船舶狭水道航行须知

1、船舶狭水道航行须知Narrow Channel navigation Instruction1. 总则General Rule1.1. 狭水道是指相对水深或水道相对宽度较小的航道，狭水道内，航道狭窄弯曲，水浅滩多，还有暗礁，沉船或渔栅等障碍物，水文气象条件多变，船舶交通密集，为了确保狭水道内航行安全，必须经常研究和掌握该水道的地理特点及水文气象条件，加强了望并谨慎驾驶，避免发生碰撞和触浅的事故。Narrow channel means the waterway with small relative water depth or small relative breadth of channe

2、l. In narrow channel, waterway is narrow and curved, shallow, many shoal. There is redge, wreck, fishing stakes and other obstacle. Hydrometeors are changeable. Heavy traffic. To ensure safe navigation in narrow channel, should often research and know well the hydrometeors and geographical character

3、 and reinforce look out, steer prudently, avoid colliding and grounding.2. 狭水道中的操船要点Key points for steering in narrow channel2.1. 水道的全面调查。Full check for channel2.1.1. 掌握狭水道水域附近的地形地貌，狭水道内可航水域的水文情况等。Being mastery the terrains and landforms near the channel, the hydrologic regime of navigable water are

4、a in narrow channel2.1.2. 掌握狭水道助航标志的系统。Mastery navigation-assistance mark system in narrow channel.2.1.3. 掌握狭水道附近的风浪等自然情况，并配以风压差。Mastery wind, wave and other natural condition near the narrow channel coordinated by wind pressure difference2.1.4. 掌握狭水道内的船舶交通状况。Mastery of traffic condition in narrow c

5、hannel2.2. 行驶在计划航线上。Sail on the scheduled route.2.2.1. 航线的设计，只要安全可行，应尽量靠近本船航行的右侧水道或航道的外缘。If it is safe, designed route should close to the right waterway of own ship or waterways outer edge.2.2.2. 选用大比例尺海图，进入该海区航段之前，二副应将海图改正到最近、最新。Large scale chart should be used. Before entering into this maritime

6、zone, second officer should amend the chart to the latest, up to date edition.2.2.3. 为了随时查验本船是否行驶在计划航线上，采用的导航方法有浮标导航、岸标导航、单标方位导航等。For checking if ship is on the scheduled route, buoy navigation, landmark navigation, single mark navigation should be used as navigation way.2.2.4. 为防止船舶相对于计划航线偏离过远而发生危险

7、的避险法，可用物标方位线避险法、距离圈避险法等。To prevent ship deviate from scheduled route too much to be in dangerous, object bearing line avoiding dangerous, distance circle avoiding dangerous should be used.2.2.5. 准确掌握转向点根据船舶所受风、流情况，正确选择转向依据的转向时的船位，按所处的地理环境的弯势等适当用车用舵，使船驶于新的航线上。Accurately mastery the turn point based o

8、n the bearing wind and current, use engine and helm appropriately based on geographical bend and make the ship sail in new route.3. 狭水道中操船时的注意事项Guidelines for maneuvering in narrow channel3.1. 随时确认船位，注意是否偏离航线。大风浪、急流中的航道浮标时有移位的可能，用来导航时应多方参照而不可盲目相信。Check vessels position momentarily and heed deviation

9、 or not. Because the buoy in rushing current waterway in high wind and wave maybe move, Don not depend on buoy signs categorically. Should find more information to navigate as reference.3.2. 根据情况需要适时备车，作好抛锚准备，必要时需不间断测深。Navigate with the standing by engine and make two anchors ready if needed. If nec

10、essary, incessantly measure.3.3. 通过浅滩或呷角时，不可作不必要的靠近或为了贪图近便而走切角的路线，并应估计船舶富余水深不足时，最好选满潮时通过，必要时应降速航行以减少尾倾，尽量避免在该水域追越他船。When cross shoal, should not unnecessarily approach it. If estimated draft margin in not enough, should pass it in full tide. If necessary, should reduce speed to decrease squatting. N

11、o overtaking in narrow channel.3.4. 在转向时，须估计到船舶的旋回圈及船舶在旋回过程中所受到水流的影响。When turn, should estimate the turn circle and influence by current during turning.3.5. 通过潮流比较强的水道时，应选好视程良好、交通量较少时平流时通过，以免陷入被动局面。When pass channel with strong tide and current, should pass with good visibility and light traffic to

12、avoid being trapped in passive position.3.6. 夜间或雾中驶于狭水道时，因视线较差应兼用雷达进行了望，尽可能给出有关碰撞危险的信息并将其显示出来，但仍应在确认附近实际情况之后才可进行避让操纵。When navigate in narrow channel at night or in fog, should use radar to help look out due to poor visibility. Possibly find the information related to collide and display them out. Bu

13、t should steer for keeping clear only after confirm actual situation nearby.3.7. 遇下雾或能见度不佳，不能很好辨清陆地上的物标，或对航行地区的情况感到没有把握时，应立即抛锚。In fog or poor visibility, If landmark can not be checked clearly or there in no confidence for the situation of navigating water area, should drop anchor immediately.3.8. 在

14、水流急湍的狭窄水道中航行，应尽量避免与它船在急转弯的地方相遇。In narrow channel with rushing current, possibly avoid meeting with other ship in hairpin turn.3.9. 在狭水道航行时，要注意会产生一种“岸吸”，当二船过份接近时，也会发生“船吸”的现象。During sailing in narrow channel, pay attention to bank suction, when two ships approach, pay attention ship suction3.10. 狭水道航行

15、中交接班，特别是夜间或视程不良时，接班驾驶员应提前上驾驶台，查阅海图，熟悉该航段的所有海区情况，并适应灯光背景，交班驾驶员应将当时所有观察到的情况详尽地介绍，在追越或转弯时，不准交接班。Handing/taking over duty during sailing in narrow channel, especially at night or poor visibility, taking over duty officer should arrive in bridge in advance, check chart, know well the condition of this le

16、g, adapt to light background. Handing over duty officer should introduce all the information observed to taking over duty officer. No handing/taking duty when overtaking or turning.4. 狭水道机舱操车注意事项Guidelines for engine in narrow channel4.1. 船舶在狭窄水道中航行，由于船舶经常变向机动操车，负荷变化大，动力装置工况随之改变。要求人员和设备进入备车状态，注意动力装置

17、各种参数的变化，及时调整，严禁主机在超负荷状况下和“临界转速”范围内工作，保证动力装置始终工作正常。同时注意车钟记录正确。In navigation in narrow channel, because ship need maneuvering, load often changes, the work condition of power equipment change accordingly. Need crew and set in stand by state, heed the change of parameter of power equipment, adjust in t

18、ime. It is prohibited that main engine work in overload and in critical revolution. Ensure power equipment work in normal condition and accurately fill in engine telegraph.4.2. 注意主机如下参数：各缸排烟温度及冷却淡水出口温度；滑油进机压力、温度；主轴承及推力轴承滑油温度；主机燃油压力及燃油温度；透平转速、扫气压力、扫气温度。Heeding the following parameters- Exhaust temper

19、atures of cylinder heads and inlet/outlet temperatures of cooling fresh water-Pressure and temperature of inlet LO-LO temperature of main bearings and thrust bearings-FO pressure and temperature of main engine-T/C RPM, scavenging pressure, scavenging temperature4.3. 检查主机运转时有无异响.Check the main engine

20、 on working for any abnormal noise.4.4. 检查和确认主机机旁操车位置转换、操纵设施良好，方法熟练，人员落实，特别要对控制空气系统的检查，定时放残水。Check and confirm operation the change-over function of the main engine local operation and operational accessory equipments in good order, ways skilled, crew putting into effect. Especially check air contro

21、l system and drain residual water at regular time.4.5. 巡查为主机服务的各种泵浦运转正常。Patrol and inspect the working pumps for main engine in good order.4.6. 主、副机燃油日用柜、燃油沉淀柜、压缩空气瓶等要加强放残水。Fuel oil service tanks for main/auxiliary engines, fuel oil settling tanks, compressed air bottles should be drained residual water more frequently.4.7. 注意副机运转工况、滑油油位，进机压力，温度等。保持足够的功率储备，必要时增加一台副机运行。Heed the work condition of auxiliary engine running, LO level, inlet pressure and temperature. Keep enough power reserve. If necessary, parallel another auxiliary