keep us _of the news of the day.     A. inform  &

20、#160;       B. to inform            C. informed         D. informing7.The speaker found himself _all alone.    A. left     B. leave  C. leaving  D. to leave8.The speaker found himself _.&#