选修7 Unit5UsingLanguage

1、Part Learning about Language, Using Language 重点词语解读重点词语解读 (学生用书学生用书P87)1.apology n道歉，谢罪道歉，谢罪 make an apology to sb. for sth.因因某事某事向某向某人人道歉道歉owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉应向某人道歉in apology for为为辩护辩护apologize to sb. for (doing) sth.因因(做做)某事某事向某人道歉向某人道歉apologize to sb that. 向某人道歉向某人道歉 (1)We should offer our

2、apologies for the delay to your flight today. (2)Im afraid I was rather bad-tempered yesterday; I think I owe you an apology. (3)He made an apology to me for breaking the glass.=He apologize to me for breaking the glass. 2day in and day out日复一日，天天Day in and day out, no matter what the weather is lik

3、e, she walks ten miles.她不管天气如何，每天总是步行十英里。拓展：the other day几天前day and night日日夜夜day by day一天一天地day after day 日复一日have a day off请一天假every other day每隔一天3parallel adj.平行的；相同的；类似的be parallel with.与与平行平行be parallel to.和和类似类似This highway is parallel to/with the railway.这条高速公路和那条铁路平行。These two countries start

4、ed the war with parallel motives and aims.这两个国家因为相同的动机和目标而发起了战争。My opinion is parallel to yours.我的意见和你的类似。Stamp collecting and coin collecting are parallel hobbies.集邮和收集硬币是相似的爱好。4In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel.在高原地区有个的的喀喀湖，这是世界上海拔最高

5、的湖，湖上可以行船。(1)本句主句采用了完全倒装形式，正常语序为： Lake Titicaca is in the high plains area .Round the cormer of the street is a flower shop.在街道拐角处有一家花店。语法拓展语法拓展在英语中，把谓语动词放到主语之前的倒装句，成为完全倒装。在英语中，把谓语动词放到主语之前的倒装句，成为完全倒装。常见的完全倒装有以下几种：常见的完全倒装有以下几种：(1)英语中地点状语放句首英语中地点状语放句首,主语为名词且位于为不及物动词时，主语为名词且位于为不及物动词时，用完全倒装用完全倒装eg. On t

6、he wall hangs a beautiful picture.(2) here, there, 引导的句子中引导的句子中, 谓语动词常用谓语动词常用be, exist, live, lie等表状态的动词时，用完全倒装句。等表状态的动词时，用完全倒装句。John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before. (3)表时间、地点和动作转移的表时间、地点和动作转移的副词副词here， there，now, then, up, down, in, out, off, over,away, round,等位于句首时，其后

7、也等位于句首时，其后也用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。如：词。如：Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。赛跑选手们跑远了。Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。飞机盘旋着。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。下雨了，伞都撑起来了。这类倒装句的主语也只能是名词，若主语为代词，则不用倒装。这类倒装句的主语也只能是名词，若主语为代词，则不用倒装。如：如：Away he went.

8、他跑远了。他跑远了。 Down it came. 它掉了下来。它掉了下来。（4）把作）把作表语表语的形容词、分词或介词短语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首，置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。如：句中主语和谓语完全倒装。如：Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：语保持一致。比较：In the box w

9、as a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。箱子里是一只猫。In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。箱子里是一些猫。5abundant adj.丰富的；充裕的；大量的丰富的；充裕的；大量的be abundant in sth. =be rich insth. .丰富，富于丰富，富于Our country is abundant in natural resources.我国自然资源丰富。我国自然资源丰富。The south of China has abundant rainfall.中国南方雨量充足。This area of the country is abundan

10、t with bird life.这个国家的这个地区盛产鸟类。The timely snow suggests an abundant year.瑞雪兆丰年。We have abundant proof of his crime.我们有足够的证据证明他有罪。 辨析：abundant与plentiful (1)abundant“(数量)充足的”。常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等，含有“过多”之义。 (2)plentiful“丰富的，充足的”。常用于食物、收获、财产等，不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。 Cheap goods are abundant in this part of the world

11、. 在世界这个地区，廉价商品很多。 Plentiful rainfall is good for the growth of plants. 充足的雨水对植物的生长有利。6govern vi. & vt.统治(国家等)；支配；管理The law of supply and demand governs the prices of the goods.供求规律决定商品的价格。In Britain, the Queen reigns, but elected representatives of the people govern the country.在英国，女王是君主而管理国家的却是民选的代

12、表。government n.政府；管理governor n.总督；州长7.It is a popular tourist destination as it is close to the famous Inca ruins of the city of Machu Picchu.这里是旅游热点，因为它里著名的马丘比丘城印加遗址很近。用法分析本句是主从复合句，as 引导的原因状语从句，其语气不如because强，通常为附加说明的理由，且是已知晓的原因，主句与从句没有逻辑上的因果关系。as作从属连词用时，可以引导五种状语从句。现归纳如下： （1） as表示“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句，多强调

13、主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生，从句可放在主句前，也可放在主句后。例如： As I waited at the stop， I heard a big noise. 当我在车站等车的时候，我听到一个很大的声响。 She rose up as he entered. 当他进来时，她站了起来。 (2) as表示“因为”、“由于”，引导原因状语从句，其语气不如because强，通常为附加说明的理由，且是已知晓的原因，主句与从句没有逻辑上的因果关系。例如： As she was not well, I went there alone. 因为她身体不好，所以我独自到那里去了。 As he is a

14、tailor, he knows what to do with this material. 由于他是个裁缝，他知道怎样利用这块布料。 (3) as表示“虽然但是”，引导让步状语从句，从句通常用倒装语序，把从句的表语、状语或动词原形放在as前面，可以用though替代。例如： Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他是个孩子，但他知道的东西很多。 Hard as it was raining， they went on working in the field. 虽然天下大雨，但他们继续在田地里干活。 (4)as表示“按照”、“依照”、“像”，引导方式状语从句，

15、从句置于主句之后。例如： You should do as the teacher tells you.你应当依照老师所说的去做。 The absence of air also explains why the stars do not seem to twinkle in space as they do from the earth. 空气的不存在，也说明了为什么在空中星星看来并不闪烁，而不像从地球上看的那样。 (5) as表示“像一样”，引导比较状语从句，对主句和从句的动作或状态加以比较，说明它们之间有相似之处，在从句中常省略与主句相同的部分。例如： He doesnt work as

16、 hard as I (do). 他不像我工作那样努力。 I hope the necklace was as good as the one you lent me.我希望我挂项链同你借给我的一样好。 8out of the question不可能的；不值得讨论的 拓展： out of question 毫无疑问/没问题 in question讨论中的；有疑问的 without question毫无疑问 beyond question 毋庸置疑 There is no question of . 是不可能的 Some of these families are so poor that Ch

17、ristmas presents are out of the question. 有些家庭很穷，因此要买圣诞礼物是不可能的。 The boy had no money, so it was out of the question for him to go to the movies. 这个男孩没钱，因此去看电影是不可能的。 He is without question the bringtest student in the school. 毫无疑问他是学校里最聪明的学生。 9settle in(迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来；(帮助)适应(或习惯于)新环境(或新工作等) 拓展： sett

18、le down 定居；安顿下来 settle sb.down使某人安静下来；平静下来 settle down to (ding) sth.静下心做 settle on 选定；决定 settle up 结账 It will take us another week to settle in.我们再过一个星期才能安顿下来。They havent settled on their babys name yet.他们尚未决定他们孩子的名字。He decided to settle down there for the night.他打算在那儿落脚过夜。He settled down to doing

19、his homework.他安下心来做作业。 .单项填空 1In front of the teaching building _ a tall tree. Astand Bstands Clie Dlies 答案与解析：B考查倒装句。此时确定主语非常重要，主语决定谓语动词的单复数。此题主语是a tall tree，首先排除A和C；a tall tree是高出地面的东西，用lie不合适。句意：教学楼前有一棵高大的树。 2Prices are very much _ by market demand. Aruled Bgoverned Creigned Dcharged 答案与解析：Bgover

20、n是“影响；支配”的意思，相当于influence或control；rule作“统治；治理(国家)”讲时与govern是同义词，但rule没有“影响，支配”的意思；reign仅指“君临”，在此不合题意；charge做动词有“赋予职责(或任务)”的意思，但意思和用法均不符合此题要求。句意：价格在很大程度上取决于市场需要。 3It is said that in that family there is more money than the housewife knows _. Ain what to do with Bwhat to do it with Cwhat to do with it

21、 Dto do what with it 答案与解析：Cknow后接疑问词to do不定式作宾语，what作do的宾语，it指代money，作with的宾语。 4They only moved here last week and havent _ yet. Asettled down Bsettled in Csettled up Dsettled on 答案与解析：B句意：他们上周才搬过来，还没有安顿下来。settle in(迁入新居后)安顿下来；settle down“定居下来”；settle up“付清”；settle on“同意；决定”。 5Fruit and vegetables

22、grew _ on this island. Ato abundance Bin abundance Cof abundance Dfrom abundance 答 案 与 解 析 ： B 考 查 固 定 搭 配 。 i n abundance是固定短语，意思是“大量的，丰富的”。句意：这个岛上有大量的蔬菜和水果。 6The course normally attracts 200 students per year, _ up to half are from overseas. Ain which Bfor whom Cwith which Dof whom 答案与解析：D此空填of whom，意即(在200名学生中)其中一半是来自海外的。 7Margaret was, _， a very beautiful woman. She was so attractive that she was l