句子成分和五种基本句型

1、练习练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型1. 太阳升起来了。太阳升起来了。(rise)2. 她喜欢看书。她喜欢看书。3. 他的脸红了。他的脸红了。(turn red)4. 我给他看我的照片。我给他看我的照片。5. 他们把门漆成绿色。他们把门漆成绿色。(paint)练习练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型1. 太阳从东方升起来了。太阳从东方升起来了。(rise)2. 她喜欢看书。她喜欢看书。3. 他的脸红了。他的脸红了。(turn red)4. 我给他看我的照片。我给他看我的照片。5. 他们把门漆成绿色。他们把门漆成绿色。(paint)

2、The sun has risen in the east.She enjoys reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the door green.组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：1. 主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人” ， “ 什么事”.通常由名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词来充当.1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing footba

3、ll after school is great fun.主谓宾 定状补表2.谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词动词充当.1.they 1.they workwork very hard. very hard.2.Tom 2.Tom feelsfeels much better now. much better now. ( (系动词系动词: :表示状态表示状态, ,后面往往接形容词后面往往接形容词 is ,am, are is ,am, are seem ,get,turn, sound, smell, look, taseseem ,get,turn, sound, smell, l

4、ook, tase, become), become)情态动词和助动词不能不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They They can speakcan speak English well. English well.They They are playingare playing over there. over there.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.3. 表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态. My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beau

5、tiful . To see is to believe .The reason why her absence is that he is ill 3.宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在及物动词或介词及物动词或介词后面.由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词和宾语从句构成.1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday.3.He wanted to have a pen. 4.She likes playing basketball.5.Our teacher said that he would go there.双宾语：指人的是间接宾语

6、，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.4.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词.形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语,不定代词,从句等. 1、This is a red car. 2、The building is their teaching building. 3、The woman doctor is my wife. 4、I have something to tell you. 5、The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. 6、Every student has an English book. 7、I know t

7、he boy who is playing basketball on the playground.5.状语:说明动作或状态特征修饰用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子.副词,介词短语,动词不定式,以及 after, when, as soon as , until, if, before等引起的从句.You are quite right.They often draw in the park. We came here in order to learn English.If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.6. 宾补：补充说明宾语。(宾语

8、和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）宾语+ 宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以下几种类型： 1 名词（代词）+ 不定式 2 名词（代词）+ 分 词 3 名词（代词）+ 名 词 4 名词 （代词）+ 形容词 1 名词（代词）+ 不定式John asked me to help him. Let him go home. I saw her come out of the room. 名词（代词）+ 分词 （现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）I found him standing at the gate .She could feel her heart beating violently.He spok

9、e slowly in order to make himself understood.He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard. 名词（代词）+ 名词（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.)They appointed her head of the English Department.They made him captain of the ship .名词（代词）+ 形容词 We must keep the room clean. We found her busy. I found the story interesting.

10、英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句 (compound sentence)复合句复合句 (complex sentence)A.只包含一个主谓结构Mary opened the door.B.两个主语和一个谓语Steve and his friend are coming to dinner. C.一个主语和两个谓语Mary opened the door and greeted the guests.简单句的五种基本句型1 主语+谓语（不及物动词）（S+Vi型）He came.She dances. 翻译练习：翻译练习： 1.你应当努力学

11、习。你应当努力学习。 2.她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。 3.那天早上我们谈了很多。那天早上我们谈了很多。 4.会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。 5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。巨大的变化。 6. 每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。 7. 这个盒子重五公斤。这个盒子重五公斤。 8. 五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。 9. 爱丽丝很会游泳。爱丽丝很会游泳。 10. 他祖父昨晚去世了。他祖父昨晚去世了。 11. 秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 12. 我的奶奶早晨起得很早。我的奶奶早晨起得很早。 13. 每天下午有许

12、多学生到图书馆来借书。每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。 1. You should study hard. 2. She went home very late yesterday evening/last night. 3. That morning we talked a great deal/a lot. 4. The meeting will last two hours. 5. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 6. Classes begin at eight every d

13、ay. 7. This box weighs five kilos. 8. I lived in Beijing five years ago. (I have lived in Beijing for five years ) 9. Alice swims very well. 10. His grandpa died last week. 11. In autumn, some birds fly to the south. 12. My grandmother gets up early in the morning. 13. Every afternoon a lot of stude

14、nts come to the library to borrow books. 2 主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+宾语宾语(S+Vt+O)I saw her.They like watching TV. 1,昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。 2,今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3，这本书他读过多次了。，这本书他读过多次了。 4，他们成功地完成了计划。，他们成功地完成了计划。 5，你们必须在两周内看完这些书。，你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 6，那位先生能流利地说三种语言。，那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 7,我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的

15、信。 8,Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。 9,我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。 10,他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。 11,他每天早晨洗冷水澡。他每天早晨洗冷水澡。 12,我开窗户你在意吗？我开窗户你在意吗？ 参考答案参考答案： 1.I wrote a letter last night. 2.I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3.He has read this book many times. 4.They have carried out the plan successfully.

16、5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 6.That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.8.Jim cannot dress himself.9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.10.He did not know what to say.11.He takes a cold bath every morning

17、.12.Do you mind my opening the window? 3 主语主语+ 谓语谓语+ 间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO) (IO indirect) I gave her a book. She showed her friends all the pictures. 汉译英练习汉译英练习 双宾语结构双宾语结构 说明：说明： 由主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）间接宾语（人）+直直接宾语（事物）接宾语（事物）组成。如， He brings me cookies every day. She made me a beautiful dr

18、ess. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如， He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。对着某人。 用用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有：常跟双宾语的动词有： （需借助（需借助to的）的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise

19、, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。等。 （需借助（需借助for 的）的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。等。4 主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) I am a student. She looks very young. 翻译练习：翻译练习： 1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。把钱

20、包交给校长了。 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 5. 他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed the ticket to the conductor. 6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。这个学期我已经给

21、父母写过三封信了。 7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。给自己做了一只小船。 9. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？ 10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ 11. 新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。 This term I have written three letters to my parents. My father has bought me a new bike. Robinson Crusoe made himself a

22、 boat. Will you please get me a new copy? Shall I call you a taxi? The new machine will save you a lot of labour5 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+Vt+O+OC) I asked Mary to help me.We call our headmaster a wise man.S+VS+V+CS+V+IO+DOS+V+O+CS+V+P主谓结构主谓结构 1.你应当努力学习。 2.她昨天回家很晚。 3.爱丽丝很会游泳。 4.约翰的父亲昨晚去世了 You should study hard

23、. She went home very late yesterday evening. Alice swims very well. Johns father died last night. 主系表结构主系表结构 1.冬季白天短，夜晚长。冬季白天短，夜晚长。 2.布朗夫人看起来很健康。布朗夫人看起来很健康。 3.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 4. 树叶已经变黄了。树叶已经变黄了。 5. 这个报告听起来很有意思。这个报告听起来很有意思。 In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. Mrs Bro

24、wn looks very healthy. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. The leaves have turned yellow. The report sounds interesting. 主谓宾结构 昨晚我写了一封信。 今天下午我想同你谈谈。 这本书他读过多次了。 他们成功地完成了计划。 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 1.I wrote a letter last night.2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.3.He has read this book many times.4.They have carried out the plan successfully. 5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.双宾语结构 1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。 4. 请把那本字典递