英语语法---比较级和最高级的用法

1、英语语法-比较级和最高级的 用法英语语法一比较级和最高级的用法在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词：在形容词或副词前力口 more(如 more natural,more clearly )或力口后缀 -er(newer,sooner )。典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系 的增加。英语句子中，将比较两个主体的方法叫做比 较句型”。其中，像“A比B更”的表达方式称为比 较级；而“A最”的表达方式则称为最高级。组成 句子的方式是将形容词或副词变化成比较级或最高级 的形态。一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1 . 一般单音节词和少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节 词，比较级在后面加-er

2、,最高级在后面加-est;(1)单音节词如 ：small f smaller f smallestf greaterf greatestshort - shorter - shortesttall f taller f tallest great(2)双音节词clever f cleverer f cleverestnarrow f narrower f narrowest2 .以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-J最高级在原级后加-st;如：large Targer Targestnice f nicer f nicest able fabler fablest3 .在重读闭音节（即：

3、辅音+元音+辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er,最高级加-est;如:big f bigger f biggest hot f hotter f hottest fat f fatter f fattest4 .以辅音字母+ y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;如 ：eas/f easier f easiestheavy - heavier - heaviestbusyf busier f busiesthappy - happier - happiest5 .其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more）最高级在前面加 most;如：beautif

4、ul f more beautiful f most beautiful different f more differentf most differenteasily f more easily f most easily注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用。例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.（2）形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.6.

5、有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规 则的，必须熟记。如：goodfbetter fbest well fbetter fbest badworseworst illfworseworstold f older/elder f oldest/eldest many/muc- more-> most littleless leastfar further/farther furthest/farthest二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1. “A + be形容词比较级 + than + B ”意思为“A 比B更”。如：This tree is taller than that o

6、ne. 这棵树比那 棵树高。注意： 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对 象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度强得 多”。如： A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.very, quite 一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较2 .比较级 + and +比较级”或“more and more + 原级”表示 越来越”如：It becomes warmer and warmer when springcomes.春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。It is getting cooler and cooler.天

7、气越来越凉爽。The wind became more and more heavily.风变得越来越大。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的学校变得越来越美丽。3 .在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选 择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高）Tim 还是 Tom?4 . “the比较级，the+比较级"，表示 越越”。The more money you make, the more you spend.钱你赚得越多，花得越多。The sooner, the

8、 better.越快越好。.A is5 .表示倍数的比较级用法:times the size /height/length/wiht of B.如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。（新楼是旧楼的四倍高） .A is times as big /high/long/wide/large as B. 如： Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。（亚洲比欧洲大三倍） .A is times larger/higher/longer/w

9、 ider than B.如： Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。6 .形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示 最,in句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three our class 等等。如：He is the tallest in our class.他在我们班里是最高的。7 ."否定词语+比较级"）"否定词语+ soas'结构 表示最高级含义。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier th

10、an this.=This is the easiest thing.8 .比较级与最高级的转换：Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other student inhis class7.修饰比较级和最高级的词1）可修饰比较级的词 .a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等。 .还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 .以上词（除

11、by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词 或副词的前面。注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围 内。（错）Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.（对）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2）下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost oThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与 much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.A

12、frica is the second largest continent.8 .要避免重复使用比较级。（错）He is more cleverer than his brother.（对）He is more clever than his brother.（对）He is cleverer than his brother.9 .要避免将主语含在比较对象中。（错）China is larger that any country in Asia.（对）China is larger than any other country Asia.10 .要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The p

13、opulation of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.11 .要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才 有可能有名词。比较： Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.inorShe is the taller of the two sisters.13三

14、.典型例题1) - Are you feeling?- Yes, I'm fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite goodD. quite better答案：B. any可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级， well的比较级为better.2) The experiment was easier than we hadexpected.A. more B. much more C. muchD. more much答案：C. much可修饰比较级，因此B, C都说得 通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需 more,因此C为 正确答案。3)

15、 If there were no examinations, we should have at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time答案：Do比较级和最高级的用法1 .两者相比(甲二乙)，用“as+级+as”表示 Tom is as tall as Mike.2 .两者相比(甲乙)，用"notas(so) +级+as"或"lessthan ”表示I didn ' t do my homework so（

16、as） carefully as you.The picture is less attractive than that one.3 .两者相比（甲乙），用 比较级+than”表示Our city is more beautiful than any other city in our country.注意：1）为了避免重复，在从句中常用one, that, those 等词来代替前面提过的名词。The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.The radios made in our factory are better than tho

17、se in your factory.2）比较等级应注意避免和包括自己的对象比。比较级+than+any other +单数名词Hl the other +复数名词Inyone elseany of the other + 复数名词3）如果形容词作定语修饰一个单数可数名词，一般将 不定冠词a/an放在形容词之后。Our neighbour has ours.A. as a big house asB. as big a house asC. the same big house asD. house the same big as4）比较级前一般不用冠词，但若表示 两者中较一 时”。比较级前要

18、加定冠词。若比较级后有名词，常在 比较级前加不定冠词，表示泛指E.g.他是两者中较高的一个He is the taller of the two.她唱得真动听！我可从未听过比这更好的嗓音了。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.4 .三者或三者以上相比，表示最高级时，用“the最 级”的结构表示，这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介 词短语。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works (the) hardest in his class.That was the l

19、east exciting football game I ' vever watched.This hotel is the most comfortable I' ve ever staye注意：当最高级的前面无限定词the或有不定冠词a/an 时，仅表示很，非常”Monday is my busiest day.星期一是我很忙的一天Qingdao is a most (very) beautiful coastal city.青岛是一个非常美丽的海滨城市。比较级的一些其他用法1倍数表示方法a） 倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+ asb） 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+thanc） 倍数 + the + n. + ofThis rope is three times longer than that one.（这条 Z 南子比那条长三倍。）This rope is three times as long as that one.（这条Z龟子 是那条绳子的三倍。）This rope is three times the length of that one.（这条 Z 南 子比那条绳子长三倍。）2用形容词比较级