宾语从句的引导词

1、宾语从句的引导词一、宾语从句：置于动词、介词等词性后面，在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾 语从句。 宾语从句分为三类： 动词的宾语从句， 介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语 从句。宾语从句过 "三关 "：时态，语序，连词。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序， 谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，形式后面都能带宾语从句，有些形容词 （afraid ， sure ，glad 等） 之后也可以带宾语从句。二、宾语从句中引导词的用法 在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有： 连词： that （that 常可省略 ）,whether, if 代词： who, whose, what ,which 副词： wh

2、en ,where, how, why 等。（ 一 ）that 引导的宾语从句 （ 在非正式场合 that 可以省略 ）可跟 that 从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose,see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command,f eel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare

3、, report 等。例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.（注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。 ）例句： I don 't think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中 that 不能省略1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由 that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个 that 可省， 但后面的 that 不可省。例句：

4、 He said （that） you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.2、当主句的谓语动词与 that 宾语从句之间有插入语时， that 一般不可省 例句： Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3、当 that 从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时， that 不可省。例句： I can &#

5、39;t tell him that his mother died. （注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子， that 引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部， 而用it 作形式宾语 。）例句： I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.（ 二 ） 由 whether,if 引导的宾语从句由 whether（if） 引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是 否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 一般说来，在宾语从句中 whether 与 if 可以互 换使用，但在特殊情况下 if 与 whether 是不能互换的。例句

6、： I wonder whether（if） they will come to our party. 只能用 whether ，不能用 if 引导的宾语从句1、在带 to 的不定式前例句： We decided whether to walk there.2、在介词的后面例句： I ' m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.3、在动词后面的宾语从句时例句： We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week4、直接与 or not 连用时例句： I can 

7、9;t say whether or not thet can come on time. 只能用 if 不能用 whether 引导的宾语从句1、if 引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”例句： The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.2、if 引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句： He asked if I didn ' t come to school yesterday.3、引导状语从句 even if（ 即使）和 as if（ 好象）时例句： He talks as if he has known all about it.（ 三

8、） 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 用于这种结构的动词常常是： see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise 等。英语中的连接代词有： who,whom,whose,which,what, 在句中担任 主语、 宾语、定 语或者表语 。例句： Can you tell me whom you are waiting

9、 for 英语中的连接副词有： when,where,why,how，在句中担任 状语 的成分。例句： None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.三、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序是 陈述句语序即：连接代词 / 副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句： Could you tell me when the train will leave四、宾语从句的时态1、主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句： The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2、主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某

10、种形式。例句： She was sorry that she hadn ' t finished her work on time.3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也 用一般现在时态。例句： The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.五、宾语从句的特点1、宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。2、宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。3、连接词 that 引导宾语从句在句中无词义， 不充当句子成份， 多数情况下可以 省略。4、whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从

11、句，但 whether 后可紧跟 or not;whether 从句可作介词的宾语。5、如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语 it 。【中考范例】1. Miss Green didn 't tell us in 2002.A. where does she live B. Where she livesC. where did she liveD. where she lived （北京市中考试题）【解析】答案： D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句 的语序和时态，所以应选 D。2. Would you please tell me （上海市徐汇区中考试题）A. when

12、did he come home B. where he would play footballC. if he had seen the film D. why he didn't watch the game【解析】答案： D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上 是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。3. I don 't know when .A. will the train leaveB. the train will leaveC. would the train leave D. the train leave （哈尔滨市中考试

13、 题）【解析】答案： B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有 B 在语序和 时态上符合要求。4. - We don't know .-It is said that he was born in Sweden.（常州市中考试题）A. what he isB. if he lives hereC. where he comes fromD. which country is he from【解析】答案 : C 。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知： 他们说的是某人是哪里人。 A和 B可以排除掉。 D 的语序不对，只有 C正确、选择填空。)1. What did Mik

14、e say He said .A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fineD. summer comes after spring)2. Tom asked my friend .A. where was he fromB. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry)3. Let me tell you .A.how muchi s the car B.how

15、much does the car costC.how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car)4. Peter knew .A. whether he has finished reading the bookB. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a yearD. when they will leave for Paris)5. Could you tell me A. where do you liveB. who you a

16、re waiting forC. who were you waiting for D. where you live in )6. She told me the sun in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen)7. I can't understand the boy alone.A. why she leftB. why did she leaveC. why she had left D. why had she left)8. I don't know up so early last Sunday.A. w

17、hy did he get B. why he getsC. why does he get D. why he got)9. The manager came up to see .A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what the matter is D. what's the matter ( ) 10. He asked his father .A. where it happens B. where did it happenC. how it happened D. how did it happen二、将下面的

18、句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1. “These flowers are from Guangdong. ” Tom said.Tom said these flowers from Guangdong.2. “Light travels faster than sound.” My teacher told Mark.My teacher told Mark light faster than sound.3. “There will be a meeting in five days.” Jack didn 't know.Jack didn 't know there

19、 _ _a meeting in five days.4. “Can they speak French ” I want to know.I want to know French.5. “Are the children playing games” Tell me.Tell me the children games.6. “Have you finished your homework yet” Mr. Guo asked Sun Jia.Mr. Guo asked Sun Jia _ homework yet.7. How many people can you see in the

20、 picture Who knows Who knows in the picture8. Where did she park her car Do you know Do you know her car9. “What does he often talk about” Nancy wondered.Nancy wondered often about.10. Who knocked at the door so loudly I don't know.I don ' t know at the door so loudly.三、用合适的连接词填空。1. Jim told

21、 me he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon. (how, why)2. Do you know else is going to be on duty today(who, whom)3. She said it wouldn't matter much. (that, if )4. He always thinks he can do better.（how, who ）5. I really don't know the bridge will be finished.（how long,how soon）6. They

22、 don't know to go or wait.（if, whether ）7. We are talking about we ' ll go back tomorrow.（whether, if ）8. I was really surprised at I saw.（ where, what ）9. I don't know so many people are looking at him.（how, why ）10. Do you know you are studying for（why, what ）四、句型转换。1. “ Do you want to try it” Tom's mother asked him. （同义句） Tom's mother asked him to try it.2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） I this a good i